Skolyoz Cerrahisinde Postoperatif Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde Hasta Yönetimi
Özet
Dokuz yaşında, erkek, skolyoz nedeniyle operasyon planı olan hasta preoperatif değerlendirildi. Hastaya total intravenöz anestezi (TİVA) ile nöromonitorizasyon yapılarak T1-L1 posterior enstrümantasyon ve T4-5 asimetrik pedikül subtraksiyon osteotomisi uygulandı. Peroperatif stabil seyreden hasta sorunsuz bir şekilde ekstübe edilip post anestezik bakım ünitesine (PABÜ) devir edildi. Post anestezik bakım ünitesindeki takiplerinde de sorun olmayan hasta servisine gönderildi. Servis izlemlerinde solunum sıkıntısı gelişen hastada akciğerlerde bilateral effüzyon saptanması üzerine çocuk cerrahi tarafından genel anestezi altında bilateral toraks tüpü takıldı. İşlem sonrası hastanın izlemleri PABÜ’de devam etti. Post anestezik bakım ünitesindeki takiplerinde hasta ventilasyonunda güçlük, yüksek tepe basınçları ve bilateral dinlemekle akciğer sesleri yokluğu görüldü. Toraks rijiditesiyle birlikte akciğerlerin ekspanse olmadığı izlendi. Tansiyon pnömotoraks kuşkusuyla acil çocuk cerrahisi ekibine konsülte edildi. Hastanın devam eden toraks rijiditesi yönünden çocuk yoğun bakım ve çocuk cerrahisi ekipleri ile birlikte transfüzyon ile ilişkili akut akciğer hasarı (TRALİ), akut pulmoner ödem, akut respiratuar distres sendromu (ARDS) gibi nedenler değerlendirildi. İntravenöz (iv) deksametazon ve furosemid tedavisi, endotrakeal adrenalin ve ventolin nebülizasyon tedavileri ile göğüs rijiditesinin gerilediği görüldü. Hasta ileri izlem amaçlı postoperatif 2. günde PABÜ’den pediatri yoğun bakıma devir edildi. Mekanik ventilasyon desteği azaltılarak sedasyonları kapatıldıktan sonra hasta postoperatif 6. gününde ekstübe edildi. Yoğun bakım takipleri stabil seyreden, mekanik ventilatör desteğine ihtiyacı olmayan hasta postoperatif 7. gününde ortopedi servisine devir alındı. Fizik tedavi programına alınarak mobilizasyonu sağlanan ve genel durumu iyi olan hasta postoperatif 13. gününde servisten taburcu edildi.
Nine years old male patient with a scoliosis operation plan was evaluated preoperatively. The patient underwent neuromonitoring with total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA), and T1-L1 posterior instrumentation and T4-5 asymmetric pedicle subtraction osteotomies were performed. The patient, who was stable peroperatively, was extubated without any problems and transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). The patient, who had no problems in his post-anesthesia care unit follow-ups, was sent to the ward. During the ward follow-ups, the patient developed respiratory distress and in lungs bilateral effusion was detected, and thoracic tubes were placed bilaterally under general anesthesia by the pediatric surgeon. The patient's follow-ups continued in the PACU after the procedure. During the post-anesthesia care unit follow-ups, difficulty in ventilation, high peak pressures, and absence of lung sounds on bilateral auscultation were observed. Lung expansion was limited with thoracic rigidity. The pediatric surgery team was immediately consulted due to the suspicion of tension pneumothorax. The patient's ongoing thoracic rigidity was evaluated together with the pediatric intensive care and pediatric surgery teams for causes such as transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), acute pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Chest rigidity regression was observed with intravenous dexamethasone and furosemide treatment, endotracheal adrenaline, and ventolin nebulization treatments. The patient was transferred from PABU to the pediatric intensive care unit on the 2nd postoperative day for further management. After mechanical ventilation support was reduced and sedation was ceased; the patient was extubated on the 6th postoperative day. On the seventh postoperative day, the patient was transferred to the orthopedic ward as his intensive care follow-ups were stable and he didn't need further mechanical ventilator support. On the thirteenth postoperative day, patient was discharged with good general condition, was mobilized and scheduled for physical therapy program.
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