Perinatal Dönem ve Sonrasında İlişkiler: Anne- Çocuk Bağlanması ve Yakın İlişkiler
Özet
Kadınlar için perinatal dönem ve sonrasında yaşam birçok yönden farklılaşmaktadır. Özellikle bir bebeğin dünyaya gelmesiyle birlikte, bebeğin sağlıklı bir psikolojik gelişim sürdürebilmesi anne ile olan düzenli iletişim ve etkileşimle açıklanmaktadır. Anne ile bebek arasında kurulan ve geliştirilen bir etkileşim ve iletişim örüntüsü “bağlanma” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Zihinsel ve fiziksel olarak sağlıklı bireylerin yetişmesi için anne ve bebeğin doğum öncesinden başlayarak güvenli bir bağlanma oluşturması ve sonrasında da bunu sürdürmesi gerekmektedir. Sağlıklı bağlanmanın kurulması ve sürdürülmesinde annenin rolü kadar babanın rolü de yadsınamaz niteliktedir. Ayrıca bağlanmanın gelişmesinde annenin eşinden, yakın ilişkilerinden ve sosyal çevresinden algıladığı destek de oldukça önemlidir. Bu bölümde perinatal dönem ve sonrasında bağlanma ile yakın ilişkiler ve sosyal desteğin maternal dönemdeki etkileri alanyazın kapsamında ele alınmıştır.
For women, life during and after the perinatal period varies significantly. The birth of a baby particularly emphasizes the importance of regular communication and interaction with the mother for the baby's healthy psychological development. This interaction, known as "attachment," begins in the prenatal period and is crucial for raising mentally and physically healthy individuals. Secure attachment between mother and infant must be established and maintained. The role of the father is as crucial as that of the mother in establishing and maintaining healthy attachment. Furthermore, the support perceived by the mother from her spouse, close relationships, and social environment plays a significant role in the development of attachment. This section explores the effects of attachment, close relationships, and social support during and after the perinatal period, drawing on relevant literature.
Referanslar
American Academy of Pediatrics, & The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Guidelines for perinatal care (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al.. Williams obstetrics (24th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Lentjes MAH. The balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society; 2019; 78(1), 97-109. doi:10.1017/S0029665118002525
Ross LE, & McLean LM. Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry; 2006;67(8), 1285-1298. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0818
Gavin N I, Gaynes B N, Lohr KN, et al. Perinatal depression: A systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstetrics & Gynecology; 2005; 106(5), doi:1071-1083. 10.1097/01.AOG.0000183597.31630.db
Bowlby J. A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. United States of America: Basic Books: 1988.
Carter CS. Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology; 1998; 23(8), 779-818. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(98)00055-9.
Uvnas-Moberg K. Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions. Psychoneuroendocrinology; 1998; 23(8), 819-835. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(98)00056-0
Torner L., Toschi N., Pohlinger A., et al. Anxiolytic and anti-stress effects of brain prolactin: improved efficacy of antisense targeting of the prolactin receptor in lactating rats. Journal of Neuroscience, 2002; 22(9), 3730-3738. doi.1 0.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-09-03207.2001
Rubinow DR, & Schmidt PJ. Androgens, brain, and behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry; 1996; 153(8), 974-984. doi: 10.1176/ajp.153.8.974
Feldman R, Weller A, Zagoory-Sharon O, & Levine A. Evidence for a neuroendocrinological foundation of human affiliation: Plasma oxytocin levels across pregnancy and the postpartum period predict mother-infant bonding. Psychological Science; 2007; 18(11), 965-970. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02010.x
Freud S. The ego and the id. London: The Hogarth Press; 1927.
Klein M. The psycho-analysis of children. London: The Hogarth Press; 1932.
Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: Vol.1. Attachment. Great Britain. New York: Basic Books; 1969
Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books; 1973
Ainsworth MD, Blehar MC, Waters E and Wall S. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1978.
