Diş Hekimliğinde Lokal Anestezi Komplikasyonları

Laskin DM. Diagnosis and treatment of complications associated with local anaesthesia. International Dental Journal. 1984;34:232-237.

Daublander M, Muller R, Lipp MD. The incidence of complications associated with local anesthesia in dentistry. Anesthesia Progress. 1997;44:132-141.

Haas DA. An update on local anaesthetics in dentistry. Journal-Canadian Dental Association. 2002;68:546-551.

Becker DE, Reed KL. Local anesthetics: review of pharmacological considerations. Anesthesia Progress. 2012;59:90-101.

Aghababaie ST, Monteiro J, Stratigaki E, et al. Techniques for effective local anaesthetic administration for the paediatric patient. British Dental Journal. 2020;779-785.

Ball IA. Allergic reactions to lignocaine. British Dental Journal. 1999;186:224-226.

Thyssen JP, Menne T, Elberling J, et al. Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics-Update and proposal of evaluation algorithm. Contact Dermatitis. 2008;59:69-78.

Finder RL, Moore PA. Adverse drug reactions to local anesthesia. Dental clinics of North America. 2002;46:747-757.

Bahar E, Yoon H. Lidocaine: A Local Anesthetic, Its Adverse Effects and Management. Medicina. 2021;57:782.

Gell PGH, Coombs RRA. Classification of allergic reactions responsible for clinical hypersensitivity and disease. In: Gell PGH, Coombs RRA, Hachmann PJ, ed. Clinical Aspects of Immunology. 3rd ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific;1975.

Hasegawa M, Fujihara J, Takatsuka H, et al. A case of sudden death after gingival injection of a therapeutic dose of lidocaine: Distribution of lidocaine in whole blood and various tissues. Forensic Toxicology. 2008;26:41-44.

Speca SJ, Boynes SG, Cuddy MA. Allergic reactions to local anesthetic formulations. Dental Clinics of North America. 2010;54:655-664.

Rosenberg MB, Phero JC, Giovannitti JA Jr. Management of allergy and anaphylaxis during oral surgery. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America. 2013;25:401-406.

Milam SB, Giovannitti JA Jr. Local anesthetics in dental practice. Dental Clinics of North America. 1984;28:493-508.

Gall H, Kaufmann R, Kalveram CM. Adverse reactions to local anesthetics: analysis of 197 cases. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1996; 97(4):933-937.

Rood JP. Adverse reaction to dental local anaesthetic injection - ‘allergy’ is not the cause. British Dental Journal. 2000;189(7):380-384.

Findler M, Elad S, Garfunkel A, et al. Syncope in the dental environment. Refu’at Ha-Peh Veha Shinayim. 2002;19:27-33.

Schatz M. Adverse reactions to local anesthetics. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America. 1992;12:585-609.

Becker DE, Reed KL. Essentials of local anesthetic pharmacology. Anesthesia Progress. 2006;53(3):98-108.

Fonseca RJ (Editor). Oral and maxillofacial surgery (volume 1, chapter 15). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. 2018:176-190.

Haas DA, Lennon D. A 21 year retrospective study of reports of paresthesia following local anesthetic administration. Journal Canadian Dental Association. 1995;61:319-330.

Hillerup S. Iatrogenic injury to oral branches of the trigeminal nerve: records of 449 cases. Clinical Oral Investigation. 2006.

Hillerup S, Jensen RH. Nerve injury caused by mandibular block analgesia. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006;35(5):437-443.

Cummings DR, Yamashita DDR, McAndrews JP. Complications of local anesthesia used in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America. 2011;23(3):369-377.

Garisto GA, Gaffen AS, Lawrence HP, et al. Occurrence of paresthesia after dental local anesthetic administration in the United States. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2010;141(7):836-844.

Gaffen AS, Haas DA. Retrospective review of voluntary reports of nonsurgical paresthesia in dentistry. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 2009;75(8):579-585.

Pogrel MA, Kaban LB. Injuries to the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves. Journal of the California Dental Association. 1993;21(1):50-54.

Pogrel MA, Bryan J, Regezi J. Nerve damage associated with inferior alveolar nerve blocks. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1995;126(8):1150-1155.

Pogrel MA, Thamby S. Permanent nerve involvement resulting from inferior alveolar nerve blocks. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2004;131:901-907.

