Sığırlarda Ayak ve Tırnak Hastalıklarında Kullanılan Anestezi Yöntemleri
Özet
Sığırlarda ayak, parmak ve tırnak bölgesindeki cerrahi işlemler, genellikle lokal anestezi ile güvenli bir şekilde yapılabilmektedir. Bu işlemler arasında artrosentez, parmak amputasyonu, interdigital fibromların çıkarılması ve septik enfeksiyonların tedavisi gibi çeşitli cerrahi girişimler yer alır. Bölgesel intravenöz anestezi (IVRA), bu tür prosedürlerde sıklıkla tercih edilen bir yöntem olup, buzağılarda tenorafi gibi uygulamalarda da kullanılmaktadır. IVRA, ekstremitelerdeki topallığın teşhisinde de etkili bir araçtır. Bu teknikte, intravenöz yol ile bölgesel sinirler bloke edilerek anestezi sağlanır ve saha koşullarında kolayca uygulanabilir. Ayrıca, IVRA, güvenli ve etkili bir yöntem olup, maliyet açısından uygun bir seçenek sunar. Ancak, bu tekniğin bazı dezavantajları da bulunmaktadır. Bunlar arasında lokal anestezik toksisitesi, yetersiz kas gevşemesi, turnike ağrısı ve sınırlı postoperatif analjezi yer alır. Sonuç olarak, IVRA, düşük maliyetli ve pratik bir anestezi seçeneği olmakla birlikte, bu dezavantajların dikkate alınması gerekmektedir.
Surgical procedures involving the foot, digit, and hoof areas in cattle are generally performed safely using local anesthesia. These procedures include various surgical interventions such as arthrocentesis, digit amputation, removal of interdigital fibromas, and treatment of septic infections. Regional intravenous anesthesia (IVRA) is a commonly preferred technique for such procedures and is also used in applications like tenorrhaphy in calves. IVRA is an effective tool for diagnosing lameness in extremities. In this technique, anesthesia is achieved by blocking regional nerves via an intravenous route, and it can be easily applied in field conditions. Furthermore, IVRA is a safe and effective method that offers a cost-effective option. However, there are some disadvantages to this technique, including local anesthetic toxicity, insufficient muscle relaxation, tourniquet pain, and limited postoperative analgesia. As a result, IVRA is a low-cost and practical anesthesia option, but these drawbacks must be considered.
Referanslar
Altan S, Ersöz Kanay B. Ruminantlarda Genel Anestezi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal Veterinary Science Surgery, Special Topics 2015;1(3):36-44.
Weaver AD. Performing amputation of the bovine digit. Veterinary Medicine 1991; 86:1230-1233.
Arıcan M. Sığır Cerrahi Atlası. Damla Ofset AŞ. Konya. 2017. 349-355.
Demirkan I, Demirkan Çevik A. Yangı, yara ve ağrı yönetimi. In; İneklerde Ayak Parmak Hastalıkları ve Tırnak Bakımı. Medipres, Malatya; 2021. p. 96-113.
Skarda R. Techniques of local analgesia in ruminants and swine. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 1986; 2:621–663.
Edwards B. Regional anaesthesia techniques in cattle. In Practice 2001; 23:142–149.
Kognole SM, Kurkure NV, Pawar SP, et al. Intravenous regional anesthesia of fore limb using bupivacaine, pentazocine, ketamine, buprenorphine alone or in combinations in calves. Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 2004; 25(1): 15-17.
Altan S. Anestezi. Elmas M (ed). Koyun-Keçi El Kitabı içinde. 1. Baskı. Konya: Billur Yayınevi; 2013. p.444-446.
Skarda RT. Local and regional anesthesia. In: CE Short, ed. Principles and practices of Veterinary anesthesia, Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1987, p. 91-133
Weaver AD, St Jean G, Steiner A. General consideration and Anesthesia. Bovine Surgery and Lameness. 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing. 2005, p. 22-26.
