Arıcılığın Genel Durumu, İşletmelerin Ekonomik Analizi ve Pazarlama Stratejileri
Özet
Bu bölüm, arıcılık sektörünün ekonomik yönlerini tartışmakta ve sektörün mevcut durumuna dair genel bir bakış sunmaktadır. Arıcılık, ekolojik ve ekonomik açıdan önemli bir sektör olarak bal, arı sütü, polen, propolis gibi katma değerli ürünlerle kırsal kalkınmayı desteklerken, sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamaları için kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Bölümde, "Üretim Maliyetleri ve Karlılık" ile "Pazar Fiyatları ve Gelir Modelleri" gibi alt başlıklar altında sektörün ekonomik dinamikleri ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca, pazarlama stratejileri ve tüketici talebi doğrultusunda sektörel fırsatlar ve riskler tartışılmıştır. Çalışma, sektörün daha sürdürülebilir ve rekabetçi bir yapıya kavuşabilmesi için stratejik öneriler sunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Referanslar
Vysochanska M. Economic aspects of the balanced development of the beekeeping industry. Ukr J Appl Econ Technol. 2023;8(2):378–93.
TEPGE. Ürün Raporu: Arıcılık [Online]. Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüs; 2024. Available from https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr [Accessed 8 May 2024]
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization [Online]. 2024. Available from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL [Accessed 8 May 2024]
UN Comtrade. United nations comtrade database [Online]. 2024. Available from https://comtradeplus.un.org/ [Accessed 8 May 2024]
TÜİK. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [Online]. 2024. Available from https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ [Accessed 8 May 2024]
Horo A, Singh JM. An economic analysis of stationary beekeeping in the Northern States of India. Indian J Entomol. 2023;1–5.
Aydın B, Aktürk D, Arsoy D. Economic and efficiency analysis of beekeeping activity in Turkey: Case of Çanakkale Province. Ank Üniversitesi Vet Fakültesi Derg. 2020;67(1):23–32.
Subaşi OS, Uysal O, Seçer A, Öztürk C, Alemdar T, Ören MN. Economic analysis of beekeeping operations and factors affecting production in Mediterranean Region of Turkey. TEAD. 2019;5(2):91–100.
Chis M, Pocol CB. Calculation and analysis of the cost of production in beekeeping. Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj-Napoca Hortic. 2008;65(2).
Mane VA, Mitrannavar DH. Financial analysis of commercial honey production in Uttara Kannada district. Int J Multidiscip Res. 2023;5(5):6.
Varalan A, Çevri̇mli̇ MB. Arıcılık sektöründeki risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi. Vet Hekimler Derneği Derg. 2023;94(2):188–201.
Kadi̇rhanoğullari İH, Karadaş K, Külekçi̇ M. A survey on the determination of honey production cost in Igdır Province. Iğdır Univ J Inst Sci Technol. 2016;6(4):115–115.
Ceyhan V, Emir M, Cinemre HA, Yeninar H, Demiryurek K, Bozoğlu M, et al. Türkiye arıcılığının mevcut durumu, sorunları ve geleceği. Samsun; 2016. 68 p.
Al-Ghamdi AA, Adgaba N, Herab AH, Ansari MJ. Comparative analysis of profitability of honey production using traditional and box hives. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017;24(5):1075–80.
Bixby M, Cunningham M, Foster L, Higo H, Morfin N. British Columbia beekeeping revenues and costs: survey data and profit modeling. J Insect Sci. 2023;23(6):1–12.
Güler D. Türkiye’de illere göre arıcılık etkinliğinin veri zarflama analizi ile belirlenmesi. Uludağ Arıcılık Derg. 11 Nov 2021;21(2):146–56.
Majewski J. Determinants of profitability of beekeeping production in Poland. Ann Pol Assoc Agric Agribus Econ. 2018;xx (5):105–11.
Semerci̇ A, Topal AY. Çanakkale ili arıcılık işletmelerinin sosyo-ekonomik analizi. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilim Derg. 2023;10(2):380–97.
Malisa GG, Yanda PZ. Impacts of climate variability and change on beekeeping productivity. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr. 2016;64(1):49–55.
Şengül Z, Saner G. Assessing the sustainability of beekeeping farms in Turkey: case of the Aegean Region. New Medit. 2023;22(3):85–106.
Saner G. Arıcılıkta sözleşmeli üretim sürdürülebilirliği sağlar mı? Başkent Arıcılık Derg. 2024;4:4–9.
Ceyhan V, Canan S. Türkiye’de arı ürünleri paketleyen işletmelerin sosyal ve ekonomik yapısı. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilim Derg. 2018;22(4):496–501.