Dower Jr JS. A review of paresthesia in association with administration of local anesthesia. Dentistry Today. 2003;22(2):64-69.

Colin W, Donoff RB. Restoring sensation after trigeminal nerve injury: a review of current management. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1992;123(12):80-85.

Wilburn-Goo D, Lloyd LM. When patients become cyanotic: acquired methemoglobinemia. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1999;130(6):826-881.

Jastak JT, Yagiela JA. Vasoconstrictors and local anesthesia: a review and rationale for use. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1983;107(4):623-630.

Malamed SF. Handbook of local anesthesia, ed 6, St Louis, Mosby, 2014.

Haas DA. Localized complications from local anesthesia. Journal of the California Dental Association. 1998;26(9):677-682.

Knoll-Köhler E, Knöller M, Brandt K, et al. Cardiohemodynamic and serum catecholamine response to surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia: a randomized double-blind parallel group and crossover study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1991;49(9):957-962.

Demiralp AS, Demiralp S. Diş hekimliğinde Anestezi. Genişletilmiş yeni baskı, 2014.

Alpaslan C. Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi-Kanıta dayalı Tanı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Quintessence Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2018.

Tuncay Ü. Dental Anestezi. https://www.scribd.com/document/511842809/2-Dental-Anestezi-Prof-dr-Umi-t-Tuncay. Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2024.

Koçak Berberoğlu H, Gürkan Köseoğlu B, Kasapoğlu Ç. Diş Hekimliğinde lokal anestezi. İstanbul: Quintessence; 2007.

Çalt D, Şehri D, Serper D. Sodyum hipokloritin yanlışlıkla doku içine enjeksiyonu (olgu bildirimi). Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 1996;6(1):99-101.

Topbaş C, Büyükbayram İK, Toker T, Budak N, Sübay RK. (2017). Endodontik sodyum hipoklorit komplikasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi ve bir olgu bildirisi. Aydın Dental Journal. 2017;3(1):35-42.

Moore PA. Adverse drug interactions in dental practice: interactions associated with local anesthetics, sedatives and anxiolytics. Part IV of a series. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1999;130(4):541-554.

Clarkson CW, Hondeghem LM. Mechanism for bupivacaine depression of cardiac conduction: fast block of sodium channels during the action potential with slow recovery from block during diastole. Anesthesiology. 1985;62(4):396-405.

Bacsik CJ, Swift JQ, Hargreaves KM. Toxic systemic reactions of bupivacaine and etidocaine, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 1995;79(1):18-23.

Moore PA, Goodson JM. Risk appraisal of narcotic sedation for children. Anesthesia Progress. 1985;32(4):129-139.

Moore PA. Preventing local anesthesia toxicity. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1992;123(9):60-64.

Tarsitano JJ. Children, drugs and local anesthesia. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1965;70:1153-115849.

California Board of Dental Examiners: Dentist loses license in child death case. Anesthesia Progress. 1979;26:24-25.

Goodson JM, Moore PA. Life-threatening reactions after pedodontic sedation: an assessment of narcotic, local anesthetic, and antiemetic drug interaction. Journal of the American Dental. 1983;107(2):239-245.

Moore MA. Current management of hypertension. American Family Physician. 1985;32(6):129-136.

Guideline on appropriate use of local anesthesia for pediatric dental patients. In Reference manual 2005-2006, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 2005.

Hersh EV, Giannakopoulos H, Levin LM, et al. The pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of high-dose articaine with 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 epinephrine. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2006;137:1562-1571.

Abu-Mostafa N, Al-Showaikhat F, Al-Shubbar F, et al. Hemodynamic changes following injection of local anesthetics with different concentrations of epinephrine during simple tooth extraction: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2015;7:471-476.

Corbett IP, Ramacciato JC, Groppo FC, et al. A survey of local anaesthetic use among general dental practitioners in the UK attending postgraduate courses on pain control. British dental journal. 2005;199:784-787.

Moore PA. Adverse drug reactions associated with local anesthesia. In: Bennett JD, Rosenberg MB, editors. Medical emergencies in dentistry. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2002:447-459.

Lagan G, McLure HA. Review of local anaesthetic agents. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care. 2004;15:247-254.

Senes AM, Calvo AM, Colombini-Ishikiriama BL, et al. Efficacy and safety of 2% and 4% articaine for lower third molar surgery. Journal of Dental Research. 2015;94(9 suppl):166-173.