Main M and Solomon J. Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation" M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti and E.M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the Preschool Years). Chicago, University of Chicago Press; 1990. p. 121–160.
Ainsworth MD. Attachment beyond infancy. American Psychologist 1989; 44: 709-716.
Ainsworth MS. Infant–mother attachment. American Psychologist 1979; 34(10), 932–937
Rilling JK. The neural and hormonal bases of human parental care. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51(4), 731-747. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.12.017
Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books; 1982.
Ainsworth MDS., Bell SM., & Stayton DJ. Infant-mother attachment and social development: 'Socialisation' as a product of reciprocal responsiveness to signals. In M. P. M. Richards (Ed.), The integration of a child into a social world (pp. 99-135). Cambridge University Press; 1974.
Harlow HF, Zimmermann RR. Affectional Response in the Infant Monkey: Orphaned baby monkeys develop a strong and persistent attachment to inanimate surrogate mothers. Science 1959; 130(3373), 421–432.
Hazan C, Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987; 52: 511-524.
Cooper ML, Shaver PR & Collins NL. Attachment styles, emotion regulation and adjustment in adoloescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998; 74: 1380-1397.
Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM. Attachment styles among young adults: A test of four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991; 61 (2), 226-244.
Bloom KC. The development of attachment behaviors in pregnant adolecents. Nursing Research; 1995; 44(5) : 284-289.
Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ & Grebb JA. Synopsis of Psychiatry. Baltimore Maryland; 1994.
Altuğ BF & Özkan I. Bilişsel süreçlerin gelişimi. Psikiyatri Bülteni; 1996; 4(2):58-64.
Kemp VH., & Page CK. Maternal prenatal attachment in normal and high-risk pregnancies. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing; 1987; 16, 179-184. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1987.tb01455.x
Babacan Şİ. Türkiye‟de Ruh Hastalıklarının Tedavisinde Müziğin Rolünün Müzik Eğitimi Açısından İncelenmesi ve Yorumlaması, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. 1998.
Buckley SJ. Hormonal physiology of childbearing: Evidence and implications for women, babies, and maternity care. Childbirth Connection; 2015.
Rowe-Murray HJ, & Fisher JR. Baby friendly hospital practices: Cesarean section is a persistent barrier to early initiation of breastfeeding. Birth; 2002; 29(2), 124-131. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-536X.2002.00172.x
Tully KP, & Ball HL. Trade‐offs underlying maternal breastfeeding decisions: A conceptual model. Maternal & Child Nutrition; 2013; 9(1), doi:90-98. 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00378.x
UNICEF. Early initiation of breastfeeding: the key to survival and beyond. UNICEF Report; 2012.
Moore ER., Anderson G C, Bergman N, & Dowswell T. Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2012 (5). doi: 10.1111/1552-6909.12177
Britton JR, Britton HL, & Gronwaldt V. Breastfeeding, sensitivity, and attachment. Pediatrics, 2006; 118(5), 1436-1443. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2916
McMahon C, Trapolini T, & Barnett. Maternal state of mind regarding attachment predicts persistence of postnatal depression in the preschool years. Journal of Affective Disorders; 2008; 107(1-3), 199-203. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.07.017
Sechi C, Prino LE, Rollé L., Lucarelli L., & Vismara L.. Maternal attachment representations during pregnancy, perinatal maternal depression, and parenting stress: relations to child’s attachment. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health; 2021; 19(1), 69. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010069
Nordahl D., Rognmo K., Bohne A. et al. Adult attachment style and maternal-infant bonding: the indirect path of parenting stress. BMC Psychol; 2020; 8, 58. doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00424-2
O’Dea GA, Youssef GJ, Hagg LJ, et al. Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Women's Mental Health; 2023; 26(4), 441-452. doi: 10.1007/s00737-023-01332-1
Varlık Özsoy E. Bağlanma, Anksiyete ve Bilgi İşleme. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara; 2015.