Tarekegn K, Haji J, Tegegne B. Factors affecting market supply of honey in Chena district, Kaffa zone, Southern Ethiopia. J Dev Agric Econ. 2018;10(3):99–109.
Borko ZP. Economic analysis on factors affecting quantity supply of honey the case of Damot Gale Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. J Econ Sustain Dev. 2018;9(23):40–7.
Toma T, Tegegn B, Zemedu L. Determinants of honey market supply: the case of Shebedino District, Sidama Zone, Snnpr, Ethiopia. Determinants Honey Mark Supply Case Shebedino Dist Sidama Zone Snnpr Ethiop. 2017;8(19):7–10.
Silva J, Santos MA, Mendonça dos Santos W, Saraiva J, Lopes M, Costa N, et al. The Bee Honey Market in the State of Pará , Brazilian Amazon: An Econometric Model. J Agric Stud. 2022;10(3):28–40.
Besha TB, Fikadu M, Chala H. Marketable supply of honey: evidence from farmers households in Ethiopia. J Agribus Rural Dev. 2022;64(2):161–8.
Tadesse B, Tilahun Y, Woyamo W, Bayu M, Adimasu Z. Factors influencing organic honey production level and marketing: evidence from southwest Ethiopia. Heliyon. 2021;7(9):e07975.
Kiwalaka E. Factors influencing the price of honey; A case of Mvomero District. Int J Econ Bus Manag Res. 2023;07(03):113–20.
Ismaiel S, Kahtani SA, Adgaba N, Al-Ghamdi AA, Zulail A. Factors that affect consumption patterns and market demands for honey in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Food Nutr Sci. 2014;5(17):1725–37.
Gürer B, Akyol E. Tüketicilerin bal tüketiminde gıda güvenilirliği bilincinin incelenmesi: Niğde İli örneği. Turk J Agric - Food Sci Technol. 2018;6(10):1303–10.
Kabakcı D, Çankaya S, Akdeniz G, Derebaşı E. Effects of honey sales performed via television commercials on consumers‘ buying behavior. Turk J Agric - Food Sci Technol. 2020;8(11):2330–3.
Cosmina M, Gallenti G, Marangon F, Troiano S. Attitudes towards honey among Italian consumers: A choice experiment approach. Appetite. 2016;99(1):52–8.
Bilici F. Tüketicilerin doğal bal algısı ve satınalma davranışlarını etkileyen faktörler üzerine bir araştırma. Uludağ Arıcılık Derg. 2024;24(1):93–125.
Dafar A, Turi M. Analysis marketing behavior of honey in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. J Mark Consum Res. 2019;57(0):13.
Şengül Z. Ege bölgesinde arıcılık yapan işletmelerin sürdürülebilirlik yönünden değerlendirilmesi [Doktora tezi]. [Bornova- İzmir]: EÜ. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarım Ekonomisi Anabilim Dalı; 2020.
Ferreira AB, Santos CF dos, Devkota K, Waquil PD. Uncovering untapped potentials: diversifying business may yield profitable earnings, yet it remains an overlooked strategy among beekeepers. Braz J Anim Environ Res. 2023;6(3):2773–90.
Popovici AA, Mărghiţaş LA, Dezmirean D, Ilea M. Advantages of the product diversification strategy in beekeeping farms. Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj-Napoca Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2014;71(2):309–10.
Vinichenko S. Stages and methods of formation of marketing strategy of enterprises in the market of beekeeping products. Bioeconomics Agrar Bus. 2020;11(4).
Doğan N, Adanacıoğlu H. Coğrafi işaretli ürünlerin pazarlama karması (4P) analizi: Gümüşhane İli Kürtün Araköy ekmeği örneği. In XV. IBANESS İktisat, İşletme ve Yönetim Bilimleri Kongreler Serisi – Plovdiv / Bulgaristan; 2021. p. 1071–8.
Chin N, Sowndhararajan K. A review on analytical methods for honey classification, identification and authentication. In: Honey Analysis. 2020. p. 33.
Ballco P, Jaafer F, de Magistris T. Investigating the price effects of honey quality attributes in a European country: Evidence from a hedonic price approach. Agribusiness. 2022;38(4):885–904.
Saner G, Adanacıoğlu H, Uğurluer S, Karapaca S. Branding of bee products in Turkey. In: 45 Apimondia Congress. İstanbul; 2017. p. 80.
Wijayanti N, Mastar S, Nurwahidah S. Marketing strategy of Sumbawa forest honey in Sumbawa Regency. J AGRISEP Kaji Masal Sos Ekon Pertan Dan Agribisnis. 25 Sep 2023;22(2):285–302.
