Yangı ve Yangısal Bozukluklar
Özet
Hayvanlarda yangısal (inflamatuvar) bozukluklar, vücudun uyaranlara karşı verdiği yanıt sonucu ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yangısal süreçler genellikle enfeksiyonlar, travmalar, otoimmün hastalıklar veya alerjik reaksiyonlardan kaynaklanır. İnflamasyon, vücudun kendini koruma mekanizması olarak başlasa da uzun süreli veya kronik hale geldiğinde dokulara zarar verebilir ve farklı sistemlerde ciddi sorunlara yol açabilir. Örneğin, eklem yangısı (artrit) köpeklerde yaygın bir sorundur ve ağrı, şişlik ve hareket kısıtlılığına yol açar. Sindirim sisteminin yangılanması (gastroenterit) ise kusma, ishal ve iştah kaybına neden olabilir. Otoimmün hastalıklarda ise vücudun bağışıklık sistemi kendi sağlıklı dokularını hedef alarak hasara yol açar. Yangısal hastalıkların yönetiminde, nedenin doğru tespiti önemlidir. Tedavi sürecinde antienflamatuvar ilaçlar, bağışıklık baskılayıcılar ve uygun beslenme stratejileri kullanılabilir. Bazı yangısal hastalıklar kronik seyredebilir ve düzenli kontrol gerekebilir. Erken teşhis, tedavi başarısını artırır ve hastanın yaşam kalitesini yükseltir.
Inflammatory disorders in animals are the result of the body's response to stimuli. Inflammatory processes are often caused by infections, trauma, autoimmune diseases or allergic reactions. Although inflammation starts as a self-protection mechanism, when it becomes prolonged or chronic, it can damage tissues and cause serious problems in different systems. For example, inflammation of the joints (arthritis) is a common problem in dogs, causing pain, swelling and limited mobility. Inflammation of the digestive system (gastroenteritis) can cause vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite. In autoimmune diseases, the body's immune system targets its own healthy tissues, causing damage. In the management of inflammatory diseases, it is important to identify the cause correctly. Anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants and appropriate nutritional strategies can be used in the treatment process. Some inflammatory diseases may be chronic and require regular follow-up. Early diagnosis increases treatment success and improves the patient's quality of life.
Referanslar
Brooks, H. General Pathology for Veterinary Nurses. John Wiley & Sons. 2010. p:41-64
Samsar, E. Akın F. Genel Cerrahi Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya, 2003 p:123-137
Görgül OS. (2012). Veteriner Genel Cerrahi Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya, 227-242
College of Veterinary Medicine Cornnel University Wild Health Lab. Abscesses 2021. (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://cwhl.vet.cornell.edu/disease/abscesses#collapse19 adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Williams, K., Downing, R., Abscesses in Dogs. 2023. (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/abscesses-in-dogs# adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Australian Livestock Export Corporation Limited., Abscess 2024. 16/09/2024 tarihinde http://www.veterinaryhandbook.com.au/Diseases.aspx?diseasenameid=12#:~:text=Clinical%20Signs%20and%20Diagnosis,the%20ear%20are%20probably%20abscesses, adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Barnes, C., Weir, C., Downing, R. Abscesses in Cats, 2023. (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/abscesses-in-cats adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Malone, E. Abscesses, 2023. (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://open.lib.umn.edu/largeanimalsurgery/chapter/abscesses/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Williams, K., Hunter, T., Stoewen, D. Cysts, 2023. (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/cysts#:~:text=Dermoid%20cysts%20along%20the%20midline,Ridgebacks%20and%20Kerry%20Blue%20Terriers adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Stelmann, U. J. P., da Silva, A. A., De Souza, B. G., De Oliveira, G. F., De Mello, E. F. R. B., De Souza, G. C. J., ... & Hess, T. M. Dermoid cyst in sheep-a case report. Rev Bras Med Vet, 2012. 34, 133-136.