Shearer JK, van Amstel SR. Functional and corrective claw trimming. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2001; 17(1): 53-72.
Shearer JK, Van Amstel S. Manual of foot care in cattle. Atkinson F (ed), 2nd ed, WI: WD Hoard and Sons Company. 2013
Coetzee JF, Shearer JK, Stock ML, Kleinhenz MD, et al., An Update on the Assessment and Management of Pain Associated with Lameness in Cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2017; 33(2): 389-411.
Shearer JK, Van Amstel SR.Traumatic Lesions of the Sole. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2017; 33(2): 271-281.
Edmondson MA. Local, regional, and spinal anesthesia in ruminants. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2016; 32(3): 535-552.
Numbing NC. Nose to tail. Proceedings from the 39th Annual Convention of AABP, 2006; 39:53–55.
Lumb WV, Jones EW. Veterinary Anesthesia. 2nd ed. Lea and Febiger. 1984.
Muhammad A, Muhammad A. To compare the analgesic effect of combination of 0.5% lignocaine plus Ketorolac in IVRA technique with those of lignocaine 0.5% alone to prevent postoperative pain. Professional Medical Journal, 2012; 19: 710-714.
Referanslar
Altan S, Ersöz Kanay B. Ruminantlarda Genel Anestezi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal Veterinary Science Surgery, Special Topics 2015;1(3):36-44.
Weaver AD. Performing amputation of the bovine digit. Veterinary Medicine 1991; 86:1230-1233.
Arıcan M. Sığır Cerrahi Atlası. Damla Ofset AŞ. Konya. 2017. 349-355.
Demirkan I, Demirkan Çevik A. Yangı, yara ve ağrı yönetimi. In; İneklerde Ayak Parmak Hastalıkları ve Tırnak Bakımı. Medipres, Malatya; 2021. p. 96-113.
Skarda R. Techniques of local analgesia in ruminants and swine. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 1986; 2:621–663.
Edwards B. Regional anaesthesia techniques in cattle. In Practice 2001; 23:142–149.
Kognole SM, Kurkure NV, Pawar SP, et al. Intravenous regional anesthesia of fore limb using bupivacaine, pentazocine, ketamine, buprenorphine alone or in combinations in calves. Indian Journal of Veterinary Surgery, 2004; 25(1): 15-17.
Altan S. Anestezi. Elmas M (ed). Koyun-Keçi El Kitabı içinde. 1. Baskı. Konya: Billur Yayınevi; 2013. p.444-446.
Skarda RT. Local and regional anesthesia. In: CE Short, ed. Principles and practices of Veterinary anesthesia, Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1987, p. 91-133
Weaver AD, St Jean G, Steiner A. General consideration and Anesthesia. Bovine Surgery and Lameness. 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing. 2005, p. 22-26.
Shearer JK, van Amstel SR. Functional and corrective claw trimming. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2001; 17(1): 53-72.
Shearer JK, Van Amstel S. Manual of foot care in cattle. Atkinson F (ed), 2nd ed, WI: WD Hoard and Sons Company. 2013
Coetzee JF, Shearer JK, Stock ML, Kleinhenz MD, et al., An Update on the Assessment and Management of Pain Associated with Lameness in Cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2017; 33(2): 389-411.
Shearer JK, Van Amstel SR.Traumatic Lesions of the Sole. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2017; 33(2): 271-281.
Edmondson MA. Local, regional, and spinal anesthesia in ruminants. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 2016; 32(3): 535-552.
Numbing NC. Nose to tail. Proceedings from the 39th Annual Convention of AABP, 2006; 39:53–55.
Lumb WV, Jones EW. Veterinary Anesthesia. 2nd ed. Lea and Febiger. 1984.
Muhammad A, Muhammad A. To compare the analgesic effect of combination of 0.5% lignocaine plus Ketorolac in IVRA technique with those of lignocaine 0.5% alone to prevent postoperative pain. Professional Medical Journal, 2012; 19: 710-714.
