Propolis

Rojczyk E, Klama-Baryła A, Łabuś W, et al. Historical and modern research on propolis and its application in wound healing and other fields of medicine and contributions by Polish studies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2020; 262, 113159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113159

Ramos AFN, Miranda JD. Propolis: a review of its anti-inflammatory and healing actions. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 2007; 13, 697-710. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992007000400002

Anjum SI, Ullah A, Khan KA, et al. Composition and functional properties of propolis (bee glue): A review. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2019; 26(7), 1695-1703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.013

Martinotti S, Ranzato E. Propolis: a new frontier for wound healing. Burns & trauma. 2015; 3(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41038-015-0010-z

Toreti VC, Sato HH, Pastore GM, et al. Recent progress of propolis for its biological and chemical compositions and its botanical origin. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2013; 697390. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/697390

Kuropatnicki AK, Szliszka E, Krol W. Historical aspects of propolis research in modern times. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2013; 964149. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/964149

Castaldo S, Capasso F. Propolis, an old remedy used in modern medicine. Fitoterapia. 2002; 73, S1-S6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00185-5

Chan GCF, Cheung KW, Sze DMY. The immunomodulatory and anticancer properties of propolis. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology. 2013; 44(3), 262-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-012-8322-2

Wali AF, Mushtaq AHLAM, Rehman MU, et al. Bee propolis (Bee’s glue): A phytochemistry review. Journal of Critical Reviews. 2017; 4, 9-13.

Pobiega K, Kraśniewska K, Gniewosz M. Application of propolis in antimicrobial and antioxidative protection of food quality–A review. Trends in food science & technology. 2019; 83, 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.007

Zulhendri F, Chandrasekaran K, Kowacz M, et al. Antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic properties of propolis: A Review. Foods. 2021; 10(6), 1360. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061360

Irigoiti Y, Navarro A, Yamul D, et al. The use of propolis as a functional food ingredient: A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2021; 115, 297-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.041

Topal E, Karaca Ü. Arıcılık faaliyeti ürün çeşitliliğinde eksik yönlerimiz. Petek. 2017; 20: 22-23.

Borba RS, Klyczek KK, Mogen KL, et al. Seasonal benefits of a natural propolis envelope to honey bee immunity and colony health. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2015; 218(22), 3689-3699. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.127324

Benhanifia M, Soltani A. Biological Activity of Propolis: An Update. 2022. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202203.0009.v1

Aydın L, Doğanay A, Oruç HH, et al. Bal arısı yetiştiriciliği ürünleri hastalıkları. Dora Basım Yayım Dağıtım. 2017; 1, 155-90.

Tsagkarakis AE, Katsikogianni T, Gardikis K, et al. Comparison of Traps Collecting Propolis by Honey Bees. Advances in Entomology. 2017; 5(02), 68. https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2017.52006

Kumova U. Önemli bir arı ürünü: Propolis. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. 2002; 2(2), 10-24.

Kumazawa S, Nakamura J, Murase M, et al. Plant origin of Okinawan propolis: honeybee behavior observation and phytochemical analysis. Naturwissenschaften. 2008; 95(8), 781-786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0383-y

Abdelrazeg S, Hussin H, Salih M, et al. Propolis composition and applications in medicine and health. International Medical Journal. 2020; 25, 1505-1542.

Trusheva B, Trunkova D, Bankova V. Different extraction methods of biologically active components from propolis: a preliminary study. Chemistry Central Journal. 2007; 1(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-1-13

Chandna P, Adlakha VK, Das S, et al. Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM): a review of propolis in dentistry technology. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics. 2014; 4(6), 675-685.

Silici S. Propolis. Petek. 2015; 15, 12-14.

Dezmirean DS, Paşca C, Moise AR, et al. Plant sources responsible for the chemical composition and main bioactive properties of poplar-type propolis. Plants. 2021; 10(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010022

Popova MP, Bankova VS, Bogdanov S, et al. Chemical characteristics of poplar type propolis of different geographic origin. Apidologie. 2007; 38(3), 306-311. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2007013

Kartal M, Kaya S, Kurucu S. GC-MS analysis of propolis samples from two different regions of Turkey. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 2002; 57(9-10), 905-909. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-9-1025

Çelemli ÖG, Sorkun K. The plant choices of honey bees to collect propolis in Tekirdag-Turkey. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry. 2012; 40(1), 45-51.

