Kalbin Anatomi ve Fizyolojisi
Özet
Kalp durmaksızın çalışır ve hayatın devamlılığını sağlar. Çizgili kas yapısında olan kalbin esas tabakası miyokardium dışta perikardium içte endokardumla çevrilidir. Kalp içindeki kan dolaşımı sağ atrium, sağ ventrikül, sol ventrikül ve sol atrium şeklinde ilerler. Bu yapılar arasında kanın geri akışını engelleyen atriyoventriküler kapakçıklar ile kalbin pulmoner ve aort bağlantılarında bulunan semilunar kapakçıklar bulunur. Kalbin uyarılması sürecini yöneten sinoatriyal düğüm, atrioventriküler düğüm, his demeti ve pukrinje lifleriyle kalbin temel işlevi olan pompalama görevi gerçekleşmektedir. Kalbin beslenmesi koroner arterler ile sağlanırken çalışmasının düzenlenmesinde Frank-starling yasası, otonom sinir sistemi, baro/kemo-reseptörler yer alır. Kalbin anatomi ve fizyolojisi bu bölümde detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir.
The heart tirelessly ensures the continuity of life. The main layer of the heart is called the myocardium, which has a striated muscle structure. It is surrounded by the pericardium on the outside and the endocardium on the inside. Blood flows through the heart in the following sequence: right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, and left atrium. These structures contain atrioventricular valves that prevent the backflow of blood and semilunar valves located in the pulmonary and aortic connections of the heart. The basic function of the heart is pumping which is carried out with the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of His and Pukrinje fibers, managing the process of heart stimulation. While the heart is nourished by the coronary arteries, the Frank-Starling law, the autonomic nervous system, and baro/chemo-receptors regulate its function. This section offers a comprehensive analysis of the structure and function of the heart.
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