Iafrate R., Donato S., & Bertoni AMM. Partner support. In Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (4640-4644). Michalos, Alex C.; 2014.
Cheng ER., Rifas-Shiman SL, Perkins ME et al. The Influence of Antenatal Partner Support on Pregnancy Outcomes. J. Womens Health; 2016, 25, 672–679. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5462
Dennis CL, Chung-Lee L. Postpartum Depression Help-Seeking Barriers and Maternal Treatment Preferences: A Qualitative Systematic Review. Birth; 2006; 33, 323–331. Doi: 10.1111/j.1523-536X.2006.00130.x
Hopkin J., Campbell SB. Development and Validation of a Scale to Assess Social Support in the Postpartum Period. Arch. Womens Ment. Health; 2008; 11, 57–65. doi: 10.1007/s00737-008-0212-5
Beck CT. Predictors of Postpartum Depression: An Update. Nurs. Res; 2001; 50, 275–285. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004
Bernard O, Gibson RC, McCaw-Binns A., et al. Antenatal Depressive Symptoms in Jamaica Associated with Limited Perceived Partner and Other Social Support: A Cross-Sectional Study. Plos One; 2018; 13, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194338
Bayrampour H, McDonald S, & Tough S. Risk factors of transient and persistent anxiety during pregnancy. Midwifery; 2015; 31(6), 582-589. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2015.02.009
Nasreen HE, Kabir ZN, Forsell Y, & Edhborg M. Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: a population based study in rural Bangladesh. BMC Women's Health; 2011;11, 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-22
Premji S. Perinatal distress in women in low-and middle-income countries: allostatic load as a framework to examine the effect of perinatal distress on preterm birth and infant health. Maternal and Child Health Journal; 2014; 18, 2393-2407. doi: 10.1007/s10995-014-1479-y
Jonsdottir SS, Thome M, Steingrimsdottir T, et al. Partner relationship, social support and perinatal distress among pregnant Icelandic women. Women and Birth; 2017; 30(1), 46-55. doi: 0.1016/j.wombi.2016.08.005
Hartley M, Tomlinson M, Greco E, et al. Depressed mood in pregnancy: prevalence and correlates in two Cape Town peri-urban settlements. Reproductive Health; 2011; 8, 1-7. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-8-9
Gjerdingen DK, Froberg DG, & Fontaine P. (). The effects of social support on women's health during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and the postpartum period. Family medicine, 1991; 23(5), 370-375. Doi: 1884933
Stapleton LRT, Schetter CD, Westling E et al. Perceived partner support in pregnancy predicts lower maternal and infant distress. Journal of Family Psychology; 2012; 26(3), 453. doi: 10.1037/a0028332
Mental Health and Development: Targeting People with Mental Health Conditions as A Vulnerable Group. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241563949 (accessed on 07 July 2024).
Perinatal Mental Health: Bridging the Gaps in Policy and Practice. 2. Available online: https://www.euro.who.int/Perinatal-mental-health-bridging-gaps- (accessed on 07 July 2024).