Sorkun K, Süer B, Salih B. Determination of chemical composition of Turkish propolis. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 2001; 56(7-8), 666-668. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2001-7-828

Silici S, Ünlü M, Vardar-Ünlü G. Antibacterial activity and phytochemical evidence for the plant origin of Turkish propolis from different regions. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2007; 23(12), 1797-1803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-007-9430-7

Velikova M, Bankova V, Sorkun K, et al. Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Propolis from Turkish and Bulgarian Origin. Mellifera. 2001; 1(1).

Mohammadzadeh S, Shariatpanahi M, Hamedi M, et al. Chemical composition, oral toxicity and antimicrobial activity of Iranian propolis. Food chemistry. 2007; 103(4), 1097-1103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.10.006

Chaa S, Boufadi MY, Keddari S, et al. Chemical composition of propolis extract and its effects on epirubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Revista brasileira de farmacognosia. 2019; 29, 294-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2019.01.005

El‐Guendouz S, Lyoussi B, Miguel MG. Insight on propolis from mediterranean countries: Chemical composition, biological activities and application fields. Chemistry & biodiversity. 2019; 16(7), e1900094. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.201900094

Huang Y, Huang Z, Watanabe C, et al. Combined direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) with analytical pyrolysis for characterization of Chinese crude propolis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2019; 137, 227-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.030

Miłek M, Ciszkowicz E, Tomczyk M, et al. The study of chemical profile and antioxidant properties of poplar-type Polish propolis considering local flora diversity in relation to antibacterial and anticancer activities in human breast cancer cells. Molecules. 2022; 27(3), 725. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030725

Ristivojević P, Trifković J, Andrić F, et al. Poplar-type propolis: Chemical composition, botanical origin and biological activity. Natural product communications. 2015; 10(11), 1934578X1501001117.

Sun C, Wu Z, Wang Z, et al. Effect of ethanol/water solvents on phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of Beijing propolis extracts. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015; 595393. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/595393

Kubiliene L, Laugaliene V, Pavilonis A, et al. Alternative preparation of propolis extracts: comparison of their composition and biological activities. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2015; 15(1), 1-7.

Kamatou G, Sandasi M, Tankeu S, et al. Headspace analysis and characterisation of South African propolis volatile compounds using GCxGC-ToF-MS. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 2019; 29(3), 351-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2018.12.002

Bankova VS, de Castro SL, Marcucci MC. Propolis: recent advances in chemistry and plant origin. Apidologie. 2000; 31(1), 3-15. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2000102

Salleh SNAS, Hanapiah NAM, Johari WLW, et al. Analysis of bioactive compounds and chemical composition of Malaysian stingless bee propolis water extracts. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2021; 28(12), 6705-6710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.049

Pasupuleti VR, Sammugam L, Ramesh N, et al. Honey, propolis, and royal jelly: a comprehensive review of their biological actions and health benefits. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2017; 1259510. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1259510

Soós Á, Bódi É, Várallyay S, et al. Mineral content of propolis tinctures in relation to the extraction time and the ethanol content of the extraction solvent. LWT. 2019; 111, 719-726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.090

Lotfy M. Biological activity of bee propolis in health and disease. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2006; 7(1), 22-31.

Eroğlu N, Akkuş S, Yaman M, et al. Amino acid and vitamin content of propolis collected by native caucasican honeybees. Journal of Apicultural Science. 2016; 60(2), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1515/jas-2016-0021

Pereira ADS, Bicalho B, de Aquino Neto FR. Comparison of propolis from Apis mellifera and Tetragonisca angustula. Apidologie. 2003; 34(3), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2003023

Gülçin I, Bursal E, Şehitoğlu MH, et al. Polyphenol contents and antioxidant activity of lyophilized aqueous extract of propolis from Erzurum, Turkey. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2010; 48(8-9), 2227-2238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.053

Šuran J, Cepanec I, Mašek T, et al. Propolis extract and its bioactive compounds-From traditional to modern extraction technologies. Molecules. 2021; 26(10), 2930. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102930

Mani F, Damasceno HCR, Novelli ELB, et al. Propolis: Effect of different concentrations, extracts and intake period on seric biochemical variables. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2006; 105(1-2), 95-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.10.011