Renton T, Janjua H, Gallagher JE, et al. UK dentist’s experience of iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injuries in relation to routine dental procedures: why, when and how often? British dental journal. 2013;214(12):633-642.

Santos-Sanz L, Toledano-Serrabona J, Gay-Escoda C. Safety and efficacy of 4% articaine in mandibular third-molar extraction. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2020;151(12):912-923.

Pogrel MA. Permanent nerve damage from inferior alveolar nerve blocks-an update to include articaine. Journal of the California Dental Association. 2007;35:271-273.

Hillerup S, Jensen RH, Ersboll BK. Trigeminal nerve injury associated with injection of local anesthetics: needle lesion or neurotoxicity? The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2011;142:531-539.

Stirrup P, Crean S. Does articaine, rather than lidocaine, increase the risk of nerve damage when administered for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients undergoing local anaesthesia for dental treatment? A mini systematic review of the literature. British dental journal. 2019;226:213-223.

Albalawi F, Lim JC, DiRenzo KV, et al. Effects of lidocaine and articaine on neuronal survival and recovery. Anesthesia Progress. 2018;65:82-88.

Halling F, Neff A, Ziebart T. Local anesthetic usage among dentists: German and international data. Anesthesia Progress. 2021; 68(1):19-25.

D’Eramo EM, Bontempi WJ, Howard JB. Anesthesia morbidity and mortality experience among Massachusetts oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2008;66:2421-2433.

Harn SD, Durham TM. Incidence of lingual nerve trauma and post injection complications in conventional mandibular block anesthesia. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1990;121:519-523.

Kraft TC, Hickel R. Clinical investigation into the incidence of direct damage to the lingual nerve caused by local anesthesia. Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. 1994;22:294-296.

Paxton K, Thome DE. Efficacy of articaine formulations: quantitative reviews. Dental Clinics. 2010;54(4):643-653.

Malamed SF, Gagnon S, Lebalanc D. Articaine hydrochloride: a study of the safety of a new amide local anesthetic. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2001;132:177-185.

Miller PA, Haas DA. Incidence of local anestheticinduced neuropathies in Ontario form 1994-1998. Journal of Dental Research. 2000;79:62.

Laskin DM. Diagnosis and treatment of complications associated with local anaesthesia. International Dental Journal. 1984;34:232-237.

Daublander M, Muller R, Lipp MD. The incidence of complications associated with local anesthesia in dentistry. Anesthesia Progress. 1997;44:132-141.

Haas DA. An update on local anaesthetics in dentistry. Journal-Canadian Dental Association. 2002;68:546-551.

Becker DE, Reed KL. Local anesthetics: review of pharmacological considerations. Anesthesia Progress. 2012;59:90-101.

Aghababaie ST, Monteiro J, Stratigaki E, et al. Techniques for effective local anaesthetic administration for the paediatric patient. British Dental Journal. 2020;779-785.

Ball IA. Allergic reactions to lignocaine. British Dental Journal. 1999;186:224-226.

Thyssen JP, Menne T, Elberling J, et al. Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics-Update and proposal of evaluation algorithm. Contact Dermatitis. 2008;59:69-78.

Finder RL, Moore PA. Adverse drug reactions to local anesthesia. Dental clinics of North America. 2002;46:747-757.

Bahar E, Yoon H. Lidocaine: A Local Anesthetic, Its Adverse Effects and Management. Medicina. 2021;57:782.

Gell PGH, Coombs RRA. Classification of allergic reactions responsible for clinical hypersensitivity and disease. In: Gell PGH, Coombs RRA, Hachmann PJ, ed. Clinical Aspects of Immunology. 3rd ed. Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific;1975.

Hasegawa M, Fujihara J, Takatsuka H, et al. A case of sudden death after gingival injection of a therapeutic dose of lidocaine: Distribution of lidocaine in whole blood and various tissues. Forensic Toxicology. 2008;26:41-44.

Speca SJ, Boynes SG, Cuddy MA. Allergic reactions to local anesthetic formulations. Dental Clinics of North America. 2010;54:655-664.

Rosenberg MB, Phero JC, Giovannitti JA Jr. Management of allergy and anaphylaxis during oral surgery. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America. 2013;25:401-406.

Milam SB, Giovannitti JA Jr. Local anesthetics in dental practice. Dental Clinics of North America. 1984;28:493-508.