Russo, M., England, G. C., Catone, G., & Marino, G. Imaging of canine neoplastic reproductive disorders. Animals, 2021. 11(5), 1213. Doi:10.3390/ani11051213
Meomartino, L., Greco, A., Di Giancamillo, M., Brunetti, A., & Gnudi, G. Imaging techniques in veterinary medicine. Part I: radiography and ultrasonography. European Journal of Radiology Open, 2021. 8, 100382. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejro.2021.100382
Greco, A., Meomartino, L., Gnudi, G., Brunetti, A., & Di Giancamillo, M. Imaging techniques in veterinary medicine. Part II: Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine. European Journal of Radiology Open, 2023. 10, Doi: 100467. 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100467
Özaydın, İ. Veteriner Genel Cerrahi Nobel Kitabevi, İstanbul. 2023. 681-686
Khuly, P. (2024). Edema, (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://www.embracepetinsurance.com/health/edema adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Schaer, M., Gaschen, F., & Walton, S. (Eds.). (2022). Clinical medicine of the dog and cat. CRC Press. p:56-59
Yıldırım S, (2021). Veteriner Genel Patoloji, Gangren ve Nekroz, Atatürk Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayınları Erzurum. s36-53
AJ Worth , N Marshall & KG Thompson. Necrotising fasciitis associated with Escherichia coli in a dog, New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2005. p:53:4, 257-260, Doi: 10.1080/00480169.2005.36556
Berube DE, Whelan MF, Tater KC, Bracker KE. Fournier's gangrene in a cat. Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care. 2010 Feb;20(1) p:148-54. Doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00453.x
Lee JJ, Park HM, Kim JH. Fournier’s gangrene associated with chronic kidney disease in a dog. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 2016. Oct;57(10):1057.
Sacco SC, Ortega J, Navarro MA, Fresneda KC, Anderson M, Woods LW, Moore J, Uzal FA. Clostridium sordellii–associated gas gangrene in 8 horses, 1998–2019. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation. 2020 Mar;32(2) p:246-51. Doi:10.1177/1040638719877844
Junior CA, Silva RO, Lobato FC, Navarro MA, Uzal FA. Gas gangrene in mammals: a review. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2020 Mar;32(2) p:175-83. Doi:10.1177/1040638720905830
Casey K, Dickinson A. Suspected symmetrical peripheral gangrene in a cat. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports. 2019 Jun;5(1) Doi:2055116919855539.
Wilson CR. Feline gangrenous mastitis. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 2013 Mar;54(3) p:292.
Jones ME, Daoust PY. A syndrome of ischemic leg necrosis in northern gannets (Morus bassanus). The Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 2021 Oct 1;57(4) p:865-873.
Semsarian C: Cold exposure, frostbite and acute cerebral infarction. Aust NZ J Med 24 p:217, 1994. Doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-20-00230
Pelton, J. A., Barrington, G. M., Callan, R. J., & Parish, S. M. (2000). Frostbite in calves. Pract Vet, 22, S136-S141.
Junila J, Waris T, Kaarela O, Hirvonen J: Enzyme histochemical reactions at the demarcation line in frostbite: An experimental study in rabbits. Int J Exp Path 73 p:313-323, 1992.
Pulla RJ, Pickard LJ, Carnett TS: Frostbite: An overview with case presentations. J Foot and Ankle Surg 33(1) 1994. p:53-63,
Fossum, T. W. (2018). Small Animal Surgery-Inkling Enhanced E-Book: Small Animal Surgery E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. P:90-278
Ueda G, Tackeoa M: Microcirculatory responses during frost injury in rabbit ear, in Tsuchiya M (ed): Microcirculatory Annual. Tokyo, Nihon-Igakukan, 1991, p:177-178.
Ferguson DC, Hoenig M: Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and steroid synthesis inhibitors, in Adams HR (ed): Veterinary Pharamcology and Therapeutics, 7th Edition. Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1995, p:622-643.
Robson MC, DelBeccaro EJ, Heggers JP, et al: Increasing dermal perfusion after burning by decreasing thromboxane production. J Trauma 1980.20 p:722-725,
Cera LM, Heggers JP, Robson MC, Hagstrom WJ: The therapeutic efficacy of aloe vera cream (Dermaide Aloe) in thermal injuries: Two case reports. J Am Animal Hosp Assoc 1980.16 p:768-772,
Olson DP, South PJ, Hendrix K: Hematologic values in hypothermic and rewarmed calves. Am J Vet Res 198344 p:572-576,.