Huang S, Zhang CP, Wang K, et al. Recent advances in the chemical composition of propolis. Molecules. 2014; 19(12), 19610-19632. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191219610

Bankova V, Trusheva B, Popova M. Propolis extraction methods: A review. Journal of Apicultural Research. 2021; 60(5), 734-743. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2021.1901426

Cui J, Duan X, Ke L, et al. Extraction, purification, structural character and biological properties of propolis flavonoids: A review. Fitoterapia. 2021; 105106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105106

Viuda‐Martos M, Ruiz‐Navajas Y, Fernández‐López J, et al. Functional properties of honey, propolis, and royal jelly. Journal of food science. 2008; 73(9), R117-R124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00966.x

Khalil ML, Sulaiman SA. The potential role of honey and its polyphenols in preventing heart disease: a review. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 2010; 7(4). https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v7i4.56693

Abubakar MB, Abdullah WZ, Sulaiman SA, et al. A review of molecular mechanisms of the anti-leukemic effects of phenolic compounds in honey. International journal of molecular sciences. 2012; 13(11), 15054-15073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131115054

Mijanur Rahman M, Gan SH, Khalil M. Neurological effects of honey: current and future prospects. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2014; 958721. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/958721

Tutkun E. Propolisin bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirmek amacıyla kullanılması. Petek. 2018; 23, 8-12.

Karacaoğlu M. Propolisin yapısı ve kullanımı. Teknik Arıcılık. 1997; 57, 18-25.

Koc AN, Silici S, Mutlu-Sariguzel F, et al. Antifungal activity of propolis in four different fruit juices. Food Technology and Biotechnology. 2007; 45(1), 57-61.

Sagdic O, Silici S, Yetim H. Fate of Escherichia coli and E. coli O157∶ H7 in apple juice treated with propolis extract. Annals of microbiology. 2007; 57(3), 345-348. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03175071

Yonar ME, Yonar SM, Ural MŞ, et al. Protective role of propolis in chlorpyrifos-induced changes in the haematological parameters and the oxidative/antioxidative status of Cyprinus carpio carpio. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2012; 50(8), 2703-2708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.032

Cam Y, Koç AN, Silici S, et al. Treatment of dermatophytosis in young cattle with propolis and Whitfield's ointment. The Veterinary record. 2009; 165(2), 57. https://doi.org/10.1136/vetrec.165.2.57

Yonar SM, Ural MŞ, Silici S, et al. Malathion-induced changes in the haematological profile, the immune response, and the oxidative/antioxidant status of Cyprinus carpio carpio: Protective role of propolis. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2014; 102, 202-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.007

Arslan S, Yazici AR, Görücü J, et al. Comparison of the effects of Er, Cr: YSGG laser and different cavity disinfection agents on microleakage of current adhesives. Lasers in medical science. 2012; 27(4), 805-811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-011-0980-4

Seven I, Seven PT, Silici S. Effects of dietary Turkish propolis as alternative to antibiotic on growth and laying performances, nutrient digestibility and egg quality in laying hens under heat stress. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire. 2011; 162(4), 186-191.

Gençay Ö, Sorkun K. Propolisin kullanım alanları. Teknik Arıcılık. 2002; 76, 11-14.

Khurshid Z, Naseem M, Zafar MS, et al. Propolis: A natural biomaterial for dental and oral healthcare. Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects. 2017; 11(4), 265.

Jasprica I, Bojic M, Mornar A, et al. Evaluation of antioxidative activity of croatian propolis samples using DPPH· and ABTS·+ stable free radical assays. Molecules. 2007; 12(5), 1006-1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/12051006

Güney F, Yılmaz M. Propolisin kimyasal içeriği ile antibakteriyel, antiviral, antitümör, antifungal ve antioksidan aktivitesi. Arıcılık Araştırma Dergisi. 2013; 10, 25-28.