Gall H, Kaufmann R, Kalveram CM. Adverse reactions to local anesthetics: analysis of 197 cases. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1996; 97(4):933-937.

Rood JP. Adverse reaction to dental local anaesthetic injection - ‘allergy’ is not the cause. British Dental Journal. 2000;189(7):380-384.

Findler M, Elad S, Garfunkel A, et al. Syncope in the dental environment. Refu’at Ha-Peh Veha Shinayim. 2002;19:27-33.

Schatz M. Adverse reactions to local anesthetics. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America. 1992;12:585-609.

Becker DE, Reed KL. Essentials of local anesthetic pharmacology. Anesthesia Progress. 2006;53(3):98-108.

Fonseca RJ (Editor). Oral and maxillofacial surgery (volume 1, chapter 15). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. 2018:176-190.

Haas DA, Lennon D. A 21 year retrospective study of reports of paresthesia following local anesthetic administration. Journal Canadian Dental Association. 1995;61:319-330.

Hillerup S. Iatrogenic injury to oral branches of the trigeminal nerve: records of 449 cases. Clinical Oral Investigation. 2006.

Hillerup S, Jensen RH. Nerve injury caused by mandibular block analgesia. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006;35(5):437-443.

Cummings DR, Yamashita DDR, McAndrews JP. Complications of local anesthesia used in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America. 2011;23(3):369-377.

Garisto GA, Gaffen AS, Lawrence HP, et al. Occurrence of paresthesia after dental local anesthetic administration in the United States. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2010;141(7):836-844.

Gaffen AS, Haas DA. Retrospective review of voluntary reports of nonsurgical paresthesia in dentistry. Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 2009;75(8):579-585.

Pogrel MA, Kaban LB. Injuries to the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves. Journal of the California Dental Association. 1993;21(1):50-54.

Pogrel MA, Bryan J, Regezi J. Nerve damage associated with inferior alveolar nerve blocks. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1995;126(8):1150-1155.

Pogrel MA, Thamby S. Permanent nerve involvement resulting from inferior alveolar nerve blocks. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2004;131:901-907.

Dower Jr JS. A review of paresthesia in association with administration of local anesthesia. Dentistry Today. 2003;22(2):64-69.

Colin W, Donoff RB. Restoring sensation after trigeminal nerve injury: a review of current management. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1992;123(12):80-85.

Wilburn-Goo D, Lloyd LM. When patients become cyanotic: acquired methemoglobinemia. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1999;130(6):826-881.

Jastak JT, Yagiela JA. Vasoconstrictors and local anesthesia: a review and rationale for use. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1983;107(4):623-630.

Malamed SF. Handbook of local anesthesia, ed 6, St Louis, Mosby, 2014.

Haas DA. Localized complications from local anesthesia. Journal of the California Dental Association. 1998;26(9):677-682.

Knoll-Köhler E, Knöller M, Brandt K, et al. Cardiohemodynamic and serum catecholamine response to surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia: a randomized double-blind parallel group and crossover study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1991;49(9):957-962.

Demiralp AS, Demiralp S. Diş hekimliğinde Anestezi. Genişletilmiş yeni baskı, 2014.

Alpaslan C. Ağız Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi-Kanıta dayalı Tanı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları. Quintessence Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2018.

Tuncay Ü. Dental Anestezi. https://www.scribd.com/document/511842809/2-Dental-Anestezi-Prof-dr-Umi-t-Tuncay. Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2024.

Koçak Berberoğlu H, Gürkan Köseoğlu B, Kasapoğlu Ç. Diş Hekimliğinde lokal anestezi. İstanbul: Quintessence; 2007.

Çalt D, Şehri D, Serper D. Sodyum hipokloritin yanlışlıkla doku içine enjeksiyonu (olgu bildirimi). Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 1996;6(1):99-101.

Topbaş C, Büyükbayram İK, Toker T, Budak N, Sübay RK. (2017). Endodontik sodyum hipoklorit komplikasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi ve bir olgu bildirisi. Aydın Dental Journal. 2017;3(1):35-42.

Moore PA. Adverse drug interactions in dental practice: interactions associated with local anesthetics, sedatives and anxiolytics. Part IV of a series. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1999;130(4):541-554.

Clarkson CW, Hondeghem LM. Mechanism for bupivacaine depression of cardiac conduction: fast block of sodium channels during the action potential with slow recovery from block during diastole. Anesthesiology. 1985;62(4):396-405.

