Kalp Destek Cihazları ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımları
Özet
Son yıllarda kalp yetmezliğinin tedavisinde dolaşım desteği sağlamaya yönelik dolaşım destek cihazları kullanılmakta olup, en sık sol ventrikül destek cihazları uygulanmaktadır. Sol ventrikül destek cihazları kalbin yükünü azaltıp, hastayı yatağa bağlamaktan kurtararak aktif bir yaşam sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Hastalara transplantasyon olanağı sağlanıncaya kadar kalp yetmezliğinin organlar ve sistemler üzerindeki bozucu etkilerini düzeltip, onların yaşam kalitelerini artırır. Ancak hastalar açık kalp cerrahisi tekniği ve implante edilen cihaz nedeniyle komplikasyon yaşayabilirler. Bu hastalarda en sık kanama, aritmi, enfeksiyon, sağ kalp yetersizliği ve nörolojik komplikasyonlar görülmektedir. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde hastaların günlük yaşama uyumları ve cihazın etkili yönetimi açısından hemşirelik bakımı ve hasta eğitimi önemlidir.
In recent years, circulatory assist devices have been used to provide circulatory support in the treatment of heart failure, and left ventricular assist devices are most commonly used. Left ventricular assist devices aim to reduce the load on the heart, save the patient from being bedridden, provide an active life. It corrects the disruptive effects of heart failure on organs and systems and improves the quality of life of patients until transplantation is possible. However, patients may experience complications due to the open heart surgery technique and the implanted device. The most common complications in these patients are bleeding, arrhythmia, infection, right heart failure and neurological complications. Nursing care and patient education are important in terms of patients' adaptation to daily life and effective management of the device in the postoperative period.
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