Karar Verme Süreci ve Stratejik Yönetim
Özet
Strateji, insanlık tarihi boyunca örgütlü hareket gerektiren durumlarda ortaya çıkan, amaç ve sonuç odaklı davranışların mantığını ifade eder. Günümüzde strateji, özellikle küreselleşmenin etkisiyle sadece askeri ve ekonomik alanlarda değil, geniş bir bağlamda kullanılmakta, rekabet ve iş birliği kavramlarını yeniden şekillendirmektedir. Stratejik yönetim, işletmelerin küresel dünyada rekabet edebilmek ve değişen çevre koşullarına uyum sağlamak için geliştirdiği uzun vadeli mücadeleleri için eylem planlarını içerir. Bu eylem planları içerisinde verimlilik, etkinlik ve etkililik önemli kavramlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu kavramların altında stratejik karar verme üzerine geliştirilmiş yaklaşımlar incelenmiş ve bilgi toplumu bağlamında güncel gelişmeler de dahil edilerek özetlenmiştir. Rekabetçi üstünlük elde edebilmek için verimli ve etkin kararlar verebilmek ve bu kararlar sonucunda çevre üzerinde etkili rekabet stratejileri oluşturabilmek önemlidir. Etkililiği elde edebilmede sadece rakiplere odaklanmak yeterli olmamakta, çevrenin karmaşasına uyum sağlamak ve sosyal sorumluluk ile sürdürülebilir çevre hedeflerine de bağlı kalmak bir gerekliliktir.
Referanslar
Aguilar, F. J. (1967). Scanning the business environment. New York: Macmillan Co.
Aksu, B. & Aksu, M. V. (2023). Organizational Mnemonics of Gray Collar Workers: Implementing SNA, ABM, and ANT. Paliskiewitcz, J. Varoğlu, D. (Eds.) Management and Organizational Studies on Blue-and Gray-collar Workers: Diversity of Collars (Vol. 8, pp. 105-117). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Andrews, K.R. (1965). The concept of corporate strategy. Homewood, Il.: Dow Jones-Irwin.
Ansoff, H.I. (1965). Corporate strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill
Ansoff, H. I. (1991). Critique of Henry Mintzberg's ‘The design school: reconsidering the basic premises of strategic management’. Strategic Management Journal, 12(6), 449-461.
Ansoff, H. I., & Sullivan, P. A. (1993). Optimizing profitability in turbulent environments: A formula for strategic success. Long Range Planning, 26(5), 11-23.
Barca, M. (2005). Stratejik yönetim düşüncesinin evrimi: Bilimsel bir disiplinin oluşum hikayesi. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1) 7-38.
Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17 (1): 99-120.
Bıçakçı, Y. & Aksu, B. (2022). Turizm ve Seyahat Bürolarında Yapay Zekâ Uygulamaları. Çelik, D. (Der.) Dijital Dönüşümün Turizme Yansımaları. Beta Basım Yayın (sf. 139-153).
Chandler, A. D. (1962). Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the industrial empire. Cambridge Mass, 5(1), 12-48.
Cohen, M. D., March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1972). A garbage can model of organizational choice. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1-25.
Crosby, P. B. (1980). Quality is free: The art of making quality certain. Mentor; Cover Bent edition
Cyert, R., & March, J. (1963). A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Englewood CA
De Holan, P. M. & Phillips, N. (2004). Organizational forgetting as strategy. Strategic Organization, 2(4), 423-433.
Deming, E. (1960). Sample Design in Business Research. John Wiley & Sons.
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160.
Drucker, P. F. (1946). Keynes: Economics as a magical system. The Virginia Quarterly Review, 22(4), 532-546.
Fayol, H. (1918). Administration industrielle et générale : prévoyance, organisation, commandement, coordination, contrôle. H. Dunod et e. Pinat.
Foster, W. M., Coraiola, D. M., Suddaby, R., Kroezen, J., & Chandler, D. (2017). The strategic use of historical narratives: A theoretical framework. Business History, 59(8), 1176-1200.
Greenwood, R., Suddaby, R., & Hinings, C. R. (2002). Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 58-80.
Grimm, C. M., Lee, H., & Smith, K. G. (2005). Strategy as action: Competitive dynamics and competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.
Hamel, G. (1991). Competition for competence and inter-partner learning within international strategic alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 12(S1), 83-103.
Ishikawa, K. (1985). What is total quality control. Prentice Hall Direct
Jarrahi, M. H. (2018). Artificial intelligence and the future of work: Human-AI symbiosis in organizational decision making. Business Horizons, 61(4), 577-586.
