Enjeksiyon, Ensizyon, Punksiyon, Dikiş Gereçleri ve Dikiş Yöntemleri
Özet
Bu bölümde, enjeksiyon, ensizyon, punksiyon ve cerrahi dikiş yöntemleri ele alınmaktadır. Veteriner hekimlikte enjeksiyonlar, ilaçların veya serumların hayvana doğru bir şekilde verilmesi amacıyla çeşitli yollarla uygulanır. Bu yollar arasında intravenöz, intramusküler ve deri altı enjeksiyonlar öne çıkar. Enjeksiyon noktalarının doğru seçimi, tedavi etkinliği için kritik öneme sahiptir. Ayrıca, cerrahi dikişler, yaraların iyileşmesini hızlandırarak enfeksiyon riskini azaltır. Doğru dikiş malzemeleri ve teknikleri kullanılarak cerrahi müdahaleler hayvanların sağlığını iyileştirmeye yardımcı olur.
In this chapter, injection, incision, puncture and surgical suturing methods are discussed. In veterinary medicine, injections are administered by various routes for the correct administration of drugs or serums to the animal. Among these methods, intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injections stand out. The correct selection of injection points is critical for treatment efficacy. In addition, surgical sutures reduce the risk of infection by accelerating the healing of wounds. Surgical interventions using the correct suturing materials and techniques help to improve the health of animals.
Referanslar
Langebæk R, Eika B, Jensen AL, et al. Anxiety in veterinary surgical students: A quantitative study. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2012, 39(4): 331-340. doi: 10.3138/jvme.1111-111R1
Davis MH, Ponnamperuma, GG, McAleer, S, et al. The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) as a determinant of veterinary clinical skills. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2006: 33(4): 578- 587. doi: 10.3138/jvme.33.4.578
Hodges BD. The objective structured clinical examination: Three decades of development. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2006: 33(4): 571-577. doi: 10.3138/jvme.33.4.571
Lidiane JS., Carolina TC, Matheus BC, et al. Design and validation of a simulator for feline cephalic vein cannulation—a pilot study. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2021: 48(3): 276-280.
Hobbs KJ, Johnson PJ, Johnson ME, et al. Wallace. Use of a jugular vein model for the instruction of equine intravenous catheter placement by third‐and fourth‐year veterinary students. Equine Veterinary Education. 2021: 33(5), 249-254.
Julie AW, John JD, Undine C, et al. Development and validation of a model for training equine phlebotomy and ıntramuscular ınjection skills. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2016: 43(3), 235-242.
Engel E, Haussler KK, Erb HN, How to inject the sacroiliac joint region in horses. American Association of Equine Practitioners. 2002:48, 257-260.
Chris WF, Allison M, Joint ınjection techniques and ındications. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2022: 52(4), 959-966. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.02.004,
Troxel TR, Gadberry MS, Wallace WT, et al. Clostridial antibody response from injection-site lesions in beef cattle; long-term response to single or multiple doses, and response in newborn beef calves. Journal of Animal Science. 2001:79: 2558–2564.
Lacitignola L. Guadalupi M. Massari F. Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) in Small Animals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Veterinary Literature. Veterinary Science Journals. 2021: 8, 144. 10.3390/vetsci8080144
Steffey MA. Laparoscopic-assisted surgical procedures. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016: 46, 45–61.
Wupperman PL, Spindler K, Revision ACL surgery using a two-incision technique. Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review. 2005: 13(1), 32-37. Doı: 10.1097/01.jsa.0000151091.28132.aa
Howard J, Bertran J, Parker V, et al. Transanal access port (TrAAP) technique: the use of a single incision laparoscopic surgical port during canine colonoscopy (a cadaveric study). BMC Veterinary Research. 2021: 17, 43. (2021). doi:10.1186/s12917-021-02753-9
Wang BY, Liu CY, Hsu PK, et al. Single-incision versus multiple-incision thoracoscopic lobectomy and segmentectomy: A propensity-matched analysis. Annals of Surgery. 2015: 261(4), 793-799, doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000712.
Julia AG. Theresia FL. Health promotion for students of veterinary medicine: A preliminary study on active microbreaks and ergonomics education. Animals. 2023, 13(10), 1641. 10.3390/ani13101641,
Sophie B, Dwayne HR. Single‐incision drilling technique to achieve hemiepiphysiodesis of the distal metacarpus – complications and outcome in 207 foals with metacarpophalangeal varus deformities. Veterinary Surgery. 2022: 52(1), 26-32, doi: 10.1111/vsu.13888.