Leerkes EM, & Burney RV. The development of parenting efficacy among new mothers and fathers. Infant Mental Health Journal; 2007; 28(4), 454-480. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2007.tb00233.x
Bedaso A, Adams J, Peng W. et al. The relationship between social support and mental health problems during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health; 2021; 18, 162. doi: 10.1186/s12978-021-01209-5
Iyengar U, Jaiprakash B, Haitsuka H, & Kim S. One year into the pandemic: a systematic review of perinatal mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychiatry; 2021; 12, 674194. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674194
Al-Mutawtah M, Campbell E, Kubis HP. et al. Women’s experiences of social support during pregnancy: a qualitative systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth; 2023; 23, 782. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-06089-0
Rice C, Ingram E. & O’Mahen H. A qualitative study of the impact of peer support on women’s mental health treatment experiences during the perinatal period. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth; 2022; 22, 689. doi: /10.1186/s12884-022-04959-7
McCarthy M, Houghton C & Matvienko-Sikar K. Women’s experiences and perceptions of anxiety and stress during the perinatal period: a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth; 2021; 21, 811 doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-04271-w
Aarestrup AK, Skovgaard Væver M, Petersen J. et al. An early intervention to promote maternal sensitivity in the perinatal period for women with psychosocial vulnerabilities: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychol; 2020; 8, 41. doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00407-3
Sümer N, Metin Orta İ, Alsancak-Akbulut C. et al. Olumlu ebeveyn davranışlarını artırmaya yönelik video-geri bildirimli müdahale programının anne duyarlığı üzerindeki etkisinin Türkiye'de incelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2020; 35(85), 100-116. doi: 10.31828/tpd1300443320190219m000018
Referanslar
American Academy of Pediatrics, & The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Guidelines for perinatal care (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education; 2017.
Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, et al.. Williams obstetrics (24th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.
Lentjes MAH. The balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society; 2019; 78(1), 97-109. doi:10.1017/S0029665118002525
Ross LE, & McLean LM. Anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry; 2006;67(8), 1285-1298. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v67n0818
Gavin N I, Gaynes B N, Lohr KN, et al. Perinatal depression: A systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstetrics & Gynecology; 2005; 106(5), doi:1071-1083. 10.1097/01.AOG.0000183597.31630.db
Bowlby J. A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. United States of America: Basic Books: 1988.
Carter CS. Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology; 1998; 23(8), 779-818. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(98)00055-9.
Uvnas-Moberg K. Oxytocin may mediate the benefits of positive social interaction and emotions. Psychoneuroendocrinology; 1998; 23(8), 819-835. doi: 10.1016/S0306-4530(98)00056-0
Torner L., Toschi N., Pohlinger A., et al. Anxiolytic and anti-stress effects of brain prolactin: improved efficacy of antisense targeting of the prolactin receptor in lactating rats. Journal of Neuroscience, 2002; 22(9), 3730-3738. doi.1 0.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-09-03207.2001
Rubinow DR, & Schmidt PJ. Androgens, brain, and behavior. American Journal of Psychiatry; 1996; 153(8), 974-984. doi: 10.1176/ajp.153.8.974
Feldman R, Weller A, Zagoory-Sharon O, & Levine A. Evidence for a neuroendocrinological foundation of human affiliation: Plasma oxytocin levels across pregnancy and the postpartum period predict mother-infant bonding. Psychological Science; 2007; 18(11), 965-970. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02010.x
Freud S. The ego and the id. London: The Hogarth Press; 1927.
Klein M. The psycho-analysis of children. London: The Hogarth Press; 1932.
Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: Vol.1. Attachment. Great Britain. New York: Basic Books; 1969
Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books; 1973
Ainsworth MD, Blehar MC, Waters E and Wall S. Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1978.
Main M and Solomon J. Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation" M.T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti and E.M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the Preschool Years). Chicago, University of Chicago Press; 1990. p. 121–160.
Ainsworth MD. Attachment beyond infancy. American Psychologist 1989; 44: 709-716.
Ainsworth MS. Infant–mother attachment. American Psychologist 1979; 34(10), 932–937
Rilling JK. The neural and hormonal bases of human parental care. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51(4), 731-747. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.12.017
Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books; 1982.
Ainsworth MDS., Bell SM., & Stayton DJ. Infant-mother attachment and social development: 'Socialisation' as a product of reciprocal responsiveness to signals. In M. P. M. Richards (Ed.), The integration of a child into a social world (pp. 99-135). Cambridge University Press; 1974.
Harlow HF, Zimmermann RR. Affectional Response in the Infant Monkey: Orphaned baby monkeys develop a strong and persistent attachment to inanimate surrogate mothers. Science 1959; 130(3373), 421–432.
Hazan C, Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1987; 52: 511-524.