Jones, G. R. (2013). Organizational theory, design, and change. Pearson.
Juran, J. (1974). Quality Control Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill
Krakowski, S., Luger, J., & Raisch, S. (2023). Artificial intelligence and the changing sources of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 44(6), 1425-1452.
March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71-87.
Mintzberg, H. (1967). The science of strategy making. IMR; Industrial Management Review (pre-1986), 8(2), 71.
Mintzberg, H. (1972, August). Research on strategy-making. Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 1972, No. 1, pp. 90-94). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
Mintzberg, H. (1991). Learning 1, Planning 0 Reply to Igor Ansoff. Strategic Management Journal, 12(6), 463–466.
Nilsson, N. J. (2014). Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann.
Penrose, (1959). The theory of the growth of the firm. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Pham, Q. V., Nguyen, D. C., Huynh-The, T., Hwang, W. J., & Pathirana, P. N. (2020). Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data for coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: a survey on the state-of-the-arts. IEEE access, 8, 130820-130839.
Porter, M. E. (1980). Industry structure and competitive strategy: Keys to profitability. Financial Analysts Journal, 36(4), 30-41.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Technology and competitive advantage. Journal of Business Strategy, 5(3), 60-78.
Puyt, R. W., Lie, F. B., & Wilderom, C. P. (2023). The origins of SWOT analysis. Long Range Planning, 56(3), 102304.
Raisch, S., & Krakowski, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence and management: The automation–augmentation paradox. Academy of Management Review, 46(1), 192-210.
Raisch, S., & Fomina, K. (2024). Combining human and artificial intelligence: Hybrid problem-solving in organizations. Academy of Management Review, (Yayın öncesi ön izleme)
Rowlinson, M., Booth, C., Clark, P., Delahaye, A., & Procter, S. (2010). Social remembering and organizational memory. Organization Studies, 31(1), 69-87.
Savage, N. 2023. Drug discovery companies are customizing Chat GPT: Here is how. Nature Biotechnology, 41: 585-586.
Senge, P. M. (1997). The fifth discipline. Measuring Business Excellence. 1(3), 46-51.
Simon, H.A. (1956) Rational choice and the structure of the environment, Psychological Review, 63, 129-138.
Stewart, R. F., Benepe, O. J., & Mitchell, A. (1965). Formal planning: The staff planner's role at start up (No. 250). California: Stanford Research Institute.
Suddaby, R., & Greenwood, R. (2005). Rhetorical strategies of legitimacy. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(1), 35-67.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases: Biases in judgments reveal some heuristics of thinking under uncertainty. Science, 185(4157), 1124-1131.
Wadhwani, R. D., Suddaby, R., Mordhorst, M., & Popp, A. (2018). History as organizing: Uses of the past in organization studies. Organization Studies, 39(12), 1663-1683.
Walsh, J. P. & Ungson, G. R. (1991). Organizational memory. Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 57-91.
Whittington, R. (1993). What is strategy and does it matter? London: Routledge
Referanslar
Aguilar, F. J. (1967). Scanning the business environment. New York: Macmillan Co.
Aksu, B. & Aksu, M. V. (2023). Organizational Mnemonics of Gray Collar Workers: Implementing SNA, ABM, and ANT. Paliskiewitcz, J. Varoğlu, D. (Eds.) Management and Organizational Studies on Blue-and Gray-collar Workers: Diversity of Collars (Vol. 8, pp. 105-117). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Andrews, K.R. (1965). The concept of corporate strategy. Homewood, Il.: Dow Jones-Irwin.
Ansoff, H.I. (1965). Corporate strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill
Ansoff, H. I. (1991). Critique of Henry Mintzberg's ‘The design school: reconsidering the basic premises of strategic management’. Strategic Management Journal, 12(6), 449-461.
Ansoff, H. I., & Sullivan, P. A. (1993). Optimizing profitability in turbulent environments: A formula for strategic success. Long Range Planning, 26(5), 11-23.
Barca, M. (2005). Stratejik yönetim düşüncesinin evrimi: Bilimsel bir disiplinin oluşum hikayesi. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1) 7-38.
Barney, J.B. (1991). Firm resources and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17 (1): 99-120.
Bıçakçı, Y. & Aksu, B. (2022). Turizm ve Seyahat Bürolarında Yapay Zekâ Uygulamaları. Çelik, D. (Der.) Dijital Dönüşümün Turizme Yansımaları. Beta Basım Yayın (sf. 139-153).
Chandler, A. D. (1962). Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the industrial empire. Cambridge Mass, 5(1), 12-48.
