Sığırlarda Tırnak Problemleri ve Operasyonları
Özet
Sığırlarda tırnak hastalıkları yaygın olarak karşılaşılan problemlerdir ve bu hastalıklar arasında taban ülseri, taban apsesi, taban çürüğü, digital dermatit ve interdigital dermatit sıklıkla teşhis edilmektedir. Ayrıca, cerrahi müdahale gerektiren diğer hastalıklar arasında dikey kırıklar, ayak ve taç eklem septik artritleri, tenosinovit, tendon nekrozu, pedal osteomiyelit ve falangeal çıkıklar yer almaktadır. Birçok cerrahi işlem saha koşullarında uygulanabilse de, operasyon sonrası bakım ve ağrı yönetimi daha karmaşık olabilir. Başarılı cerrahi sonuçlar için, ayak anatomisinin detaylı bir şekilde anlaşılması önemlidir. Sahada cerrahi müdahaleyi gerçekleştirebilmek için klinik bilgi ve uygun cerrahi aletlerin kullanımı gerekmektedir. Özellikle taç ve ayak eklem sepsisi gibi konservatif tedaviye yanıt vermeyen durumlar cerrahi müdahale gerektirir ve bu tür durumlar hayvanın uzun süre acı çekmesine yol açabilir. Bu nedenle, perioperatif analjezi uygulamaları büyük önem taşır. Cerrahi tedavi seçenekleri arasında parmak amputasyonu ve eklem rezeksiyonu gibi yöntemler bulunur.
Claw diseases in cattle are common problems, with frequent diagnoses including sole ulcers, sole abscesses, foot rot, digital dermatitis, and interdigital dermatitis. Additionally, other conditions requiring surgical intervention include vertical fractures, septic arthritis of the foot and coronet joints, tenosynovitis, tendon necrosis, pedal osteomyelitis, and phalangeal dislocations. While many surgical procedures can be performed under field conditions, postoperative care and pain management can be more complex. A detailed understanding of foot anatomy is essential for successful surgical outcomes. Clinical knowledge and the use of appropriate surgical instruments are required to perform surgeries in the field. Particularly, conditions like coronet and foot joint sepsis, which do not respond to conservative treatment, necessitate surgical intervention. These chronic conditions can cause the animal to suffer for extended periods, making perioperative analgesia critically important. Surgical treatment options include procedures such as digit amputation and joint resection.
Referanslar
Budras K, Habel RE. Bovine Anatomy. 1st ed. Hannover (Germany): Schlutersche; 2003. p.138.
Fiedler A, Maierl J, Nuss K. Erkrankungen der Klauen und Zehen des Rindes. 1st ed. Stuttgart (Germany): Schattauer; 2004. p. 216.
Desrochers A, St-Jean G, Anderson DE. Use of facilitated ankylosis in the treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle: 12 cases (1987-1992) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1995;206(12):1923-1927.
Desrochers A, St Jean G. Surgical management of digit disorders in cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 1996; 12: 277–298.
Arican M, Erol H, Altan S, et al. The Use of Infrared Thermography in The Early Diagnosis of Septic Arthritis in Calves. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2022; 25(2): 298-307.
Greenough PR, Ferguson JG. Alternatives to amputation. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 1985; 1: 195–203.
Funk KA. Late results of digit amputation in cattle. Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 1977;90:152–156.
Pejsa TG, St Jean G, Hoffsis GF, Musser JM. Digit amputation in cattle: 85 cases (1971-1990). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1993;15;202(6):981-984.
Starke A, Heppelmann M, Beyerbach M, et al. Septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle: comparison of digital amputation and joint resection by solar approach. Veterinary Surgery, 2007; 36:350–359.
Bicalho RC, Cheong SH, Warnick LD, et al. The effect of digit amputation or arthrodesis surgery on culling and milk production in Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2006; 89:2596–2602.
Arıcan M. Sığır Cerrahi Atlası. Damla Ofset AŞ. Konya. 2017. p. 356-360.
Kofler J, Osova A, Altenbrunner-Martinek B, Burgstaller J. Apical pedal bone necrosis (toe necrosis) in 30 cattle - retrospective evaluation of the treatment methods and outcome. Wiener Tierärztliche Monatsschrift, 2017;104:131-42.
Nuss K, Schwarz A, Ringer S. Lokalanästhesien beim Wiederkäuer [Local anaesthesia in ruminants]. Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere, 2017; 20;45(3):159-173.
Ferguson JG. Surgery of the distal limb. In: Greenough, PR, Weaver AD (eds): Lameness in cattle. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1997. p. 248-261.
