Okula Hazırbulunuşluk ve Okul Sisteminin Tarihi

Özet

Okula hazırbulunuşluk, bir çocuğun okula kolay ve başarılı bir geçiş yapmaya hazır olup olmadığını ifade eder. Çocukların okula başladıklarında daha iyi öğrenmelerini sağlamak için becerilerini geliştiren etkinliklere katılımlarının sağlanması başarılarını destekleyebilir. Bir çocuğun hazırbulunuşluğunun yaşamının ilerleyen yıllarındaki akademik başarısı ile ilişkili olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Hazırbulunuşluk bilim insanları, eğitimciler, aileler ve politikacılar tarafından farklı tanımlanmaktadır.  Genel olarak okula hazırbulunuşluk çocukların gelişimsel beceriler açısından olgunlaştıkları ve daha önceden belirlenen örgün eğitim sisteminden yararlanabilecekleri yaşta olmaları ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Dünyada pek çok ülkede çocukların okula başlamak için belirlenen yaşa geldiklerinde okula hazır oldukları düşünülmektedir. Okula hazırbulunuşluk çocuğun akademik temellerinin yanısıra özbakım becerileri, dikkat, motor becerileri, duygusal gelişimi, dil becerileri, oyun ve sosyal gelişimi de içerir. Çocukların okula başlama sürecinin olumlu olması daha sonraki yıllarda başarılı bir eğitim sürecinin temellerini oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle okula başlama sürecinde çocuğun gelişim özelliklerinin aile ve toplum desteği ile artırılması, okul sistemlerinin çocukların ihtiyaç ve ilgileri doğrultusunda şekillendirilerek başarıyı artıran programlarının oluşturulmasına çalışılmaktadır.  Çocukların okul sisteminde gelişimlerine en uygun programlarla desteklenmeleri gelişimlerine olumlu katkı sunarken toplumların da gelişmelerine katkı sunacaktır. Okula geçiş sürecinin çocuk-aile-toplum ve okul boyutlarının işbirliği içinde çalışması ile istenen niteliklere ulaşması sağlanabilir.

Referanslar

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Referanslar

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Akay, D., & Ceylan, R. (2019). Birinci Sınıfa Başlamak İçin Okula Başlama Yaşı Mı Okula Hazır Olum Mu? Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 48(224), 7-31.

Aktepe, V. (2005). Eğitimde Bireyi Tanımanın Önemi. Gazi Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi, 2, 15-24.

Amukune, S., Barrett, K., & Józsa, K. (2022). Game-based assessment of school readiness domains of 3–8-year-old-children: A scoping review. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 11, 146–167.

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Atılgan, M. (2006). Antik Çağın En Önemli Yazı Malzemesi: Papirüs. Bilgi Dünyası, 7(2), 293-312.

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Birekul, M. (2018). Anadolu Selçuklu Devletinde Eğitim ve Konya Medreseleri. Mecmua, (5), 85-98.

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Dikyol, D. Ç. (2021). Antik Roma’da bir statü göstergesi olarak eğitim. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(3), 1025-1051.

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Dockett, S., & Perry, B. (2009). Readiness for School: A Relational Construct. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 34(1), 20–26.

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Güven, İ. (2018). Türk Eğitim Tarihi (7. Baskı). Pegem Akademi Yayınları.

Grendler, P. F. (2004). The Universities of the Renaissance and Reformation. Renaissance Quarterly, 57(1), 1-42.

Griffith, M. (2001). Public and Private in Early Greek Education. In Y. L. Too (Ed.), Education in Greek and Roman Antiquity (pp. 23-84). Brill.

Gümüş, T. (2010). Ortaçağ’dan Erken Modern Döneme Batı Avrupa’da Eğitim Tarihi: Yeni Yaklaşımlar. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 25-40.

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Hali, S., & Rencüzoğulları, S. (2017). İslamiyet Öncesi Dönemde Türklerde Eğitim. 21. Yüzyılda Eğitim ve Toplum, 6(17).

Hanny, M., Suteja, M. S. (2024). Penerapan Konsep Playful Dalam Perancangan Rumah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Di Kawasan Casa Jardin, Jakarta Barat. Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa), 6(1), 577–586. https://doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v6i1.27500

Harman, G. , Çelikler, D. (2012). Eğitimde Hazırbulunuşluğun Önemi Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1,3, 147-156.

Hoskens, J., Paulussen, S., Goemans, N., Feys, H., De Waele, L., & Klingels, K. (2024). Early motor, cognitive, language, behavioural and social emotional development in infants and young boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy- A systematic review. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 52, 29–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.07.003

Işık, A. (2018). İlk Şehirler ve Yazılı Medeniyete Geçiş. Mavi Atlas, 6(2), 46-74.

Jahreie, J. (2023). Early childhood education and care teachers’ perceptions of school readiness: A research review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104353

Janus, M. (2011). Transition to School. (Pg177-187) e -book ISBN 978-94-007-0573-9D. M. Laverick, M. R. Jalongo (eds.), Transitions to Early Care and Education, Educating the Young Child 4, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-0573-9_15.

Janus, M., Offord, D. (2007). Development and psychometric properties of the Early Development Instrument (EDI): A measure of children’s school readiness. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 39(1), 1-22.

Kagan, S. L., Neville, P. R. (1996). Combining endogenous and exogenous factors in the shift years: The transition to school. In A. J. Sameroff & M. M. Haith (Eds.), The five to seven year shift: The age of reason and responsibility (pp. 337–405). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

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