Bal Mumu
Özet
Bal mumu, işçi bal arıları tarafından salgılanan biyolojik polimer özelliğine sahip petek yapımında kullanılan doğal bir maddedir. Bal mumu yapısında yer alan 300’den fazla bileşen ve yaklaşık 50 değişik aroma içeriğinden dolayı kozmetik sektöründe yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca tekstil, boya, gıda endüstrisi, ağaç kalıp işlemlerinde, ahşap koruyucusu, kağıt sanayinde, mum ve heykellerin yapımında da kullanımı söz konusudur. Bal mumunun kalite kontrolü özel bilgi ve deneyime sahip laboratuvarlarda uluslararası standartlara göre yapılmaktadır. Bal mumunda kalıntı problemi olarak iz elementler ile pestisitlerin bulunması tüketici sağlığı açısından risk oluşturmaktadır. Bu bölümde ülkemizde ve dünyada önemli bir arı ürünü olan bal mumu konusuna yer verilmiştir.
Referanslar
Mutlu C, Erbaş M, Tontul SA. Bal ve Diğer Arı Ürünlerinin Bazı Özellikleri ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri. Akademik Gıda. 2017;15(1): 75-83. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.306074
Svecnjak L, Chesson LA, Gallina A, et al. Standard methods for Apis mellifera beeswax research. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2019;58(2): 1-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2019.1571556
Topal E, Ceylan Ö, Kösoğlu M, et al. Bal Mumunun Yapısı, Kullanım Alanları ve Bazı Temel Sorunları. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. 2020;20(2): 209-220. doi: 10.31467/uluaricilik.781259
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Beeswax (E901) as a glazing agent and as carrier for flavours. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food additives, Flavourings, Processing aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC). The EFSA Journal. 2007;615: 1-28.
Bogdanov S. Beeswax: Production, properties composition and control. In: Bogdanov S (ed.) Beeswax Book. Chapter 1. Switzerland: Bee Product Science; 2016. p. 1-19.
Bogdanov S. Beeswax: Uses and Trade. In: Bogdanov S (ed.) The Beeswax Book. Chapter 1. Switzerland: Bee Product Science; 2009. p. 1-16.
TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). Hayvansal üretim istatistikleri 2021. [Online] https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hayvansal-Uretim-Istatistikleri-Aralik-2021-45593 [Accessed: 16th November 2023].
Burucu V. Ürün Raporu ARICILIK. Ankara: Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü (TEPGE), TEPGE Yayın No: 330; 2021. [Online] Arıcılık Ürün Raporu 2021-320 TEPGE.pdf (tarimorman.gov.tr) [Accessed: 16th November 2023].
Hepburn HR. Honeybees and wax, an experimental natural history. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1986.
Nainu F, Masyita A, Bahar MA, et al. Pharmaceutical prospects of bee products: Special focus on anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. Antibiotics. 2021;10: 822. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070822
Hepburn HR, Muerrle T, Radloff SE. The cell bases of honeybee combs. Apidologie. 2007;38 (3): 268-271. doi: 10.1051/apido:2007005
Kutluay H. Bal mumu Nedir, Nasıl ve Nerelerde Kullanılır? [Online] https://www.makaleler.com/balmumu-nedir-nasil-ve-nerelerde-kullanilir [Accessed: 16th November 2023].
Tulloch AP. Beeswax-Composition and analysis. Bee World. 1980;61(2): 47-62.
Jiménez JJ, Bernal JL, del Nozal, MJ, et al. Residues of organic contaminants in beeswax. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2005;107(12): 896-902. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200500284
Council of Europe. European Pharmacopoeia. 8 th Edition. [Online] https://www.webofpharma.com/2021/02/european-pharmacopoeia-8th-edition-pdf.html [Accessed: 16th November 2023].
Bayir Y, Un H, Ugan RA, et al. The effects of Beeswax, Olive oil and Butter impregnated bandage on burn wound healing. Burns. 2019;45(6): 1410-1417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.03.004
Szulc J, Machnowski W, Kowalska S, et al. Beeswax-Modified Textiles: Method of preparation and assessment of antimicrobial properties. Polymers. 2020;12(2): 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12020344
Nasrin TAA, Rahman MA, Arfin MS, et al. Effect of novel coconut oil and beeswax edible coating on postharvest quality of lemon at ambient storage. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2020;2, 100019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2019.100019
Winkler-Moser JK, Anderson J, Byars JA, et al. Evaluation of beeswax, candelilla wax, rice bran wax, and sunflower wax as alternative stabilizers for peanut butter. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2019;96(11): 1235-1248. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12276
Mudannayaka AI, Rajapaksha DSW, Kodithuwakku KAHT. Effect of beeswax, gelatin and aloe vera gel coatings on physical properties and shelf life of chicken eggs stored at 30oC. Journal of World Poultry Research. 2016;6(1): 6-13.
