Yapay Zekâda Etik: Riskler, İhlaller ve Güncel Tartışma Konuları

Abel, D. MacGlashan, J. and Littman, M. L. (2016). Reinforcement learning as a framework for ethical decision making. The 30th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Technical Report WS-16–02, Feb. 13, 2016, Palo Alto, CA, (pp. 54–61).

Anderson, M., Anderson, S.L. (2007). Machine ethics: creating an ethical intelligent agent. AI Mag. 28(4), 15. Doi: 10.1609/aimag .v28i4 .2065

Asimov, I. (1950). I, robot. New York, NY: Gnome Press

Awad, E., Dsouza, S. Kim, R. (2018). The moral machine experiment. Nature, 563(7729), 59–64. Doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0637-6

Bartneck, C., Lütge, C., Wagner, A., & Welsh, S. (2021). What is ethics? in springer briefs in ethics (pp. 17-26). (Springer Briefs in Ethics). Springer Nature. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-51110-4_3

Berreby, F., Bourgne, G. and Ganascia, J-G. (2018). Event-Based and scenario-based causality for computational ethics. 17th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (AAMAS '18), July 10-15, 2018, Stockholm Sweden, (pp. 147–155).

Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: paths, dangers, strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bringsjord, S., Arkoudas, K. and Bello, P. (July-Aug. 2006). Toward a general logicist methodology for engineering ethically correct robots. IEEE Intelligent Systems, (21),4, 38-44. Doi: 10.1109/MIS.2006.82.

Cerka, P. , Grigiené, J. and Sirbikyté, G. (2015). Liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence. Computer Law & Security Review (CLSR), (31), 376–89.

Chalmers, D. J. (2010). The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis. Journal of Consciousness Studies,17(9–10), 7–65.

Dreyfus, Hubert L. (1972). What computers still can’t do: a critique of artificial reason, second edition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 1992.

Dreyfus, H.L., Dreyfus, S.E. and Athanasiou, T. (1986). Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Etzioni A., Etzioni, O. (2017). Incorporating ethics into artificial intelligence. Journal of Ethics, (21), 403–418. Doi: 10.1007/s10892-017-9252-2

European Commission (2020). WHITE PAPER On Artificial Intelligence -A European approach to excellence and trust, COM(2020) 65. (25/06/2024 tarhinde https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files /commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligencefeb2020_en.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır)

European Parliament, Council of the EU (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). (28/06/2024 tarihinde https:// eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679&from=EN adresinden ulaşılmıştır).

European Parliament (2019). EU guidelines on ethics in artificial intelligence: Context and implementation. (12/07/2024 tarihinde https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/Etudes /BRIE/ 2019/640163/EPRS_BRI(2019)640163_EN.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).

Ganascia, J-G. (2007). Modelling Ethical Rules of Lying with Answer Set Programming. Ethics and Information Technology, (9) 1, 39–47.

High-Level Expert Group on AI (HLEG AI). (2019). Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI [Report / Study]. Brussels: European Commission. (25/07/2024 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai adresinden ulaişılmıştır).

Kant, Immanuel (ed.) (1788). Critique of Practical Reason. New York,: Hackett Publishing Company.

Kleiman-Weiner, M., Saxe, R. and Tenenbaum, J. B. (2017). Learning a common- sense moral theory. Cognition, (167), 107–23.

Kurzweil, R. (1999). The Age of spiritual machines: When computers exceed human intelligence. London: Penguin.

Lighthill, J. (1973). Artificial intelligence: A general survey. Artificial intelligence: A Paper Symposion. London: Science Research Council

Lin, P. & Bekey, G. & Abney, K. (2008). Autonomous military robotics: risk, ethics, and design. George A. Bekey.

Magrani, E. (2019). New perspectives on ethics and the laws of artificial intelligence. Internet Policy Review, 8(3). Doi:10.14763/2019.3.1420

Magrani, E., Silva, P., Viola, R. (2019). Novas perspectivas sobre ética e responsabilidade de inteligência artificial [New perspectives on ethics and responsibility of artificial intelligence]. C. Mulholland, & A. Frazao (Ed.), Inteligência Artificial e Direito: Ética, Regulação e Responsabilidade [Artificial Intelligence and Law: Ethics, Regulation and Responsibility] içinde. São Paulo: RT.

Moor, J. (2006). The Nature, importance, and difficulty of machine ethics. IEEE Intelligent Systems, (21), 18-21. Doi: 10.1109/MIS.2006.80.

Müller, V. C. (2016). Autonomous killer robots are probably good news. E. Di Nucci & F. Santoni de Sio (Ed.), Drones and responsibility: Legal, philosophical and socio-technical perspectives on the use of remotely controlled weapons içinde (pp. 67–81). London: Ashgate.

