Asepsi ve Antisepsi
Özet
Asepsi mikrobiyal (bakteriyel, fungal, viral) kontaminasyonun olmadığı, bulaşmanın engellendiği durum anlamına gelir. Operasyon bölgesi enfeksiyonları riskinin önlenmesi ve azaltılmasına yönelik müdahaleler genel olarak üç döneme ayrılabilir: ameliyat öncesi, ameliyat sırası ve ameliyat sonrası. Asepsi ve cilt hazırlığının güvenli bir şekilde uygulanması, operasyon bölgesi enfeksiyonu riskini azaltmak için bu perioperatif uygulamalar sırasında hayati öneme sahiptir. Ayrıca kimyasal maddeler kullanılarak cerrahi aletler, malzemeler, operasyon bölgesi ve salonlarının mikroorganizmalardan arındırılması işlemine ise dezenfeksiyon denilmektedir. Sterilizasyon ise herhangi bir malzeme üzerinde bulunan tüm mikroorganizmaların (bakteriler, virüsler ve sporlar dâhil) yok edilmesi işlemidir. Canlı dokularla veya kanla temas edecek tüm alet ve malzemenin steril edilmiş olması gerekmektedir. Bu sterilizasyon için kullanılan bazı yöntemler vardır, bunlar; sıcak buhar, kimyasallar, plazma ve iyonizan radyasyon uygulamalarıdır.
Asepsis means the absence of microbial (bacterial, fungal, viral) contamination and the prevention of contamination. Interventions to prevent and reduce the risk of surgical site infections can be generally divided into three periods: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative. Safe application of asepsis and skin preparation is vital in these perioperative practices to reduce the risk of infection in the operative area. In addition, the process of removing microorganisms from surgical instruments, materials, operation areas and rooms by using chemical substances is called disinfection. Sterilization is the process of destroying all microorganisms (including bacteria, viruses and spores) on any material. All tools and materials that will come into contact with living tissues or blood must be sterilized. There are some methods used for this sterilization, these are; hot steam, chemicals, plasma and ionizing radiation applications.
Referanslar
Baines S. Surgical asepsis: principles and protocols. In Practice 1996 18: 23-33. doi: 10.1136/inpract.18.1.23
Nye AK, Thieman Mankin KM. Small animal patient preoperative preparation: a review of common antiseptics, comparison studies, and resistance. Front Vet Sci. 2024;11:1374826. Published 2024 Mar 28. doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1374826
Gherman C, Ciocan R. Asepsis and antisepsis. https://abilitatipracticecluj.ro/pdf/eng/Chir_eng_01_Asepsis_and_antisepsis.pdf
WHO. WHO guidelines for safe surgery 2009. Safe surgery save lives. Geneva: WHO, 2009.
Lucero S, Dreyden M. Antisepsis, asepsis and skin preparation. In: Surgery. 2019. 37(1); 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2018.11.008
Boothe HW. Antiseptics and disinfectants. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. (1998) 28:233–48. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(98)82003-2
McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. (1999) 12:147–79. doi: 10.1128/cmr.12.1.147
Horner C, Mawer D, Wilcox M. Reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine in staphylococci: is it increasing and does it matter? J Antimicrob Chemoth. (2012) 67:2547–59. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks284
Durani P, Leaper D. Povidone–iodine: use in hand disinfection, skin preparation and antiseptic irrigation. Int Wound J. (2008) 5:376–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-481x. 2007.00405.x
Bigliardi PL, Alsagoff SAL, El-Kafrawi HY, Pyon JK, Wa CTC, Villa MA. Povidone iodine in wound healing: a review of current concepts and practices. Int J Surg. (2017) 44:260–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.073
Katz JD: Hand washing and hand disinfection: more than your mother taught you, Anesthesiol Clin North Am 22(3):457-471, vi, 2004.
Fossum TW, Schulz KS. Care and Handling of Surgical Equipment and Supplies. In. Fossum TW (Ed.): Small Animal Surgery. Fifth ed., 4-17. Elsevier.2019.
Rutala, WA., Weber, D.J. (2008). Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, 2008.
Carlo A. (2007). The new era of flash sterilization. AORN journal, 86(1), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2007.06.010
Referanslar
Baines S. Surgical asepsis: principles and protocols. In Practice 1996 18: 23-33. doi: 10.1136/inpract.18.1.23
Nye AK, Thieman Mankin KM. Small animal patient preoperative preparation: a review of common antiseptics, comparison studies, and resistance. Front Vet Sci. 2024;11:1374826. Published 2024 Mar 28. doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1374826
Gherman C, Ciocan R. Asepsis and antisepsis. https://abilitatipracticecluj.ro/pdf/eng/Chir_eng_01_Asepsis_and_antisepsis.pdf
WHO. WHO guidelines for safe surgery 2009. Safe surgery save lives. Geneva: WHO, 2009.
Lucero S, Dreyden M. Antisepsis, asepsis and skin preparation. In: Surgery. 2019. 37(1); 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2018.11.008
Boothe HW. Antiseptics and disinfectants. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. (1998) 28:233–48. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(98)82003-2
McDonnell G, Russell AD. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. (1999) 12:147–79. doi: 10.1128/cmr.12.1.147
Horner C, Mawer D, Wilcox M. Reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine in staphylococci: is it increasing and does it matter? J Antimicrob Chemoth. (2012) 67:2547–59. doi: 10.1093/jac/dks284
Durani P, Leaper D. Povidone–iodine: use in hand disinfection, skin preparation and antiseptic irrigation. Int Wound J. (2008) 5:376–87. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-481x. 2007.00405.x
Bigliardi PL, Alsagoff SAL, El-Kafrawi HY, Pyon JK, Wa CTC, Villa MA. Povidone iodine in wound healing: a review of current concepts and practices. Int J Surg. (2017) 44:260–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.06.073
Katz JD: Hand washing and hand disinfection: more than your mother taught you, Anesthesiol Clin North Am 22(3):457-471, vi, 2004.
Fossum TW, Schulz KS. Care and Handling of Surgical Equipment and Supplies. In. Fossum TW (Ed.): Small Animal Surgery. Fifth ed., 4-17. Elsevier.2019.
Rutala, WA., Weber, D.J. (2008). Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, 2008.
Carlo A. (2007). The new era of flash sterilization. AORN journal, 86(1), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2007.06.010