Bommuraj V, Chen Y, Klein H, et al. Pesticide and trace element residues in honey and beeswax combs from Israel in association with human risk assessment and honey adulteration. Food Chemistry. 2019;299: 125123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125123
Collins AM, Pettis JS, Wilbanks R, et al. Performance of honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens reared in beeswax cells impregnated with coumaphos. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2004;43(3): 128-134. doi:10.1080/00218839.2004.11101123
Referanslar
Mutlu C, Erbaş M, Tontul SA. Bal ve Diğer Arı Ürünlerinin Bazı Özellikleri ve İnsan Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri. Akademik Gıda. 2017;15(1): 75-83. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.306074
Svecnjak L, Chesson LA, Gallina A, et al. Standard methods for Apis mellifera beeswax research. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2019;58(2): 1-108. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2019.1571556
Topal E, Ceylan Ö, Kösoğlu M, et al. Bal Mumunun Yapısı, Kullanım Alanları ve Bazı Temel Sorunları. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. 2020;20(2): 209-220. doi: 10.31467/uluaricilik.781259
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). Beeswax (E901) as a glazing agent and as carrier for flavours. Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food additives, Flavourings, Processing aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC). The EFSA Journal. 2007;615: 1-28.
Bogdanov S. Beeswax: Production, properties composition and control. In: Bogdanov S (ed.) Beeswax Book. Chapter 1. Switzerland: Bee Product Science; 2016. p. 1-19.
Bogdanov S. Beeswax: Uses and Trade. In: Bogdanov S (ed.) The Beeswax Book. Chapter 1. Switzerland: Bee Product Science; 2009. p. 1-16.
TÜİK (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu). Hayvansal üretim istatistikleri 2021. [Online] https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hayvansal-Uretim-Istatistikleri-Aralik-2021-45593 [Accessed: 16th November 2023].
Burucu V. Ürün Raporu ARICILIK. Ankara: Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Politika Geliştirme Enstitüsü (TEPGE), TEPGE Yayın No: 330; 2021. [Online] Arıcılık Ürün Raporu 2021-320 TEPGE.pdf (tarimorman.gov.tr) [Accessed: 16th November 2023].
Hepburn HR. Honeybees and wax, an experimental natural history. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1986.
Nainu F, Masyita A, Bahar MA, et al. Pharmaceutical prospects of bee products: Special focus on anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiparasitic properties. Antibiotics. 2021;10: 822. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070822
Hepburn HR, Muerrle T, Radloff SE. The cell bases of honeybee combs. Apidologie. 2007;38 (3): 268-271. doi: 10.1051/apido:2007005
Kutluay H. Bal mumu Nedir, Nasıl ve Nerelerde Kullanılır? [Online] https://www.makaleler.com/balmumu-nedir-nasil-ve-nerelerde-kullanilir [Accessed: 16th November 2023].
Tulloch AP. Beeswax-Composition and analysis. Bee World. 1980;61(2): 47-62.
Jiménez JJ, Bernal JL, del Nozal, MJ, et al. Residues of organic contaminants in beeswax. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2005;107(12): 896-902. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200500284
Council of Europe. European Pharmacopoeia. 8 th Edition. [Online] https://www.webofpharma.com/2021/02/european-pharmacopoeia-8th-edition-pdf.html [Accessed: 16th November 2023].
Bayir Y, Un H, Ugan RA, et al. The effects of Beeswax, Olive oil and Butter impregnated bandage on burn wound healing. Burns. 2019;45(6): 1410-1417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.03.004
Szulc J, Machnowski W, Kowalska S, et al. Beeswax-Modified Textiles: Method of preparation and assessment of antimicrobial properties. Polymers. 2020;12(2): 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12020344
Nasrin TAA, Rahman MA, Arfin MS, et al. Effect of novel coconut oil and beeswax edible coating on postharvest quality of lemon at ambient storage. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. 2020;2, 100019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2019.100019
Winkler-Moser JK, Anderson J, Byars JA, et al. Evaluation of beeswax, candelilla wax, rice bran wax, and sunflower wax as alternative stabilizers for peanut butter. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 2019;96(11): 1235-1248. https://doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12276
Mudannayaka AI, Rajapaksha DSW, Kodithuwakku KAHT. Effect of beeswax, gelatin and aloe vera gel coatings on physical properties and shelf life of chicken eggs stored at 30oC. Journal of World Poultry Research. 2016;6(1): 6-13.
Bommuraj V, Chen Y, Klein H, et al. Pesticide and trace element residues in honey and beeswax combs from Israel in association with human risk assessment and honey adulteration. Food Chemistry. 2019;299: 125123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125123
Collins AM, Pettis JS, Wilbanks R, et al. Performance of honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens reared in beeswax cells impregnated with coumaphos. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2004;43(3): 128-134. doi:10.1080/00218839.2004.11101123