Cohen, M. D., March, J. G., & Olsen, J. P. (1972). A garbage can model of organizational choice. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1-25.
Crosby, P. B. (1980). Quality is free: The art of making quality certain. Mentor; Cover Bent edition
Cyert, R., & March, J. (1963). A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Englewood CA
De Holan, P. M. & Phillips, N. (2004). Organizational forgetting as strategy. Strategic Organization, 2(4), 423-433.
Deming, E. (1960). Sample Design in Business Research. John Wiley & Sons.
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147-160.
Drucker, P. F. (1946). Keynes: Economics as a magical system. The Virginia Quarterly Review, 22(4), 532-546.
Fayol, H. (1918). Administration industrielle et générale : prévoyance, organisation, commandement, coordination, contrôle. H. Dunod et e. Pinat.
Foster, W. M., Coraiola, D. M., Suddaby, R., Kroezen, J., & Chandler, D. (2017). The strategic use of historical narratives: A theoretical framework. Business History, 59(8), 1176-1200.
Greenwood, R., Suddaby, R., & Hinings, C. R. (2002). Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 58-80.
Grimm, C. M., Lee, H., & Smith, K. G. (2005). Strategy as action: Competitive dynamics and competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.
Hamel, G. (1991). Competition for competence and inter-partner learning within international strategic alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 12(S1), 83-103.
Ishikawa, K. (1985). What is total quality control. Prentice Hall Direct
Jarrahi, M. H. (2018). Artificial intelligence and the future of work: Human-AI symbiosis in organizational decision making. Business Horizons, 61(4), 577-586.
Jones, G. R. (2013). Organizational theory, design, and change. Pearson.
Juran, J. (1974). Quality Control Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill
Krakowski, S., Luger, J., & Raisch, S. (2023). Artificial intelligence and the changing sources of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 44(6), 1425-1452.
March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71-87.
Mintzberg, H. (1967). The science of strategy making. IMR; Industrial Management Review (pre-1986), 8(2), 71.
Mintzberg, H. (1972, August). Research on strategy-making. Academy of Management Proceedings (Vol. 1972, No. 1, pp. 90-94). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
Mintzberg, H. (1991). Learning 1, Planning 0 Reply to Igor Ansoff. Strategic Management Journal, 12(6), 463–466.
Nilsson, N. J. (2014). Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann.
Penrose, (1959). The theory of the growth of the firm. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Pham, Q. V., Nguyen, D. C., Huynh-The, T., Hwang, W. J., & Pathirana, P. N. (2020). Artificial intelligence (AI) and big data for coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: a survey on the state-of-the-arts. IEEE access, 8, 130820-130839.
Porter, M. E. (1980). Industry structure and competitive strategy: Keys to profitability. Financial Analysts Journal, 36(4), 30-41.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Technology and competitive advantage. Journal of Business Strategy, 5(3), 60-78.
Puyt, R. W., Lie, F. B., & Wilderom, C. P. (2023). The origins of SWOT analysis. Long Range Planning, 56(3), 102304.
Raisch, S., & Krakowski, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence and management: The automation–augmentation paradox. Academy of Management Review, 46(1), 192-210.
Raisch, S., & Fomina, K. (2024). Combining human and artificial intelligence: Hybrid problem-solving in organizations. Academy of Management Review, (Yayın öncesi ön izleme)
Rowlinson, M., Booth, C., Clark, P., Delahaye, A., & Procter, S. (2010). Social remembering and organizational memory. Organization Studies, 31(1), 69-87.
Savage, N. 2023. Drug discovery companies are customizing Chat GPT: Here is how. Nature Biotechnology, 41: 585-586.
Senge, P. M. (1997). The fifth discipline. Measuring Business Excellence. 1(3), 46-51.
Simon, H.A. (1956) Rational choice and the structure of the environment, Psychological Review, 63, 129-138.
Stewart, R. F., Benepe, O. J., & Mitchell, A. (1965). Formal planning: The staff planner's role at start up (No. 250). California: Stanford Research Institute.
Suddaby, R., & Greenwood, R. (2005). Rhetorical strategies of legitimacy. Administrative Science Quarterly, 50(1), 35-67.
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases: Biases in judgments reveal some heuristics of thinking under uncertainty. Science, 185(4157), 1124-1131.
Wadhwani, R. D., Suddaby, R., Mordhorst, M., & Popp, A. (2018). History as organizing: Uses of the past in organization studies. Organization Studies, 39(12), 1663-1683.
Walsh, J. P. & Ungson, G. R. (1991). Organizational memory. Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 57-91.
Whittington, R. (1993). What is strategy and does it matter? London: Routledge
