Sığırlarda Tırnak Kesimi

Muharrem Erol; Eyüp Tolga Akyol

doi:10.37609/akya.3376

Yazarlar

Muharrem Erol

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0780-9067

Eyüp Tolga Akyol

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9775-7557

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37609/akya.3376.c11203

Özet

Topallıklar, çiftlik hayvanı endüstrisinde büyük bir sağlık, refah ve üretim sorunu olarak yıllardan beri artarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Genellikle bu topallıkların nedeni boynuz tırnak lezyonlarıdır. Son zamanlarda geleneksel olarak sadece ciddi topallığa sahip ineklerin tedavi edilmesinden, sürü düzeyinde risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesine ve bunların düzeltilmesine yönelik önleyici yaklaşıma doğru bir geçiş yaşanmıştır. Böylelikle düvelerin korunmasına verilen önem artmış, bu hayvanlarda görülebilecek süt veriminin azalması, doğurganlığın düşmesi ve kesim ihtimali gibi olumsuz etkiler azaltılmıştır.
Topal hayvanların tespiti genellikle süt sağımı gibi uygun zamanlarda çiftlik çalışanları tarafından pasif gözlem yoluyla yapılır. Bu gibi durumlarda, hafif ve orta derecedeki topallıklar genellikle fark edilememekte ve tırnak kesimine 65 güne kadar gecikmeye yol açabilmektedir. Bu gecikme, daha ciddi topallıklar için bir risk faktörüdür. Çiftliklerde eğitilmiş personel tarafından hayvanların düzenli olarak değerlendirilmesi daha iyi bir topallık tespiti sağlamaktadır. Böylelikle, topallığın yaygınlığı ve gerçek insidans eğilimleri doğru bir şekilde izlenebilir ve aynı zamanda hayvanların tedavisi için gerekli eylem planları hızlıca hazırlanıp kolayca uygulanabilir. Gözlenen yüksek topallık oranları, koruyucu tırnak kesiminin geliştirilmesine yol açmıştır. Tırnak kesiminin genel amacı, lezyon gelişimini en aza indirmek ve önlemek için ayak üzerindeki ağırlık dağılımının dengeli bir şekilde sürdürülebilmesi için fazla boynuz tırnak büyümesinin giderilmesidir.

Lameness has been a major health, welfare and production problem in the livestock industry for many years. Usually these lamenesses are caused by horn hoof lesions. Recently, there has been a shift from the traditional treatment of only cows with severe lameness to a preventive approach of assessing and correcting risk factors at herd level. This has increased the emphasis on the protection of heifers, reducing the negative effects that can be seen in these animals, such as reduced milk yield, reduced fertility and the possibility of slaughter.
Detection of lame animals is usually done through passive observation by farm workers at appropriate times, such as during milking. In such cases, mild to moderate lameness often goes unrecognized and can lead to a delay in hoof trimming of up to 65 days. This delay is a risk factor for more severe lameness. Regular assessment of animals by trained staff on farms leads to better lameness detection. In this way, the prevalence of lameness and the actual incidence trends can be accurately monitored and at the same time action plans for the treatment of animals can be quickly prepared and easily implemented. The observed high lameness rates have led to the development of preventive hoof trimming. The overall goal of hoof trimming is to remove excess horn nail growth so that weight distribution on the foot can be maintained in a balanced manner to minimize and prevent lesion development.

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