Heppelmann M, Kofler J, Meyer H, et al. Advances in surgical treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle – a review. Veterinary Journal, 2009;182(2):162-175.
Kostlin RG, Nuss K. Treatment of the purulent hoof joint inflammation in cattle by joint resection-results. Tierärztliche Praxis, 1998;16(2):123–131.
Greenough PR, MacCallum FJ, Weaver AD. Lameness in cattle. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1981.
Kofler J, Feist M, Starke A, et al. Resection of the distal / proximal interphalangeal joint and digit amputation in 21 breeding bulls – indications, clinical findings and long-term outcome. Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 2007; 120(3-4):156-164.
Zulauf M, Jordan P, Steiner A. Fenestration of the abaxial hoof wall and implantation of gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges for the treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle. Veterinary Record, 2001;149: 516–518.
Heppelmann M, Rehage J, Kofler J, et al. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of the septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle. Veterinary Journal, 2009;179(3):407-416.
Kofler J, Fessl L. Comparison of the methods of amputation through phalanx media versus exarticulation in the proximal interphalangeal joint in cattle. Wiener Tierärztliche Monatsschrift, 1989;76:224-230.
Kofler J. Septic arthritis of the proximal interphalangeal (pastern) joint in cattle— clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic findings and treatment. Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 1995;108:281–289.
Kofler J. Clinical study of toe ulcer and necrosis of the apex of the distal phalanx in 53 cattle. Veterinary Journal, 1999;157: 139–147.
Nuss K, Weaver MP. Resection of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle: an alternative to amputation. Veterinary Record, 1991;128(23):540-543.
Kofler J, Stanek CH. Treatment of complicated septic disorders of the bovine digit, using a combination of surgical therapy and application of Sodium-Ceftiofur. Tierärztliche Praxis, 1998;26(G):314-317.
Kofler J, Martinek B. New surgical approach to the plantar fetlock joint through the digital flexor tendon sheath wall and suspensory ligament apparatus in cases of concurrent septic synovitis in two cattle. Veterinary Journal. 2005;169(3):370-375.
Collick DW. Interdital hyperplasia. In: Greenough PR, (ed). Lameness in Cattle. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Sauders; 1997. p.119–120.
Böttger T. Incidence of interdigital overgrowth in B and W bulls and its relationship to age. Deutsche tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 1962;69:596.
van Amstel SR, Shearer JK. Manual for treatment and control of lameness in cattle. 1st ed. Ames (IA): Blackwell Publishing; 2006. p. 212.
Holzhauer M, Bartels CJ, Dopfer D, et al. Clinical course of digital dermatitis lesions in an endemically infected herd without preventive herd strategies. Veterinary Journal, 2008;177:222–230.
Goonewardene LA, Hand RK. A study of hoof cracks in grazing cattle; association of age, weight and fatness. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 1995;75:25–29.
Clark CR, Petrie L. Fracture toughness of bovine claw horn from cattle with and without vertical fissures. Veterinary Journal, 2007;173:541–547.
Clark CR, Petrie L, Waldner C, et al. Characteristics of the bovine claw associated with the presence of vertical fissures (sandcracks). Canadian Veterinary Journal, 2004;45:585–593.
Campbell JR, Greenough PR, Petrie L. The effects of dietary biotin supplementation on vertical fissures of the claw wall in beef cattle. Canadian Veterinary Journal 2000; 41:690–694.
Bouckaert JV. Lameness in cattle. Nordisk Veterinaermedicine, 1964;16(Suppl. 1):225-240.
Weaver AD. Performing amputation of the bovine digit. Veterinary Medicine US. 1991; 86:1230-1233.
Bicalho RC, Cheong SH, Guard CL. Field technique for the resection of the distal interphalangeal joint and proximal resection of the deep digital flexor tendon in cows. Veterinary Record 2007; 160:435–439.
Köstlin RG, Nuss K. Behandlung der eitrigen Klauengelenkentzündung beim Rind durch Gelenkresektion. Ergebnisse. Tierärztliche Praxis, 1988;16:123-131.
Baxter GM, Broome TA, Lakritz JL, et al. Alternatives to digit amputation in cattle. Continuing Education for Veterinarians 1991; 13:1022-1035.
Desrochers A, Anderson DE. Anatomy of the distal limb. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 2001; 17:25–38.
Desrochers A, Anderson DE. Surgical Diseases and Techniques of the Digit. Guy St. Jean, DMV, MSc Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2008; 24: 535–550.