Cooper ML, Shaver PR & Collins NL. Attachment styles, emotion regulation and adjustment in adoloescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998; 74: 1380-1397.
Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM. Attachment styles among young adults: A test of four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991; 61 (2), 226-244.
Bloom KC. The development of attachment behaviors in pregnant adolecents. Nursing Research; 1995; 44(5) : 284-289.
Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ & Grebb JA. Synopsis of Psychiatry. Baltimore Maryland; 1994.
Altuğ BF & Özkan I. Bilişsel süreçlerin gelişimi. Psikiyatri Bülteni; 1996; 4(2):58-64.
Kemp VH., & Page CK. Maternal prenatal attachment in normal and high-risk pregnancies. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing; 1987; 16, 179-184. doi: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1987.tb01455.x
Babacan Şİ. Türkiye‟de Ruh Hastalıklarının Tedavisinde Müziğin Rolünün Müzik Eğitimi Açısından İncelenmesi ve Yorumlaması, Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. 1998.
Buckley SJ. Hormonal physiology of childbearing: Evidence and implications for women, babies, and maternity care. Childbirth Connection; 2015.
Rowe-Murray HJ, & Fisher JR. Baby friendly hospital practices: Cesarean section is a persistent barrier to early initiation of breastfeeding. Birth; 2002; 29(2), 124-131. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-536X.2002.00172.x
Tully KP, & Ball HL. Trade‐offs underlying maternal breastfeeding decisions: A conceptual model. Maternal & Child Nutrition; 2013; 9(1), doi:90-98. 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00378.x
UNICEF. Early initiation of breastfeeding: the key to survival and beyond. UNICEF Report; 2012.
Moore ER., Anderson G C, Bergman N, & Dowswell T. Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2012 (5). doi: 10.1111/1552-6909.12177
Britton JR, Britton HL, & Gronwaldt V. Breastfeeding, sensitivity, and attachment. Pediatrics, 2006; 118(5), 1436-1443. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2916
McMahon C, Trapolini T, & Barnett. Maternal state of mind regarding attachment predicts persistence of postnatal depression in the preschool years. Journal of Affective Disorders; 2008; 107(1-3), 199-203. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.07.017
Sechi C, Prino LE, Rollé L., Lucarelli L., & Vismara L.. Maternal attachment representations during pregnancy, perinatal maternal depression, and parenting stress: relations to child’s attachment. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health; 2021; 19(1), 69. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010069
Nordahl D., Rognmo K., Bohne A. et al. Adult attachment style and maternal-infant bonding: the indirect path of parenting stress. BMC Psychol; 2020; 8, 58. doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00424-2
O’Dea GA, Youssef GJ, Hagg LJ, et al. Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Women's Mental Health; 2023; 26(4), 441-452. doi: 10.1007/s00737-023-01332-1
Varlık Özsoy E. Bağlanma, Anksiyete ve Bilgi İşleme. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara Üniversitesi, Ankara; 2015.
Iafrate R., Donato S., & Bertoni AMM. Partner support. In Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research (4640-4644). Michalos, Alex C.; 2014.