Bacsik CJ, Swift JQ, Hargreaves KM. Toxic systemic reactions of bupivacaine and etidocaine, Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 1995;79(1):18-23.

Moore PA, Goodson JM. Risk appraisal of narcotic sedation for children. Anesthesia Progress. 1985;32(4):129-139.

Moore PA. Preventing local anesthesia toxicity. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1992;123(9):60-64.

Tarsitano JJ. Children, drugs and local anesthesia. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1965;70:1153-115849.

California Board of Dental Examiners: Dentist loses license in child death case. Anesthesia Progress. 1979;26:24-25.

Goodson JM, Moore PA. Life-threatening reactions after pedodontic sedation: an assessment of narcotic, local anesthetic, and antiemetic drug interaction. Journal of the American Dental. 1983;107(2):239-245.

Moore MA. Current management of hypertension. American Family Physician. 1985;32(6):129-136.

Guideline on appropriate use of local anesthesia for pediatric dental patients. In Reference manual 2005-2006, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 2005.

Hersh EV, Giannakopoulos H, Levin LM, et al. The pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of high-dose articaine with 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 epinephrine. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2006;137:1562-1571.

Abu-Mostafa N, Al-Showaikhat F, Al-Shubbar F, et al. Hemodynamic changes following injection of local anesthetics with different concentrations of epinephrine during simple tooth extraction: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry. 2015;7:471-476.

Corbett IP, Ramacciato JC, Groppo FC, et al. A survey of local anaesthetic use among general dental practitioners in the UK attending postgraduate courses on pain control. British dental journal. 2005;199:784-787.

Moore PA. Adverse drug reactions associated with local anesthesia. In: Bennett JD, Rosenberg MB, editors. Medical emergencies in dentistry. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2002:447-459.

Lagan G, McLure HA. Review of local anaesthetic agents. Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care. 2004;15:247-254.

Senes AM, Calvo AM, Colombini-Ishikiriama BL, et al. Efficacy and safety of 2% and 4% articaine for lower third molar surgery. Journal of Dental Research. 2015;94(9 suppl):166-173.

Renton T, Janjua H, Gallagher JE, et al. UK dentist’s experience of iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injuries in relation to routine dental procedures: why, when and how often? British dental journal. 2013;214(12):633-642.

Santos-Sanz L, Toledano-Serrabona J, Gay-Escoda C. Safety and efficacy of 4% articaine in mandibular third-molar extraction. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2020;151(12):912-923.

Pogrel MA. Permanent nerve damage from inferior alveolar nerve blocks-an update to include articaine. Journal of the California Dental Association. 2007;35:271-273.

Hillerup S, Jensen RH, Ersboll BK. Trigeminal nerve injury associated with injection of local anesthetics: needle lesion or neurotoxicity? The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2011;142:531-539.

Stirrup P, Crean S. Does articaine, rather than lidocaine, increase the risk of nerve damage when administered for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients undergoing local anaesthesia for dental treatment? A mini systematic review of the literature. British dental journal. 2019;226:213-223.

Albalawi F, Lim JC, DiRenzo KV, et al. Effects of lidocaine and articaine on neuronal survival and recovery. Anesthesia Progress. 2018;65:82-88.

Halling F, Neff A, Ziebart T. Local anesthetic usage among dentists: German and international data. Anesthesia Progress. 2021; 68(1):19-25.

D’Eramo EM, Bontempi WJ, Howard JB. Anesthesia morbidity and mortality experience among Massachusetts oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2008;66:2421-2433.

Harn SD, Durham TM. Incidence of lingual nerve trauma and post injection complications in conventional mandibular block anesthesia. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 1990;121:519-523.

Kraft TC, Hickel R. Clinical investigation into the incidence of direct damage to the lingual nerve caused by local anesthesia. Journal of Craniomaxillofacial Surgery. 1994;22:294-296.

Paxton K, Thome DE. Efficacy of articaine formulations: quantitative reviews. Dental Clinics. 2010;54(4):643-653.

Malamed SF, Gagnon S, Lebalanc D. Articaine hydrochloride: a study of the safety of a new amide local anesthetic. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2001;132:177-185.

Miller PA, Haas DA. Incidence of local anestheticinduced neuropathies in Ontario form 1994-1998. Journal of Dental Research. 2000;79:62.