Nuss K. Surgery of the bovine digit. In: Anderson DE, Rings DM, editors. Current Veterinary Therapy 5, Food Animal Practice. St. Louis (MO): Saunders Elsevier; 2009, p. 242–261.
Trent AM, Redic-Kill A. Clinical pharmacology. In: Greenough PR, Weaver AD (eds.). Lameness in Cattle. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1997. p. 56-70.
Anderson DE, Muir WW. Pain Management in Ruminants. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 2005;21(1):19-31.
Starke A, Heppelmann M, Meyer H, et al. Diagnosis & therapy of septic arthritis in cattle. Cattle Practice. 2008; 16:36-43.
Shearer JK, Stock ML, Van Amstel SR, Coetzee JF. Assessment and management of pain associated with lameness in cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 2013;29(1):135-156.
Steiner A, Ossent P, Mathis GA. Die intravenöse Stauungsanästhesie/-antibiose beim Rind-Indikationen, Technik, Komplikationen. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde, 1990;132:227-237.
Klawuhn D, Staufenbiel R. Zur Technik der intravenösen Regionalanästhesie an der Rindergliedmaße. Der Praktische Tierarzt, 2003;84:38-45.
Referanslar
Budras K, Habel RE. Bovine Anatomy. 1st ed. Hannover (Germany): Schlutersche; 2003. p.138.
Fiedler A, Maierl J, Nuss K. Erkrankungen der Klauen und Zehen des Rindes. 1st ed. Stuttgart (Germany): Schattauer; 2004. p. 216.
Desrochers A, St-Jean G, Anderson DE. Use of facilitated ankylosis in the treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle: 12 cases (1987-1992) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1995;206(12):1923-1927.
Desrochers A, St Jean G. Surgical management of digit disorders in cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 1996; 12: 277–298.
Arican M, Erol H, Altan S, et al. The Use of Infrared Thermography in The Early Diagnosis of Septic Arthritis in Calves. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2022; 25(2): 298-307.
Greenough PR, Ferguson JG. Alternatives to amputation. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 1985; 1: 195–203.
Funk KA. Late results of digit amputation in cattle. Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 1977;90:152–156.
Pejsa TG, St Jean G, Hoffsis GF, Musser JM. Digit amputation in cattle: 85 cases (1971-1990). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1993;15;202(6):981-984.
Starke A, Heppelmann M, Beyerbach M, et al. Septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle: comparison of digital amputation and joint resection by solar approach. Veterinary Surgery, 2007; 36:350–359.
Bicalho RC, Cheong SH, Warnick LD, et al. The effect of digit amputation or arthrodesis surgery on culling and milk production in Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 2006; 89:2596–2602.
Arıcan M. Sığır Cerrahi Atlası. Damla Ofset AŞ. Konya. 2017. p. 356-360.
Kofler J, Osova A, Altenbrunner-Martinek B, Burgstaller J. Apical pedal bone necrosis (toe necrosis) in 30 cattle - retrospective evaluation of the treatment methods and outcome. Wiener Tierärztliche Monatsschrift, 2017;104:131-42.
Nuss K, Schwarz A, Ringer S. Lokalanästhesien beim Wiederkäuer [Local anaesthesia in ruminants]. Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere, 2017; 20;45(3):159-173.
Ferguson JG. Surgery of the distal limb. In: Greenough, PR, Weaver AD (eds): Lameness in cattle. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1997. p. 248-261.
Heppelmann M, Kofler J, Meyer H, et al. Advances in surgical treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle – a review. Veterinary Journal, 2009;182(2):162-175.
Kostlin RG, Nuss K. Treatment of the purulent hoof joint inflammation in cattle by joint resection-results. Tierärztliche Praxis, 1998;16(2):123–131.
Greenough PR, MacCallum FJ, Weaver AD. Lameness in cattle. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1981.
Kofler J, Feist M, Starke A, et al. Resection of the distal / proximal interphalangeal joint and digit amputation in 21 breeding bulls – indications, clinical findings and long-term outcome. Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 2007; 120(3-4):156-164.
Zulauf M, Jordan P, Steiner A. Fenestration of the abaxial hoof wall and implantation of gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges for the treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle. Veterinary Record, 2001;149: 516–518.
Heppelmann M, Rehage J, Kofler J, et al. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of the septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle. Veterinary Journal, 2009;179(3):407-416.
Kofler J, Fessl L. Comparison of the methods of amputation through phalanx media versus exarticulation in the proximal interphalangeal joint in cattle. Wiener Tierärztliche Monatsschrift, 1989;76:224-230.