Etıenne AL, Peeters D, Busonı V. Ultrasonographıc percutaneous anatomy of the caudal lumbar regıon and ultrasound-guıded lumbar puncture ın the dog. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 2010: 51, 527-532. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01705.x.
Buncke M, Andersen P, Connelly C, et al. Novel stapler-assisted technique for closure of persistent tracheoesophageal puncture fistula. Head & Neck. 2023: 45(1): 288-293. doi:10.1002/hed.27236.
Tuek-Um S, Thitiyanaporn C, Phongwirat P, et al. Comparison of an intra-articular suture technique and a lateral suture technique in toy breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rüptüre. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2022: 52(1), 12. Doi: 10.56808/2985-1130.3197
Gokulakrishnan M, Odyuo N, Nagarajan K, et al. Spiderplasty and bow-tie tension relieving suture techniques for large skin defects in dogs. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 2023: 57(4), 464-471. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-5061.
Bayram AS, Erol MM, Salci H, et al. Basic interrupted versus continuous suturing techniques in bronchial anastomosis following sleeve lobectomy in dogs. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2007: 32(6), 852–854. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.09.005
Nicholas AB, Francina BO, Patrick JP. Comparison of incisional bursting strength of a bidirectional absorbable knotless suture material versus a standard continuous absorbable suture material for closure of the equine linea alba. Veterinary Surgery. 2023: 52(8), 1121-1127. doi: 10.1111/vsu.14022.
Ermutlu CŞ, Baran V. Comparison of clinical, biomechanical, and histopathological effects of various suture techniques on repair of tendon rupture by using autograft. Journal Veterinary Reserch. 2017: 61, 231-237. doi:10.1515/jvetres-2017-0030
Arun A, Simrat SS. Inside-out continuous suturing technique for the repair of third-degree perineal laceration in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2015: 35(2), 147-152. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.12.012
Park YH, Kim W, Jang KS, et al. Learning curve of the Krackow suture technique for the repair of Achilles tendon rupture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022: 142, 3747–3754. doi: 10.1007/s00402-021-04213-3
Rouxzanne R, Shumani M. Slow down with that full bladder: A case report describing an intraperitoneal bladder rupture repaired laparoscopically. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2021: 82, 105901. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.105901
Radad K, El-Shazly M. Clinical and pathological assessment of different suture techniques for microvascular anastomosis in rat femoral artery. Journal Veterinary Science. 2007: 8(3), 269-273. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2007.8.3.269
Williams J, Moores A. BSAVA Manual of canine and feline wound management and reconstruction. Gloucester (UK): British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2009. p.141-145.
Pavletic MM. Atlas of small animal wound management and reconstructive surgery. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2018, p.168-179.
Caston SS, Schleining JA, Danielson JA, et al. Efficacy of teaching the gambee suture pattern using simulated small intestine versus cadaveric small intestine. Veterinary Surgey. 2016: 45(8),1019–24. doi: 10.1111/vsu.12554
Routt E, Mansouri Y, de Moll EH, et al. Teaching the simple suture to medical students for long-term retention of skill. JAMA Dermatol. 2015:151(7),761–5. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.118.
Badman M, Tullberg M, Höglund OV, et al. Veterinary student confidence after practicing with a new surgical training model for feline ovariohysterectomy. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2016: 43(4), 427–33. doi: 10.3138/jvme.1015-165R2
Doyle JD, Webber EM, Sidhu RS. A universal global rating scale for the evaluation of technical skills in the operating room. The American Journal Surgey. 2007: 193(5),551–5. Doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg
Luft AR, Buitrago MM. Stages of motor skill learning. Mol Neurobiol. 2005: 32(3), 205–16. doi: 10.1385/MN:32:3:205.
Compton NJ, Cary JA, Wenz JR, et al. Evaluation of peer teaching and deliberate practice to teach veterinary surgery. Veterinary Surgery. 2019: 48(2),199–208. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13117.
Francesco C, Patrick JP, Ian F, et al. A novel tension relief technique to aid the primary closure of traumatic equine wounds under excessive tension. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2023: 56(3), 514-521. doi: 10.1111/evj.13987
Pavletic, M.M. Use of an external skin-stretching device for wound closure in dogs and cats. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 2000: 217, 350-354.