Šedík P, Pocol CB, Ivanišová E. Interdisciplinary approach towards consumer acceptability of flavoured honey: Case of young generation in Slovakia. Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj-Napoca Food Sci Technol. 2020;77(2):57–66.
Vapa-Tankosić J, Ignjatijević S, Kiurski J, Milenković J, Milojević I. Analysis of consumers’ willingness to pay for organic and local honey in Serbia. Sustainability. 2020;12(11):4686.
Mohamadzade Namin S, Yeasmin F, Choi HW, Jung C. DNA-Based Method for Traceability and Authentication of Apis cerana and A. dorsata Honey (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Using the NADH dehydrogenase 2 Gene. Foods. 2022;11(7):928.
Tultabayeva T, Zhumanova U, Tultabayev M, Shoman A. An econometric analysis of price elasticity and demand factors in the global honey and honey-based beverage markets. Econ Ann-XXI. 2023;202(3–4):40–51.
Saner G, Yercan M, Engindeniz S, Karaturhan B, Cukur F. Alternative marketing strategies for honey and other bee products in Turkey. J Agric Food Inf. 2007;8(4):65–74.
Wu S, Fooks JR, Messer KD, Delaney D. Consumer demand for local honey. Appl Econ. 2015;47(41):4377–94.
Lyubenov L. Segmentation of the Markets for Bulgarian Bee Products. Econ Stud J Bulg Acad Sci - Econ Res Inst. 2020;29(6):145–65.
Büyükbaykal GN. Günümüzde tutundurma kavramı ve önemi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Derg Istanb Univ Fac Commun J. 2012;(15).
Widari IGA, Ngurah AKG. Marketing strategy of honey in Sarining Trigona Pertiwi beekeeper Bongkasa Pertiwi Village. SEAS Sustain Environ Agric Sci. 2022;6(2):94–101.
Topal E, Yücel B, Altunoğlu E, Acar AA, Kösoğlu M, Tekintaş FE. Bal ve bombus arısı tozlaşmasının ve doğal tozlayıcıların kirazda meyve tutumu ve kalitesi üzerine etkisi. ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araşt Enstitüsü Derg. 2018;28(2):62–75.
Zhuk A, Sytnikova I, Fylypchuk T, Bahlei O, Shkrobanets O, Danihlík J, et al. Physicochemical quality indicators of honey: An evaluation in a Ukrainian socioecological gradient. Regul Mech Biosyst. 2022;13(4):354–61.
Sobrino‐Gregorio L, Tanleque‐Alberto F, Bataller R, Soto J, Escriche I. Using an automatic pulse voltammetric electronic tongue to verify the origin of honey from Spain, Honduras, and Mozambique. J Sci Food Agric. 2020;100(1):212–7.
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Zaric V, Vasiljevic Z, Nedic N, Petković D. The marketing strategies of Serbian honey producers. Appl Stud Agrobusiness Commer. 2013;7(2):27–31.
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Osés SM, Melgosa L, Pascual-Maté A, Fernández-Muiño MA, Sancho MT. Design of a food product composed of honey and propolis. J Apic Res. 2015;54(5):461–7.
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Çukur F, Çukur T. Muğla ili arıcılık potansiyelinin apiturizm açısından değerlendirilmesi. Tarım Ekon Derg. 2021;27(2):113–22.
Çukur F, Çukur T. Muğla ilinde arı safarinin uygulanabilirliği üzerine bir değerlendirme. J Tour Gastron Stud. 2022;10(2):1040–52.
Baycar A. Yerel ürünlerin müze aracılığıyla turizme kazandırılması: Siirt arıcılık müze önerisi. GSI J Ser Adv Tour Recreat Sports Sci. 2022;5(2):242–54.
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Referanslar
Vysochanska M. Economic aspects of the balanced development of the beekeeping industry. Ukr J Appl Econ Technol. 2023;8(2):378–93.
TEPGE. Ürün Raporu: Arıcılık [Online]. Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüs; 2024. Available from https://arastirma.tarimorman.gov.tr [Accessed 8 May 2024]
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization [Online]. 2024. Available from https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL [Accessed 8 May 2024]
UN Comtrade. United nations comtrade database [Online]. 2024. Available from https://comtradeplus.un.org/ [Accessed 8 May 2024]
TÜİK. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu [Online]. 2024. Available from https://www.tuik.gov.tr/ [Accessed 8 May 2024]
Horo A, Singh JM. An economic analysis of stationary beekeeping in the Northern States of India. Indian J Entomol. 2023;1–5.