Müller, V. C. (2021). Ethics of artificial intelligence. Anthony elliott (Ed.), The Routledge Social Science Handbook of AI içinde (122-137). London: Routledge

Nath, R., & Sahu, V. (2017). The Problem of machine ethics in artificial Intelligence. AI & Society, 1–9.

O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction, how big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. New York, NY: Broadway Books.

Özmen, M. C. (2019). Ethics of artificial intelligence: moral responsibility of self-driving cars and sex robots. (Master tezi, Middle East Technical University, Ankara). Erişim adresi: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12623792/index.pdf

Pieper, A. (1999). Etiğe giriş. (Veysel ATAYMAN, Gönül SEZER, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.

Powers, T. M. (2006). Prospects for a kantian machine. IEEE Intelligent Systems, (21) 4, July-Aug. 2006.

Powers, T.M. & Ganascia, JG. (2020). The Ethics of the ethics of AI. In Dubber, M.D., Pasquale, F. & Das, S. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI (Oxford Academic, p.26-51). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ oxfordhb/9780190067397.013.2

Sloman, A., & Croucher, M. (1981). Why robots will have emotions. international joint conference on artificial intelligence, August 24 – 28 1981, Vancouver BC Canada.

Sparrow, R. (2007). Killer robots. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 24(1): 62–77. Doi:10.1111/j.1468-5930.2007.00346.x

Trausan-Matu, S. (2003). Psihologia roboților, G.G. Constandache (Ed.), Oglinda conștiinței içinde (s. 186-196). Bucureşti: Politehnica Press

Trausan-Matu, Stefan. (2020). Ethics in artificial intelligence. International Joural of User-System Interaction, (13), 136-148. Doi: 10.37789/ijusi.2020.13.3.2.

Verbeek, P. (2011). Moralizing technology: understanding and designing the morality of things. Chicago; London: The University of Chicago Press.

Wallach W., Allen C. & Smit I. (2008). Machine morality: Bottom-up and top-down approaches for modeling human moral faculties. AI & Society, 22(4), 565-582.

Yeung, K. and Lodge, M. (2019). Algorithmic regulation: An introduction. Karen Yeung and Martin Lodge (Ed.), Algorithmic Regulation içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Abel, D. MacGlashan, J. and Littman, M. L. (2016). Reinforcement learning as a framework for ethical decision making. The 30th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Technical Report WS-16–02, Feb. 13, 2016, Palo Alto, CA, (pp. 54–61).

Anderson, M., Anderson, S.L. (2007). Machine ethics: creating an ethical intelligent agent. AI Mag. 28(4), 15. Doi: 10.1609/aimag .v28i4 .2065

Asimov, I. (1950). I, robot. New York, NY: Gnome Press

Awad, E., Dsouza, S. Kim, R. (2018). The moral machine experiment. Nature, 563(7729), 59–64. Doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0637-6

Bartneck, C., Lütge, C., Wagner, A., & Welsh, S. (2021). What is ethics? in springer briefs in ethics (pp. 17-26). (Springer Briefs in Ethics). Springer Nature. Doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-51110-4_3

Berreby, F., Bourgne, G. and Ganascia, J-G. (2018). Event-Based and scenario-based causality for computational ethics. 17th international conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (AAMAS '18), July 10-15, 2018, Stockholm Sweden, (pp. 147–155).

Bostrom, N. (2014). Superintelligence: paths, dangers, strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bringsjord, S., Arkoudas, K. and Bello, P. (July-Aug. 2006). Toward a general logicist methodology for engineering ethically correct robots. IEEE Intelligent Systems, (21),4, 38-44. Doi: 10.1109/MIS.2006.82.

Cerka, P. , Grigiené, J. and Sirbikyté, G. (2015). Liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence. Computer Law & Security Review (CLSR), (31), 376–89.

Chalmers, D. J. (2010). The Singularity: A Philosophical Analysis. Journal of Consciousness Studies,17(9–10), 7–65.

Dreyfus, Hubert L. (1972). What computers still can’t do: a critique of artificial reason, second edition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 1992.

Dreyfus, H.L., Dreyfus, S.E. and Athanasiou, T. (1986). Mind over machine: The power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Etzioni A., Etzioni, O. (2017). Incorporating ethics into artificial intelligence. Journal of Ethics, (21), 403–418. Doi: 10.1007/s10892-017-9252-2

European Commission (2020). WHITE PAPER On Artificial Intelligence -A European approach to excellence and trust, COM(2020) 65. (25/06/2024 tarhinde https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files /commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligencefeb2020_en.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır)

European Parliament, Council of the EU (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). (28/06/2024 tarihinde https:// eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679&from=EN adresinden ulaşılmıştır).