Anne G, Bernadette U. Strategien zur vermeidung von komplikationen bei der kastration. Pferde Spiegel. 2022: 25(02), 63-70. doi: 10.1055/a-1670-1027,
Carmalt, JL, Shoemaker RW, Wilson DG. Evaluation of common vaginal tunic ligation during field castration in draught colts. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2008: 40, 597-598.
Kümmerle, J.M. Suture Materials and Pattern. Eds: J.A. Auer and J.A. Stick, In Equine Surgery. 4th edn. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 182-189.
Matt C, Ian GH. Complications Associated with Extracapsular Stabilization using Multifilament Material Complications. In Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Surgery. New Jersey: Willey; 2021. p. 121-143. doi: 10.1002/9781119654407.ch8
Rabbani AH, Khan YR, Naseer O, et al. Biocompatibility and postoperative complications of different subcutaneous suturing methods in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy by midline incision. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2021: 51(3), 19.
William SD. Initial wound management. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2006: 36(4), 713-738. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.04.003
Renberg WC, Radlinsky MG: In vitro comparison of the locking loop and continuous crucuate suture patterns. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 2001: 14, 15–18.
W. Alexander FA, Brad JC. Thoracoscopic contraindications, complications, and conversion, small animal laparoscopy and thoracoscopy. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 2021; 345-353. doi: 10.1002/9781119666912.ch30
De Rooster H. Celiotomy. In: Griffon D, Hamaide A, (eds.) Complications in small animal surgery. 1st Edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley- Blackwell; 2016. p. 355–61. doi: 10.1002/9781119421344.ch49
Crowe DT. Closure of abdominal incisions using a continuous polypropylene suture: clinical experience in 550 dogs and cats. Veterinary Surgery. 1978:7, 74–77. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1978.tb00584.x
Deerenberg EB, Harlaar JJ, Steyerberg EW, et al. Small bites versus large bites for closure of abdominal midline incisions (STITCH): a double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2015: 386, 1254–60. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60459-7
Harlaar JJ, Deerenberg EB, van Ramshorst GH, at al. A multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of small stitches on the incidence of incisional hernia in midline incisions. BMC Surgery. 2011: 11, 20–7. doi: 10.1186/1471-2482-11-20
Israelsson LA, MIllbourn D. Prevention of incisional hernias: how to close a midline incision. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2013: 93,1027–40. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2013.06.009
Krukowski H, Matheson NA. ‘Button hole’ incisional hernia: a late complication of abdominal wound closure with continuous non- absorbable sutures. Surgical Clinics of North America. 1987: 74, 824–5. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800740924
Referanslar
Langebæk R, Eika B, Jensen AL, et al. Anxiety in veterinary surgical students: A quantitative study. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2012, 39(4): 331-340. doi: 10.3138/jvme.1111-111R1
Davis MH, Ponnamperuma, GG, McAleer, S, et al. The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) as a determinant of veterinary clinical skills. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2006: 33(4): 578- 587. doi: 10.3138/jvme.33.4.578
Hodges BD. The objective structured clinical examination: Three decades of development. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2006: 33(4): 571-577. doi: 10.3138/jvme.33.4.571
Lidiane JS., Carolina TC, Matheus BC, et al. Design and validation of a simulator for feline cephalic vein cannulation—a pilot study. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2021: 48(3): 276-280.
Hobbs KJ, Johnson PJ, Johnson ME, et al. Wallace. Use of a jugular vein model for the instruction of equine intravenous catheter placement by third‐and fourth‐year veterinary students. Equine Veterinary Education. 2021: 33(5), 249-254.
Julie AW, John JD, Undine C, et al. Development and validation of a model for training equine phlebotomy and ıntramuscular ınjection skills. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2016: 43(3), 235-242.
Engel E, Haussler KK, Erb HN, How to inject the sacroiliac joint region in horses. American Association of Equine Practitioners. 2002:48, 257-260.
Chris WF, Allison M, Joint ınjection techniques and ındications. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2022: 52(4), 959-966. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.02.004,
Troxel TR, Gadberry MS, Wallace WT, et al. Clostridial antibody response from injection-site lesions in beef cattle; long-term response to single or multiple doses, and response in newborn beef calves. Journal of Animal Science. 2001:79: 2558–2564.