Aydın B, Aktürk D, Arsoy D. Economic and efficiency analysis of beekeeping activity in Turkey: Case of Çanakkale Province. Ank Üniversitesi Vet Fakültesi Derg. 2020;67(1):23–32.
Subaşi OS, Uysal O, Seçer A, Öztürk C, Alemdar T, Ören MN. Economic analysis of beekeeping operations and factors affecting production in Mediterranean Region of Turkey. TEAD. 2019;5(2):91–100.
Chis M, Pocol CB. Calculation and analysis of the cost of production in beekeeping. Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj-Napoca Hortic. 2008;65(2).
Mane VA, Mitrannavar DH. Financial analysis of commercial honey production in Uttara Kannada district. Int J Multidiscip Res. 2023;5(5):6.
Varalan A, Çevri̇mli̇ MB. Arıcılık sektöründeki risk faktörlerinin incelenmesi. Vet Hekimler Derneği Derg. 2023;94(2):188–201.
Kadi̇rhanoğullari İH, Karadaş K, Külekçi̇ M. A survey on the determination of honey production cost in Igdır Province. Iğdır Univ J Inst Sci Technol. 2016;6(4):115–115.
Ceyhan V, Emir M, Cinemre HA, Yeninar H, Demiryurek K, Bozoğlu M, et al. Türkiye arıcılığının mevcut durumu, sorunları ve geleceği. Samsun; 2016. 68 p.
Al-Ghamdi AA, Adgaba N, Herab AH, Ansari MJ. Comparative analysis of profitability of honey production using traditional and box hives. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017;24(5):1075–80.
Bixby M, Cunningham M, Foster L, Higo H, Morfin N. British Columbia beekeeping revenues and costs: survey data and profit modeling. J Insect Sci. 2023;23(6):1–12.
Güler D. Türkiye’de illere göre arıcılık etkinliğinin veri zarflama analizi ile belirlenmesi. Uludağ Arıcılık Derg. 11 Nov 2021;21(2):146–56.
Majewski J. Determinants of profitability of beekeeping production in Poland. Ann Pol Assoc Agric Agribus Econ. 2018;xx (5):105–11.
Semerci̇ A, Topal AY. Çanakkale ili arıcılık işletmelerinin sosyo-ekonomik analizi. Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilim Derg. 2023;10(2):380–97.
Malisa GG, Yanda PZ. Impacts of climate variability and change on beekeeping productivity. Bull Anim Health Prod Afr. 2016;64(1):49–55.
Şengül Z, Saner G. Assessing the sustainability of beekeeping farms in Turkey: case of the Aegean Region. New Medit. 2023;22(3):85–106.
Saner G. Arıcılıkta sözleşmeli üretim sürdürülebilirliği sağlar mı? Başkent Arıcılık Derg. 2024;4:4–9.
Ceyhan V, Canan S. Türkiye’de arı ürünleri paketleyen işletmelerin sosyal ve ekonomik yapısı. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilim Derg. 2018;22(4):496–501.
Tarekegn K, Haji J, Tegegne B. Factors affecting market supply of honey in Chena district, Kaffa zone, Southern Ethiopia. J Dev Agric Econ. 2018;10(3):99–109.
Borko ZP. Economic analysis on factors affecting quantity supply of honey the case of Damot Gale Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. J Econ Sustain Dev. 2018;9(23):40–7.
Toma T, Tegegn B, Zemedu L. Determinants of honey market supply: the case of Shebedino District, Sidama Zone, Snnpr, Ethiopia. Determinants Honey Mark Supply Case Shebedino Dist Sidama Zone Snnpr Ethiop. 2017;8(19):7–10.
Silva J, Santos MA, Mendonça dos Santos W, Saraiva J, Lopes M, Costa N, et al. The Bee Honey Market in the State of Pará , Brazilian Amazon: An Econometric Model. J Agric Stud. 2022;10(3):28–40.
Besha TB, Fikadu M, Chala H. Marketable supply of honey: evidence from farmers households in Ethiopia. J Agribus Rural Dev. 2022;64(2):161–8.
Tadesse B, Tilahun Y, Woyamo W, Bayu M, Adimasu Z. Factors influencing organic honey production level and marketing: evidence from southwest Ethiopia. Heliyon. 2021;7(9):e07975.
Kiwalaka E. Factors influencing the price of honey; A case of Mvomero District. Int J Econ Bus Manag Res. 2023;07(03):113–20.
Ismaiel S, Kahtani SA, Adgaba N, Al-Ghamdi AA, Zulail A. Factors that affect consumption patterns and market demands for honey in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Food Nutr Sci. 2014;5(17):1725–37.