European Parliament (2019). EU guidelines on ethics in artificial intelligence: Context and implementation. (12/07/2024 tarihinde https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/Etudes /BRIE/ 2019/640163/EPRS_BRI(2019)640163_EN.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).

Ganascia, J-G. (2007). Modelling Ethical Rules of Lying with Answer Set Programming. Ethics and Information Technology, (9) 1, 39–47.

High-Level Expert Group on AI (HLEG AI). (2019). Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI [Report / Study]. Brussels: European Commission. (25/07/2024 tarihinde https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai adresinden ulaişılmıştır).

Kant, Immanuel (ed.) (1788). Critique of Practical Reason. New York,: Hackett Publishing Company.

Kleiman-Weiner, M., Saxe, R. and Tenenbaum, J. B. (2017). Learning a common- sense moral theory. Cognition, (167), 107–23.

Kurzweil, R. (1999). The Age of spiritual machines: When computers exceed human intelligence. London: Penguin.

Lighthill, J. (1973). Artificial intelligence: A general survey. Artificial intelligence: A Paper Symposion. London: Science Research Council

Lin, P. & Bekey, G. & Abney, K. (2008). Autonomous military robotics: risk, ethics, and design. George A. Bekey.

Magrani, E. (2019). New perspectives on ethics and the laws of artificial intelligence. Internet Policy Review, 8(3). Doi:10.14763/2019.3.1420

Magrani, E., Silva, P., Viola, R. (2019). Novas perspectivas sobre ética e responsabilidade de inteligência artificial [New perspectives on ethics and responsibility of artificial intelligence]. C. Mulholland, & A. Frazao (Ed.), Inteligência Artificial e Direito: Ética, Regulação e Responsabilidade [Artificial Intelligence and Law: Ethics, Regulation and Responsibility] içinde. São Paulo: RT.

Moor, J. (2006). The Nature, importance, and difficulty of machine ethics. IEEE Intelligent Systems, (21), 18-21. Doi: 10.1109/MIS.2006.80.

Müller, V. C. (2016). Autonomous killer robots are probably good news. E. Di Nucci & F. Santoni de Sio (Ed.), Drones and responsibility: Legal, philosophical and socio-technical perspectives on the use of remotely controlled weapons içinde (pp. 67–81). London: Ashgate.

Müller, V. C. (2021). Ethics of artificial intelligence. Anthony elliott (Ed.), The Routledge Social Science Handbook of AI içinde (122-137). London: Routledge

Nath, R., & Sahu, V. (2017). The Problem of machine ethics in artificial Intelligence. AI & Society, 1–9.

O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction, how big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. New York, NY: Broadway Books.

Özmen, M. C. (2019). Ethics of artificial intelligence: moral responsibility of self-driving cars and sex robots. (Master tezi, Middle East Technical University, Ankara). Erişim adresi: https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12623792/index.pdf

Pieper, A. (1999). Etiğe giriş. (Veysel ATAYMAN, Gönül SEZER, Çev. Ed.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.

Powers, T. M. (2006). Prospects for a kantian machine. IEEE Intelligent Systems, (21) 4, July-Aug. 2006.

Powers, T.M. & Ganascia, JG. (2020). The Ethics of the ethics of AI. In Dubber, M.D., Pasquale, F. & Das, S. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI (Oxford Academic, p.26-51). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/ oxfordhb/9780190067397.013.2

Sloman, A., & Croucher, M. (1981). Why robots will have emotions. international joint conference on artificial intelligence, August 24 – 28 1981, Vancouver BC Canada.

Sparrow, R. (2007). Killer robots. Journal of Applied Philosophy, 24(1): 62–77. Doi:10.1111/j.1468-5930.2007.00346.x

Trausan-Matu, S. (2003). Psihologia roboților, G.G. Constandache (Ed.), Oglinda conștiinței içinde (s. 186-196). Bucureşti: Politehnica Press

Trausan-Matu, Stefan. (2020). Ethics in artificial intelligence. International Joural of User-System Interaction, (13), 136-148. Doi: 10.37789/ijusi.2020.13.3.2.

Verbeek, P. (2011). Moralizing technology: understanding and designing the morality of things. Chicago; London: The University of Chicago Press.

Wallach W., Allen C. & Smit I. (2008). Machine morality: Bottom-up and top-down approaches for modeling human moral faculties. AI & Society, 22(4), 565-582.

Yeung, K. and Lodge, M. (2019). Algorithmic regulation: An introduction. Karen Yeung and Martin Lodge (Ed.), Algorithmic Regulation içinde. Oxford: Oxford University Press.