İnflamatuar Meme Kanseri
Özet
Lokal ileri evre meme kanserinin özel bir tipi olan inflamatuar meme kanseri (İMK), meme kanserinin en agresif klinik tablolarından birisidir. ABD’de görülen yeni tanı yıllık meme kanseri prevalansının yaklaşık %2-4’ünü oluşturur. Bununla beraber görece düşük insidansına rağmen meme kanserine bağlı ölümlerin %7’sinden sorumludur. Tanı anında olguların üçte birinde uzak organ metastazı eşlik etmektedir. Her zaman klinik olarak palpe edilebilen bir kitlenin olmadığı, meme derisinde kızarıklık, sertlik ve şişlik şeklinde izlenir. İMK, klinik bulgulara ek olarak tru-cut biyopsi ile teşhis edilir ve dermal lenfatik invazyonun saptanması tanı koymada kritik öneme sahiptir. Çoğunlukla hormon reseptör negatif ve HER2 pozitif olan bu kanser, hızlı bir şekilde metastaz yapma eğilimindedir. Sıklıkla enfeksiyöz kliniklerle karışan bu tablonun tanısında gecikmeler yaşanır. Klinisyenler bu tabloya yönelik uyanık olmalı, tanı ve tedavi sürecinde agresif davranmalıdır.
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), a special type of locally advanced breast cancer, is one of the most aggressive clinical presentations of breast cancer. It accounts for approximately 2-4% of the annual prevalence of newly diagnosed breast cancers in the United States. However, despite its relatively low incidence, it is responsible for 7% of breast cancer-related deaths. At the time of diagnosis, distant organ metastasis is present in one-third of the cases. IBC is often observed as redness, hardness, and swelling of the breast skin, and a palpable mass is not always clinically present. IBC is diagnosed through clinical findings and confirmed with a tru-cut biopsy, where the detection of dermal lymphatic invasion is critical for diagnosis. This cancer is often hormone receptor-negative and HER2-positive, and it tends to metastasize rapidly. Delays in diagnosis are common as this condition is frequently mistaken for infectious presentations. Clinicians should be vigilant for this presentation and adopt an aggressive approach in the diagnosis and treatment process.
Referanslar
Robertson FM, Bondy M, Yang W, Yamauchi H, Wiggins S, Kamrudin S, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: the disease, the biology, the treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2010;60:351–75.
Kleer CG, van Golen KL, Merajver SD. Molecular biology of breast cancer metastasis. Inflammatory breast cancer: clinical syndrome and molecular determinants. Breast Cancer Res 2000; 2:423.
Menta A, Fouad TM, LucciA, Le-Petross H, Stauder MC, Woodward WA, Ueno NT, Lim B. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: What to KnowAbout This Unique, Aggressive Breast Cancer. Surg Clin North Am. 2018 Aug;98(4):787-800.
Atkinson RL, El-Zein R, Valero V, LucciA, Bevers TB, Fouad T, Liao W, Ueno NT, Woodward WA, Brewster AM. Epidemiological riskfactors associated with inflammatory breast cancer subtypes. Cancer Causes Control. 2016 Mar;27(3):359-66.
Dabi Y, Darrigues L, Pons K, et al. Incidence of inflammatory breast cancer in patients with clinical inflammatory breast symptoms. PLoS One 2017;12:e0189385.
Lim B, Woodward WA, Wang X, Reuben JM, Ueno NT. Inflammatory breast cancer biology: the tumour microenvironment is key. Nat Rev Cancer 2018;18:485–99.
Faldoni FLC, Villacis RAR, Canto LM, Fonseca-Alves CE, Cury SS, Larsen SJ, Aagaard MM, Souza CP, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Osório CABT, Baumbach J, Marchi FA, Rogatto SR. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Clinical Implications of Genomic Alterations and Mutational Profiling. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Sep 30;12(10):2816.
Lerebours F, Bertheau P, Bieche I, Driouch K, De The H, Hacene K, Espie M, Marty M, Lidereau R. Evidence of chromosome regions andgene involvement in inflammatory breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2002 Dec 20;102(6):618-22.
van Golen KL, Wu ZF, Qiao XT, Bao L, Merajver SD. RhoC GTPase overexpression modulates induction of angiogenic factors in breastcells. Neoplasia. 2000 Sep-Oct;2(5):418-25.
Lê MG, Arriagada R, Contesso G, et al. Dermal lymphatic emboli in inflammatory and noninflammatory breast cancer: a French-Tunisian joint study in 337 patients. Clin Breast Cancer 2005;6:439-45.