Olson DP, South PJ Hendrix K: Cardiovascular and shivering responses in hypothermic and rewarmed calves. Am J Vet Res 1983.44 p:969-974,
Adams HR: Physiologic, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic implications for endogenous nitric oxide. JAVMA 1996.209(7) p:1297-1302,
Mullally C, Carey K, Seshadri R: Use of a nanocrystalline silver dressing and vacuum-assisted closure in a severely burned dog, J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2010. 20 p:456, Doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2010.00564.x
Wang XQ, Kravchuk O, Kimble RM: A retrospective review of burn dressings on a porcine burn model, Burns 2010. 36 p:680, Doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.200
Khorasani G, Hosseinimehr SJ, Azadbakht M, et al: Aloe versus silver sulfadiazine creams for second-degree burns: a randomized controlled study, Surg Today, 2009. 39 p:587. Doi: 10.1007/s00595-008-3944-y
Gravante G, Montone A: A retrospective analysis of ambulatory burn patients: focus on wound dressings and healing times, Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2010. 92 p:118,
Opasanon S, Muangman P, Namviriyachote N: Clinical effectiveness of alginate silver dressing in outpatient management of partial-thickness burns, Int Wound 2010. J 7 p:467,
Swaim SF: Surgery of traumatized skin: management and reconstruction in the dog and cat, Philadelphia, 1980, WB Saunders. (Tablo kaynak)
Lewis S. Effects of heat on canine and feline. ISU Vet 1976;38 p:117-121
Jardine, D. S. (2007). Heat illness and heat stroke. Pediatrics in Review, 28(7), p:249-258. Doi:10.1542/pir.28-7-249
Hemmelgarn C, Gannon K. Heatstroke: clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2013 Jul;35(7):E3.
Gordon, L. E. (2017). Hyperthermia and Heatstroke in the Working Canine. USAR Veterinary Group: Beverly, MA, USA.
Referanslar
Brooks, H. General Pathology for Veterinary Nurses. John Wiley & Sons. 2010. p:41-64
Samsar, E. Akın F. Genel Cerrahi Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya, 2003 p:123-137
Görgül OS. (2012). Veteriner Genel Cerrahi Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya, 227-242
College of Veterinary Medicine Cornnel University Wild Health Lab. Abscesses 2021. (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://cwhl.vet.cornell.edu/disease/abscesses#collapse19 adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Williams, K., Downing, R., Abscesses in Dogs. 2023. (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/abscesses-in-dogs# adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Australian Livestock Export Corporation Limited., Abscess 2024. 16/09/2024 tarihinde http://www.veterinaryhandbook.com.au/Diseases.aspx?diseasenameid=12#:~:text=Clinical%20Signs%20and%20Diagnosis,the%20ear%20are%20probably%20abscesses, adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Barnes, C., Weir, C., Downing, R. Abscesses in Cats, 2023. (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/abscesses-in-cats adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Malone, E. Abscesses, 2023. (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://open.lib.umn.edu/largeanimalsurgery/chapter/abscesses/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Williams, K., Hunter, T., Stoewen, D. Cysts, 2023. (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/cysts#:~:text=Dermoid%20cysts%20along%20the%20midline,Ridgebacks%20and%20Kerry%20Blue%20Terriers adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Stelmann, U. J. P., da Silva, A. A., De Souza, B. G., De Oliveira, G. F., De Mello, E. F. R. B., De Souza, G. C. J., ... & Hess, T. M. Dermoid cyst in sheep-a case report. Rev Bras Med Vet, 2012. 34, 133-136.
Russo, M., England, G. C., Catone, G., & Marino, G. Imaging of canine neoplastic reproductive disorders. Animals, 2021. 11(5), 1213. Doi:10.3390/ani11051213
Meomartino, L., Greco, A., Di Giancamillo, M., Brunetti, A., & Gnudi, G. Imaging techniques in veterinary medicine. Part I: radiography and ultrasonography. European Journal of Radiology Open, 2021. 8, 100382. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejro.2021.100382
Greco, A., Meomartino, L., Gnudi, G., Brunetti, A., & Di Giancamillo, M. Imaging techniques in veterinary medicine. Part II: Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine. European Journal of Radiology Open, 2023. 10, Doi: 100467. 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100467
Özaydın, İ. Veteriner Genel Cerrahi Nobel Kitabevi, İstanbul. 2023. 681-686
Khuly, P. (2024). Edema, (16/09/2024 tarihinde https://www.embracepetinsurance.com/health/edema adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Schaer, M., Gaschen, F., & Walton, S. (Eds.). (2022). Clinical medicine of the dog and cat. CRC Press. p:56-59
Yıldırım S, (2021). Veteriner Genel Patoloji, Gangren ve Nekroz, Atatürk Üniversitesi Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayınları Erzurum. s36-53
AJ Worth , N Marshall & KG Thompson. Necrotising fasciitis associated with Escherichia coli in a dog, New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 2005. p:53:4, 257-260, Doi: 10.1080/00480169.2005.36556
Berube DE, Whelan MF, Tater KC, Bracker KE. Fournier's gangrene in a cat. Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care. 2010 Feb;20(1) p:148-54. Doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00453.x
Lee JJ, Park HM, Kim JH. Fournier’s gangrene associated with chronic kidney disease in a dog. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 2016. Oct;57(10):1057.