Lacitignola L. Guadalupi M. Massari F. Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) in Small Animals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Veterinary Literature. Veterinary Science Journals. 2021: 8, 144. 10.3390/vetsci8080144
Steffey MA. Laparoscopic-assisted surgical procedures. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2016: 46, 45–61.
Wupperman PL, Spindler K, Revision ACL surgery using a two-incision technique. Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review. 2005: 13(1), 32-37. Doı: 10.1097/01.jsa.0000151091.28132.aa
Howard J, Bertran J, Parker V, et al. Transanal access port (TrAAP) technique: the use of a single incision laparoscopic surgical port during canine colonoscopy (a cadaveric study). BMC Veterinary Research. 2021: 17, 43. (2021). doi:10.1186/s12917-021-02753-9
Wang BY, Liu CY, Hsu PK, et al. Single-incision versus multiple-incision thoracoscopic lobectomy and segmentectomy: A propensity-matched analysis. Annals of Surgery. 2015: 261(4), 793-799, doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000000712.
Julia AG. Theresia FL. Health promotion for students of veterinary medicine: A preliminary study on active microbreaks and ergonomics education. Animals. 2023, 13(10), 1641. 10.3390/ani13101641,
Sophie B, Dwayne HR. Single‐incision drilling technique to achieve hemiepiphysiodesis of the distal metacarpus – complications and outcome in 207 foals with metacarpophalangeal varus deformities. Veterinary Surgery. 2022: 52(1), 26-32, doi: 10.1111/vsu.13888.
Etıenne AL, Peeters D, Busonı V. Ultrasonographıc percutaneous anatomy of the caudal lumbar regıon and ultrasound-guıded lumbar puncture ın the dog. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 2010: 51, 527-532. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2010.01705.x.
Buncke M, Andersen P, Connelly C, et al. Novel stapler-assisted technique for closure of persistent tracheoesophageal puncture fistula. Head & Neck. 2023: 45(1): 288-293. doi:10.1002/hed.27236.
Tuek-Um S, Thitiyanaporn C, Phongwirat P, et al. Comparison of an intra-articular suture technique and a lateral suture technique in toy breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rüptüre. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2022: 52(1), 12. Doi: 10.56808/2985-1130.3197
Gokulakrishnan M, Odyuo N, Nagarajan K, et al. Spiderplasty and bow-tie tension relieving suture techniques for large skin defects in dogs. Indian Journal of Animal Research. 2023: 57(4), 464-471. doi: 10.18805/IJAR.B-5061.
Bayram AS, Erol MM, Salci H, et al. Basic interrupted versus continuous suturing techniques in bronchial anastomosis following sleeve lobectomy in dogs. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2007: 32(6), 852–854. doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.09.005
Nicholas AB, Francina BO, Patrick JP. Comparison of incisional bursting strength of a bidirectional absorbable knotless suture material versus a standard continuous absorbable suture material for closure of the equine linea alba. Veterinary Surgery. 2023: 52(8), 1121-1127. doi: 10.1111/vsu.14022.
Ermutlu CŞ, Baran V. Comparison of clinical, biomechanical, and histopathological effects of various suture techniques on repair of tendon rupture by using autograft. Journal Veterinary Reserch. 2017: 61, 231-237. doi:10.1515/jvetres-2017-0030
Arun A, Simrat SS. Inside-out continuous suturing technique for the repair of third-degree perineal laceration in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2015: 35(2), 147-152. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.12.012
Park YH, Kim W, Jang KS, et al. Learning curve of the Krackow suture technique for the repair of Achilles tendon rupture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022: 142, 3747–3754. doi: 10.1007/s00402-021-04213-3
Rouxzanne R, Shumani M. Slow down with that full bladder: A case report describing an intraperitoneal bladder rupture repaired laparoscopically. International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 2021: 82, 105901. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.105901
Radad K, El-Shazly M. Clinical and pathological assessment of different suture techniques for microvascular anastomosis in rat femoral artery. Journal Veterinary Science. 2007: 8(3), 269-273. doi: 10.4142/jvs.2007.8.3.269
Williams J, Moores A. BSAVA Manual of canine and feline wound management and reconstruction. Gloucester (UK): British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2009. p.141-145.