Kofler J. Septic arthritis of the proximal interphalangeal (pastern) joint in cattle— clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic findings and treatment. Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 1995;108:281–289.
Kofler J. Clinical study of toe ulcer and necrosis of the apex of the distal phalanx in 53 cattle. Veterinary Journal, 1999;157: 139–147.
Nuss K, Weaver MP. Resection of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle: an alternative to amputation. Veterinary Record, 1991;128(23):540-543.
Kofler J, Stanek CH. Treatment of complicated septic disorders of the bovine digit, using a combination of surgical therapy and application of Sodium-Ceftiofur. Tierärztliche Praxis, 1998;26(G):314-317.
Kofler J, Martinek B. New surgical approach to the plantar fetlock joint through the digital flexor tendon sheath wall and suspensory ligament apparatus in cases of concurrent septic synovitis in two cattle. Veterinary Journal. 2005;169(3):370-375.
Collick DW. Interdital hyperplasia. In: Greenough PR, (ed). Lameness in Cattle. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Sauders; 1997. p.119–120.
Böttger T. Incidence of interdigital overgrowth in B and W bulls and its relationship to age. Deutsche tierärztliche Wochenschrift, 1962;69:596.
van Amstel SR, Shearer JK. Manual for treatment and control of lameness in cattle. 1st ed. Ames (IA): Blackwell Publishing; 2006. p. 212.
Holzhauer M, Bartels CJ, Dopfer D, et al. Clinical course of digital dermatitis lesions in an endemically infected herd without preventive herd strategies. Veterinary Journal, 2008;177:222–230.
Goonewardene LA, Hand RK. A study of hoof cracks in grazing cattle; association of age, weight and fatness. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 1995;75:25–29.
Clark CR, Petrie L. Fracture toughness of bovine claw horn from cattle with and without vertical fissures. Veterinary Journal, 2007;173:541–547.
Clark CR, Petrie L, Waldner C, et al. Characteristics of the bovine claw associated with the presence of vertical fissures (sandcracks). Canadian Veterinary Journal, 2004;45:585–593.
Campbell JR, Greenough PR, Petrie L. The effects of dietary biotin supplementation on vertical fissures of the claw wall in beef cattle. Canadian Veterinary Journal 2000; 41:690–694.
Bouckaert JV. Lameness in cattle. Nordisk Veterinaermedicine, 1964;16(Suppl. 1):225-240.
Weaver AD. Performing amputation of the bovine digit. Veterinary Medicine US. 1991; 86:1230-1233.
Bicalho RC, Cheong SH, Guard CL. Field technique for the resection of the distal interphalangeal joint and proximal resection of the deep digital flexor tendon in cows. Veterinary Record 2007; 160:435–439.
Köstlin RG, Nuss K. Behandlung der eitrigen Klauengelenkentzündung beim Rind durch Gelenkresektion. Ergebnisse. Tierärztliche Praxis, 1988;16:123-131.
Baxter GM, Broome TA, Lakritz JL, et al. Alternatives to digit amputation in cattle. Continuing Education for Veterinarians 1991; 13:1022-1035.
Desrochers A, Anderson DE. Anatomy of the distal limb. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 2001; 17:25–38.
Desrochers A, Anderson DE. Surgical Diseases and Techniques of the Digit. Guy St. Jean, DMV, MSc Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2008; 24: 535–550.
Nuss K. Surgery of the bovine digit. In: Anderson DE, Rings DM, editors. Current Veterinary Therapy 5, Food Animal Practice. St. Louis (MO): Saunders Elsevier; 2009, p. 242–261.
Trent AM, Redic-Kill A. Clinical pharmacology. In: Greenough PR, Weaver AD (eds.). Lameness in Cattle. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1997. p. 56-70.
Anderson DE, Muir WW. Pain Management in Ruminants. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 2005;21(1):19-31.
Starke A, Heppelmann M, Meyer H, et al. Diagnosis & therapy of septic arthritis in cattle. Cattle Practice. 2008; 16:36-43.
Shearer JK, Stock ML, Van Amstel SR, Coetzee JF. Assessment and management of pain associated with lameness in cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 2013;29(1):135-156.
Steiner A, Ossent P, Mathis GA. Die intravenöse Stauungsanästhesie/-antibiose beim Rind-Indikationen, Technik, Komplikationen. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde, 1990;132:227-237.
Klawuhn D, Staufenbiel R. Zur Technik der intravenösen Regionalanästhesie an der Rindergliedmaße. Der Praktische Tierarzt, 2003;84:38-45.