Cheng ER., Rifas-Shiman SL, Perkins ME et al. The Influence of Antenatal Partner Support on Pregnancy Outcomes. J. Womens Health; 2016, 25, 672–679. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5462
Dennis CL, Chung-Lee L. Postpartum Depression Help-Seeking Barriers and Maternal Treatment Preferences: A Qualitative Systematic Review. Birth; 2006; 33, 323–331. Doi: 10.1111/j.1523-536X.2006.00130.x
Hopkin J., Campbell SB. Development and Validation of a Scale to Assess Social Support in the Postpartum Period. Arch. Womens Ment. Health; 2008; 11, 57–65. doi: 10.1007/s00737-008-0212-5
Beck CT. Predictors of Postpartum Depression: An Update. Nurs. Res; 2001; 50, 275–285. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004
Bernard O, Gibson RC, McCaw-Binns A., et al. Antenatal Depressive Symptoms in Jamaica Associated with Limited Perceived Partner and Other Social Support: A Cross-Sectional Study. Plos One; 2018; 13, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194338
Bayrampour H, McDonald S, & Tough S. Risk factors of transient and persistent anxiety during pregnancy. Midwifery; 2015; 31(6), 582-589. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2015.02.009
Nasreen HE, Kabir ZN, Forsell Y, & Edhborg M. Prevalence and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy: a population based study in rural Bangladesh. BMC Women's Health; 2011;11, 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-22
Premji S. Perinatal distress in women in low-and middle-income countries: allostatic load as a framework to examine the effect of perinatal distress on preterm birth and infant health. Maternal and Child Health Journal; 2014; 18, 2393-2407. doi: 10.1007/s10995-014-1479-y
Jonsdottir SS, Thome M, Steingrimsdottir T, et al. Partner relationship, social support and perinatal distress among pregnant Icelandic women. Women and Birth; 2017; 30(1), 46-55. doi: 0.1016/j.wombi.2016.08.005
Hartley M, Tomlinson M, Greco E, et al. Depressed mood in pregnancy: prevalence and correlates in two Cape Town peri-urban settlements. Reproductive Health; 2011; 8, 1-7. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-8-9
Gjerdingen DK, Froberg DG, & Fontaine P. (). The effects of social support on women's health during pregnancy, labor and delivery, and the postpartum period. Family medicine, 1991; 23(5), 370-375. Doi: 1884933
Stapleton LRT, Schetter CD, Westling E et al. Perceived partner support in pregnancy predicts lower maternal and infant distress. Journal of Family Psychology; 2012; 26(3), 453. doi: 10.1037/a0028332
Mental Health and Development: Targeting People with Mental Health Conditions as A Vulnerable Group. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241563949 (accessed on 07 July 2024).
Perinatal Mental Health: Bridging the Gaps in Policy and Practice. 2. Available online: https://www.euro.who.int/Perinatal-mental-health-bridging-gaps- (accessed on 07 July 2024).
Leerkes EM, & Burney RV. The development of parenting efficacy among new mothers and fathers. Infant Mental Health Journal; 2007; 28(4), 454-480. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2007.tb00233.x
Bedaso A, Adams J, Peng W. et al. The relationship between social support and mental health problems during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health; 2021; 18, 162. doi: 10.1186/s12978-021-01209-5
Iyengar U, Jaiprakash B, Haitsuka H, & Kim S. One year into the pandemic: a systematic review of perinatal mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychiatry; 2021; 12, 674194. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.674194
Al-Mutawtah M, Campbell E, Kubis HP. et al. Women’s experiences of social support during pregnancy: a qualitative systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth; 2023; 23, 782. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-06089-0
Rice C, Ingram E. & O’Mahen H. A qualitative study of the impact of peer support on women’s mental health treatment experiences during the perinatal period. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth; 2022; 22, 689. doi: /10.1186/s12884-022-04959-7
McCarthy M, Houghton C & Matvienko-Sikar K. Women’s experiences and perceptions of anxiety and stress during the perinatal period: a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth; 2021; 21, 811 doi: 10.1186/s12884-021-04271-w
Aarestrup AK, Skovgaard Væver M, Petersen J. et al. An early intervention to promote maternal sensitivity in the perinatal period for women with psychosocial vulnerabilities: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychol; 2020; 8, 41. doi: 10.1186/s40359-020-00407-3
Sümer N, Metin Orta İ, Alsancak-Akbulut C. et al. Olumlu ebeveyn davranışlarını artırmaya yönelik video-geri bildirimli müdahale programının anne duyarlığı üzerindeki etkisinin Türkiye'de incelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi; 2020; 35(85), 100-116. doi: 10.31828/tpd1300443320190219m000018