Pavletic MM. Atlas of small animal wound management and reconstructive surgery. Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons; 2018, p.168-179.
Caston SS, Schleining JA, Danielson JA, et al. Efficacy of teaching the gambee suture pattern using simulated small intestine versus cadaveric small intestine. Veterinary Surgey. 2016: 45(8),1019–24. doi: 10.1111/vsu.12554
Routt E, Mansouri Y, de Moll EH, et al. Teaching the simple suture to medical students for long-term retention of skill. JAMA Dermatol. 2015:151(7),761–5. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.118.
Badman M, Tullberg M, Höglund OV, et al. Veterinary student confidence after practicing with a new surgical training model for feline ovariohysterectomy. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2016: 43(4), 427–33. doi: 10.3138/jvme.1015-165R2
Doyle JD, Webber EM, Sidhu RS. A universal global rating scale for the evaluation of technical skills in the operating room. The American Journal Surgey. 2007: 193(5),551–5. Doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg
Luft AR, Buitrago MM. Stages of motor skill learning. Mol Neurobiol. 2005: 32(3), 205–16. doi: 10.1385/MN:32:3:205.
Compton NJ, Cary JA, Wenz JR, et al. Evaluation of peer teaching and deliberate practice to teach veterinary surgery. Veterinary Surgery. 2019: 48(2),199–208. doi: 10.1111/vsu.13117.
Francesco C, Patrick JP, Ian F, et al. A novel tension relief technique to aid the primary closure of traumatic equine wounds under excessive tension. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2023: 56(3), 514-521. doi: 10.1111/evj.13987
Pavletic, M.M. Use of an external skin-stretching device for wound closure in dogs and cats. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 2000: 217, 350-354.
Anne G, Bernadette U. Strategien zur vermeidung von komplikationen bei der kastration. Pferde Spiegel. 2022: 25(02), 63-70. doi: 10.1055/a-1670-1027,
Carmalt, JL, Shoemaker RW, Wilson DG. Evaluation of common vaginal tunic ligation during field castration in draught colts. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2008: 40, 597-598.
Kümmerle, J.M. Suture Materials and Pattern. Eds: J.A. Auer and J.A. Stick, In Equine Surgery. 4th edn. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2012. p. 182-189.
Matt C, Ian GH. Complications Associated with Extracapsular Stabilization using Multifilament Material Complications. In Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Surgery. New Jersey: Willey; 2021. p. 121-143. doi: 10.1002/9781119654407.ch8
Rabbani AH, Khan YR, Naseer O, et al. Biocompatibility and postoperative complications of different subcutaneous suturing methods in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy by midline incision. The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2021: 51(3), 19.
William SD. Initial wound management. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. 2006: 36(4), 713-738. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.04.003
Renberg WC, Radlinsky MG: In vitro comparison of the locking loop and continuous crucuate suture patterns. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 2001: 14, 15–18.
W. Alexander FA, Brad JC. Thoracoscopic contraindications, complications, and conversion, small animal laparoscopy and thoracoscopy. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg: 2021; 345-353. doi: 10.1002/9781119666912.ch30
De Rooster H. Celiotomy. In: Griffon D, Hamaide A, (eds.) Complications in small animal surgery. 1st Edn. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley- Blackwell; 2016. p. 355–61. doi: 10.1002/9781119421344.ch49
Crowe DT. Closure of abdominal incisions using a continuous polypropylene suture: clinical experience in 550 dogs and cats. Veterinary Surgery. 1978:7, 74–77. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1978.tb00584.x
Deerenberg EB, Harlaar JJ, Steyerberg EW, et al. Small bites versus large bites for closure of abdominal midline incisions (STITCH): a double-blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 2015: 386, 1254–60. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60459-7
Harlaar JJ, Deerenberg EB, van Ramshorst GH, at al. A multicenter randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of small stitches on the incidence of incisional hernia in midline incisions. BMC Surgery. 2011: 11, 20–7. doi: 10.1186/1471-2482-11-20
Israelsson LA, MIllbourn D. Prevention of incisional hernias: how to close a midline incision. Surgical Clinics of North America. 2013: 93,1027–40. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2013.06.009
Krukowski H, Matheson NA. ‘Button hole’ incisional hernia: a late complication of abdominal wound closure with continuous non- absorbable sutures. Surgical Clinics of North America. 1987: 74, 824–5. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800740924