Matsuno T, Matsumoto Y, Saito M, et al. Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic diterpenoid isomers from propolis. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 1997; 52(9-10), 702-704. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-1997-9-1020

Park Y, Ikegaki M, de Alencar SM, et al. Evaluation of Brazilian propolis by both physicochemical methods and biological activity. Honeybee Science. 2000; 21(2), 85-90. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.20.496

Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Adnyana IK, et al. Hepatoprotective and anti-Helicobacter pylori activities of constituents from Brazilian propolis. Phytomedicine. 2001; 8(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00004

Kujumgiev A, Tsvetkova I, Serkedjieva Y, et al. Antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of propolis of different geographic origin. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 1999; 64(3), 235-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00131-7

Przybyłek I, Karpiński TM. Antibacterial properties of propolis. Molecules. 2019; 24(11), 2047. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24112047

Almuhayawi MS. Propolis as a novel antibacterial agent. Saudi journal of biological sciences. 2020; 27(11), 3079-3086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.016

Alkhaldy A, Edwards CA, Combet E. The urinary phenolic acid profile varies between younger and older adults after a polyphenol-rich meal despite limited differences in in vitro colonic catabolism. European Journal of Nutrition. 2019; 58(3), 1095-1111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-018-1625-1

Nostro A, Cellini L, Bartolomeo SD, et al. Effects of combining extracts (from propolis or Zingiber officinale) with clarithromycin on Helicobacter pylori. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2006; 20(3), 187-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1830

Afrouzan H, Tahghighi A, Zakeri S, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of Iranian propolis. Iranian biomedical journal. 2018; 22(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.22034/ibj.22.1.50

Arıkan HK, Solak HH. Propolis extract-PVA nanocomposites of textile design: antimicrobial effect on gram positive and negative bacterias. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite. 2017; 4(3, Special Issue 1), 218-224.

Peng L, Yang S, Cheng YJ, et al. Antifungal activity and action mode of pinocembrin from propolis against Penicillium italicum. Food Science and Biotechnology. 2012; 21(6), 1533-1539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-012-0204-0

Boisard S, Le Ray AM, Landreau A, et al. Antifungal and antibacterial metabolites from a French poplar type propolis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015; 319240. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/319240

Quiroga EN, Sampietro DA, Soberon JR, et al. Propolis from the northwest of Argentina as a source of antifungal principles. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2006; 101(1), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02904.x.

Ghaly MF, Ezzat SM, Sarhan MM. Use of propolis and ultragriseofulvin to inhibit aflatoxigenic fungi. Folia microbiologica. 1998; 43(2), 156-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02816502

Özcan M. Antifungal properties of propolis. Grasas y aceites. 1999; 50(5), 395-398.

Wagh VD. Propolis: a wonder bees product and its pharmacological potentials. Advances in pharmacological sciences. 2013; 308249. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/308249

Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Hamzeh Pour S, Amani J, et al. The effect of Propolis on inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus growth, aflatoxin production and expression of aflatoxin biosynthesis pathway genes. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering. 2020; 18(1), 297-302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00467-y

Popova M, Trusheva B, Antonova D, et al. The specific chemical profile of Mediterranean propolis from Malta. Food Chemistry. 2011; 126(3), 1431-1435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.11.130

Silici S, Karaman K. Inhibitory effect of propolis on patulin production of Penicillium expansum in apple juice. Journal of food processing and preservation. 2014; 38(3), 1129-1134. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.12072

Moreno MA, Vallejo AM, Ballester AR, et al. Antifungal edible coatings containing Argentinian propolis extract and their application in raspberries. Food Hydrocolloids. 2020; 107, 105973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105973

Meng F, Liu R, Gao M, et al. Pinocembrin attenuates blood–brain barrier injury induced by global cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in rats. Brain Research. 2011; 1391, 93-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2011.03.010

Sforcin JM. Biological properties and therapeutic applications of propolis. Phytotherapy research. 2016; 30(6), 894-905. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5605

Amoros M, Simõs CMO, Girre L, et al. Synergistic effect of flavones and flavonols against herpes simplex virus type 1 in cell culture. Comparison with the antiviral activity of propolis. Journal of Natural Products. 1992; 55(12), 1732-1740. https://doi.org/10.1021/np50090a003

Bachevski D, Damevska K, Simeonovski V, et al. Back to the basics: Propolis and COVID‐19. Dermatologic Therapy. 2020; 33(4), e13780. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13780

Öztürk O, Ünal M, Göktepe ME, et al. Propolis, Coronavirüs’e Karşı İyi Bir Fikir Olmayabilir!. Poster Bildiriler / 19. Ulusal Aile Hekimliği Kongresi. 2020.

Ferreira LDN, Finger PF, Castro CCD, et al. Effect of the ethanolic extract from green propolis on production of antibodies after immunization against canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine coronavirus (CCoV). Brazilian journal of veterinary research and animal Science. 2012; 116-121.