Sacco SC, Ortega J, Navarro MA, Fresneda KC, Anderson M, Woods LW, Moore J, Uzal FA. Clostridium sordellii–associated gas gangrene in 8 horses, 1998–2019. Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation. 2020 Mar;32(2) p:246-51. Doi:10.1177/1040638719877844
Junior CA, Silva RO, Lobato FC, Navarro MA, Uzal FA. Gas gangrene in mammals: a review. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2020 Mar;32(2) p:175-83. Doi:10.1177/1040638720905830
Casey K, Dickinson A. Suspected symmetrical peripheral gangrene in a cat. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports. 2019 Jun;5(1) Doi:2055116919855539.
Wilson CR. Feline gangrenous mastitis. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 2013 Mar;54(3) p:292.
Jones ME, Daoust PY. A syndrome of ischemic leg necrosis in northern gannets (Morus bassanus). The Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 2021 Oct 1;57(4) p:865-873.
Semsarian C: Cold exposure, frostbite and acute cerebral infarction. Aust NZ J Med 24 p:217, 1994. Doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-20-00230
Pelton, J. A., Barrington, G. M., Callan, R. J., & Parish, S. M. (2000). Frostbite in calves. Pract Vet, 22, S136-S141.
Junila J, Waris T, Kaarela O, Hirvonen J: Enzyme histochemical reactions at the demarcation line in frostbite: An experimental study in rabbits. Int J Exp Path 73 p:313-323, 1992.
Pulla RJ, Pickard LJ, Carnett TS: Frostbite: An overview with case presentations. J Foot and Ankle Surg 33(1) 1994. p:53-63,
Fossum, T. W. (2018). Small Animal Surgery-Inkling Enhanced E-Book: Small Animal Surgery E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. P:90-278
Ueda G, Tackeoa M: Microcirculatory responses during frost injury in rabbit ear, in Tsuchiya M (ed): Microcirculatory Annual. Tokyo, Nihon-Igakukan, 1991, p:177-178.
Ferguson DC, Hoenig M: Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and steroid synthesis inhibitors, in Adams HR (ed): Veterinary Pharamcology and Therapeutics, 7th Edition. Ames, Iowa State University Press, 1995, p:622-643.
Robson MC, DelBeccaro EJ, Heggers JP, et al: Increasing dermal perfusion after burning by decreasing thromboxane production. J Trauma 1980.20 p:722-725,
Cera LM, Heggers JP, Robson MC, Hagstrom WJ: The therapeutic efficacy of aloe vera cream (Dermaide Aloe) in thermal injuries: Two case reports. J Am Animal Hosp Assoc 1980.16 p:768-772,
Olson DP, South PJ, Hendrix K: Hematologic values in hypothermic and rewarmed calves. Am J Vet Res 198344 p:572-576,.
Olson DP, South PJ Hendrix K: Cardiovascular and shivering responses in hypothermic and rewarmed calves. Am J Vet Res 1983.44 p:969-974,
Adams HR: Physiologic, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic implications for endogenous nitric oxide. JAVMA 1996.209(7) p:1297-1302,
Mullally C, Carey K, Seshadri R: Use of a nanocrystalline silver dressing and vacuum-assisted closure in a severely burned dog, J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2010. 20 p:456, Doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2010.00564.x
Wang XQ, Kravchuk O, Kimble RM: A retrospective review of burn dressings on a porcine burn model, Burns 2010. 36 p:680, Doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.200
Khorasani G, Hosseinimehr SJ, Azadbakht M, et al: Aloe versus silver sulfadiazine creams for second-degree burns: a randomized controlled study, Surg Today, 2009. 39 p:587. Doi: 10.1007/s00595-008-3944-y
Gravante G, Montone A: A retrospective analysis of ambulatory burn patients: focus on wound dressings and healing times, Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2010. 92 p:118,
Opasanon S, Muangman P, Namviriyachote N: Clinical effectiveness of alginate silver dressing in outpatient management of partial-thickness burns, Int Wound 2010. J 7 p:467,
Swaim SF: Surgery of traumatized skin: management and reconstruction in the dog and cat, Philadelphia, 1980, WB Saunders. (Tablo kaynak)
Lewis S. Effects of heat on canine and feline. ISU Vet 1976;38 p:117-121
Jardine, D. S. (2007). Heat illness and heat stroke. Pediatrics in Review, 28(7), p:249-258. Doi:10.1542/pir.28-7-249
Hemmelgarn C, Gannon K. Heatstroke: clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 2013 Jul;35(7):E3.
Gordon, L. E. (2017). Hyperthermia and Heatstroke in the Working Canine. USAR Veterinary Group: Beverly, MA, USA.