Gürer B, Akyol E. Tüketicilerin bal tüketiminde gıda güvenilirliği bilincinin incelenmesi: Niğde İli örneği. Turk J Agric - Food Sci Technol. 2018;6(10):1303–10.
Kabakcı D, Çankaya S, Akdeniz G, Derebaşı E. Effects of honey sales performed via television commercials on consumers‘ buying behavior. Turk J Agric - Food Sci Technol. 2020;8(11):2330–3.
Cosmina M, Gallenti G, Marangon F, Troiano S. Attitudes towards honey among Italian consumers: A choice experiment approach. Appetite. 2016;99(1):52–8.
Bilici F. Tüketicilerin doğal bal algısı ve satınalma davranışlarını etkileyen faktörler üzerine bir araştırma. Uludağ Arıcılık Derg. 2024;24(1):93–125.
Dafar A, Turi M. Analysis marketing behavior of honey in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. J Mark Consum Res. 2019;57(0):13.
Şengül Z. Ege bölgesinde arıcılık yapan işletmelerin sürdürülebilirlik yönünden değerlendirilmesi [Doktora tezi]. [Bornova- İzmir]: EÜ. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Tarım Ekonomisi Anabilim Dalı; 2020.
Ferreira AB, Santos CF dos, Devkota K, Waquil PD. Uncovering untapped potentials: diversifying business may yield profitable earnings, yet it remains an overlooked strategy among beekeepers. Braz J Anim Environ Res. 2023;6(3):2773–90.
Popovici AA, Mărghiţaş LA, Dezmirean D, Ilea M. Advantages of the product diversification strategy in beekeeping farms. Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj-Napoca Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2014;71(2):309–10.
Vinichenko S. Stages and methods of formation of marketing strategy of enterprises in the market of beekeeping products. Bioeconomics Agrar Bus. 2020;11(4).
Doğan N, Adanacıoğlu H. Coğrafi işaretli ürünlerin pazarlama karması (4P) analizi: Gümüşhane İli Kürtün Araköy ekmeği örneği. In XV. IBANESS İktisat, İşletme ve Yönetim Bilimleri Kongreler Serisi – Plovdiv / Bulgaristan; 2021. p. 1071–8.
Chin N, Sowndhararajan K. A review on analytical methods for honey classification, identification and authentication. In: Honey Analysis. 2020. p. 33.
Ballco P, Jaafer F, de Magistris T. Investigating the price effects of honey quality attributes in a European country: Evidence from a hedonic price approach. Agribusiness. 2022;38(4):885–904.
Saner G, Adanacıoğlu H, Uğurluer S, Karapaca S. Branding of bee products in Turkey. In: 45 Apimondia Congress. İstanbul; 2017. p. 80.
Wijayanti N, Mastar S, Nurwahidah S. Marketing strategy of Sumbawa forest honey in Sumbawa Regency. J AGRISEP Kaji Masal Sos Ekon Pertan Dan Agribisnis. 25 Sep 2023;22(2):285–302.
Šedík P, Pocol CB, Ivanišová E. Interdisciplinary approach towards consumer acceptability of flavoured honey: Case of young generation in Slovakia. Bull Univ Agric Sci Vet Med Cluj-Napoca Food Sci Technol. 2020;77(2):57–66.
Vapa-Tankosić J, Ignjatijević S, Kiurski J, Milenković J, Milojević I. Analysis of consumers’ willingness to pay for organic and local honey in Serbia. Sustainability. 2020;12(11):4686.
Mohamadzade Namin S, Yeasmin F, Choi HW, Jung C. DNA-Based Method for Traceability and Authentication of Apis cerana and A. dorsata Honey (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Using the NADH dehydrogenase 2 Gene. Foods. 2022;11(7):928.
Tultabayeva T, Zhumanova U, Tultabayev M, Shoman A. An econometric analysis of price elasticity and demand factors in the global honey and honey-based beverage markets. Econ Ann-XXI. 2023;202(3–4):40–51.
Saner G, Yercan M, Engindeniz S, Karaturhan B, Cukur F. Alternative marketing strategies for honey and other bee products in Turkey. J Agric Food Inf. 2007;8(4):65–74.
Wu S, Fooks JR, Messer KD, Delaney D. Consumer demand for local honey. Appl Econ. 2015;47(41):4377–94.
Lyubenov L. Segmentation of the Markets for Bulgarian Bee Products. Econ Stud J Bulg Acad Sci - Econ Res Inst. 2020;29(6):145–65.
Büyükbaykal GN. Günümüzde tutundurma kavramı ve önemi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Derg Istanb Univ Fac Commun J. 2012;(15).
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