Kurek-Górecka A, Górecki M, Rzepecka-Stojko A, et al. Bee products in dermatology and skin care. Molecules. 2020; 25(3), 556. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030556

Ali AM, Kunugi H. Propolis, bee honey, and their components protect against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): A review of in silico, in vitro, and clinical studies. Molecules. 2021; 26(5), 1232. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051232

Daleprane JB, Abdalla DS. Emerging roles of propolis: antioxidant, cardioprotective, and antiangiogenic actions. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. 2013; 175135. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/175135

Ozdal T, Ceylan FD, Eroglu N, et al. Investigation of antioxidant capacity, bioaccessibility and LC-MS/MS phenolic profile of Turkish propolis. Food Research International. 2019; 122, 528-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.028

Zabaiou N, Fouache A, Trousson A, et al. Biological properties of propolis extracts: Something new from an ancient product. Chemistry and physics of lipids. 2017; 207, 214-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.04.005

Küşümler AS, Çelebi A. Propolis ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri. Akademik Gıda. 2021; 19(1), 89-97. https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.927709

Sforcin JM. Propolis and the immune system: a review. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2007; 113(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.012

Kurek-Górecka A, Rzepecka-Stojko A, Górecki M, et al. Structure and antioxidant activity of polyphenols derived from propolis. Molecules. 2013; 19(1), 78-101. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19010078

Rocha LD, Monteiro MC, Teodoro AJ. Anticancer properties of hydroxycinnamic acids-a review. Cancer Clin Oncol. 2012; 1(2), 109-121. https://doi.org/10.5539/cco.v1n2p109

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Marcucci MC. Propolis: chemical composition, biological properties and therapeutic activity. Apidologie. 1995; 26(2), 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:19950202

Yonar ME, Sağlam N, Yılmaz S. Investigation of Some Immunological Parameters in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Injected Propolis. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology. 2018; 6(11), 1668-1672. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i11.1668-1672.2222

Hegazi AG. Medical importance of bee products. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. 2012; 12(4), 136-146.

Toker H, Özan F, Özdemir H, et al. Dentin hassasiyetinin tedavisinde propolisin etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2008; 25(3), 1-6.

Cicimen V, Maden S, Tutkun E. Effectiveness of gripoli (3% Ethanol extracted propolis, EEP) on upper respiratory tract infections. 45. Apimondia kongresi, apiterapi tebliği, İstanbul. 2017.

Coşkun P, İnci H. Propolisin kimyasal içeriği ile antibakteriyel, antiviral ve antioksidan aktivitesi. ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2020; 4(4), 1053-1070. https://doi.org/10.46291/ISPECJASvol4iss4pp1051-1068

Barroso PR, Lopes-Rocha R, Pereira EMF, et al. Effect of propolis on mast cells in wound healing. Inflammopharmacology. 2012; 20(5), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-011-0105-5

Gao W, Wu J, Wei J, et al. Brazilian green propolis improves immune function in aged mice. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition. 2014; 55(1), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.13-70

Braakhuis A. Evidence on the health benefits of supplemental propolis. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11), 2705. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112705

Woo KJ, Jeong YJ, Inoue H, et al. Chrysin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression through the inhibition of nuclear factor for IL-6 (NF-IL6) DNA-binding activity. FEBS Letters. 2005; 579(3), 705-711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2004.12.048

Kanbur M, Eraslan G, Silici S. Antioxidant effect of propolis against exposure to propetamphos in rats. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2009; 72(3), 909-915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.12.018

Afsharpour F, Javadi M, Hashemipour S, et al. Propolis supplementation improves glycemic and antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Comp. Therapies in Med. 2019; 43, 283-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.03.001

Kang LJ, Lee HB, Bae HJ, et al. Antidiabetic effect of propolis: reduction of expression of glucose-6-phosphatase through inhibition of Y279 and Y216 autophosphorylation of GSK-3α/β in HepG2 cells. Phytotherapy Research. 2010; 24(1),1554-1561. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3147

Batista LLV, Campesatto EA, Assis MLB, et al. Comparative study of topical green and red propolis in the repair of wounds induced in rats. Journal of the Brazilian College of Surgeons. 2012; 39(6), 515-520. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-69912012000600012

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