Kamal RM, Hamed ST, Salem DS. Classification of inflammatory breast disorders and step by step diagnosis. Breast J 2009;15:367-80.
Le-Petross HT, Cristofanilli M, Carkaci S, et al. MRI features of inflammatory breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011;197:W769-76.
Yang WT, Le-Petross HT, Macapinlac H, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: PET/CT, MRI, mammography, and sonography findings. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008;109:417-26.
Hirko KA, Soliman AS, Banerjee M, et al. A comparison of criteria to identify inflammatory breast cancer cases from medical records and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data base, 2007-2009. Breast J 2014;20:185-91.
Woodward WA. Inflammatory breast cancer: unique biological and therapeutic considerations. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:e568-76.
Hance KW, Anderson WF, Devesa SS, et al. Trends in inflammatory breast carcinoma incidence and survival: the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program at the National Cancer Institute. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:966-75.
Ueno NT, Espinosa Fernandez JR, Cristofanilli M, et al. International Consensus on the Clinical Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer from the Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program 10th Anniversary Conference. J Cancer 2018;9:1437-47.
Kalli S, Semine A, Cohen S, et al. American Joint Committee on Cancer's Staging System for Breast Cancer, Eighth Edition: What the Radiologist Needs to Know. Radiographics 2018;38:1921-33.
Balema W, Liu D, Shen Y, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer appearance at presentation is associated with overall survival. Cancer Med 2021;10:6261-72.
Schairer C, Hablas A, Eldein IAS, et al. Clinico-pathologic and mammographic characteristics of inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancer at six centers in North Africa. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019;176:407-17.
Sager S, Asa S, Doner RK, LeblebiciC, Halac M. Initial evaluation of inflammatory breast cancer with fluorodeoxyglucose positronemission tomography. Indian J Nucl Med. 2012 Jan;27(1):33-4.
Masuda H, Brewer TM, Liu DD, et al. Long-term treatment efficacy in primary inflammatory breast cancer by hormonal receptor- and HER2-defined subtypes. Ann Oncol. 2014;25:384–391.
Rosso KJ, Tadros AB, Weiss A, et al. Improved locoregional control in a contem-porary cohort of nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer patients undergoing surgery. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24:2981–2988.
Referanslar
Robertson FM, Bondy M, Yang W, Yamauchi H, Wiggins S, Kamrudin S, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: the disease, the biology, the treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2010;60:351–75.
Kleer CG, van Golen KL, Merajver SD. Molecular biology of breast cancer metastasis. Inflammatory breast cancer: clinical syndrome and molecular determinants. Breast Cancer Res 2000; 2:423.
Menta A, Fouad TM, LucciA, Le-Petross H, Stauder MC, Woodward WA, Ueno NT, Lim B. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: What to KnowAbout This Unique, Aggressive Breast Cancer. Surg Clin North Am. 2018 Aug;98(4):787-800.
Atkinson RL, El-Zein R, Valero V, LucciA, Bevers TB, Fouad T, Liao W, Ueno NT, Woodward WA, Brewster AM. Epidemiological riskfactors associated with inflammatory breast cancer subtypes. Cancer Causes Control. 2016 Mar;27(3):359-66.
Dabi Y, Darrigues L, Pons K, et al. Incidence of inflammatory breast cancer in patients with clinical inflammatory breast symptoms. PLoS One 2017;12:e0189385.
Lim B, Woodward WA, Wang X, Reuben JM, Ueno NT. Inflammatory breast cancer biology: the tumour microenvironment is key. Nat Rev Cancer 2018;18:485–99.
Faldoni FLC, Villacis RAR, Canto LM, Fonseca-Alves CE, Cury SS, Larsen SJ, Aagaard MM, Souza CP, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Osório CABT, Baumbach J, Marchi FA, Rogatto SR. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Clinical Implications of Genomic Alterations and Mutational Profiling. Cancers (Basel). 2020 Sep 30;12(10):2816.
Lerebours F, Bertheau P, Bieche I, Driouch K, De The H, Hacene K, Espie M, Marty M, Lidereau R. Evidence of chromosome regions andgene involvement in inflammatory breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2002 Dec 20;102(6):618-22.
van Golen KL, Wu ZF, Qiao XT, Bao L, Merajver SD. RhoC GTPase overexpression modulates induction of angiogenic factors in breastcells. Neoplasia. 2000 Sep-Oct;2(5):418-25.
Lê MG, Arriagada R, Contesso G, et al. Dermal lymphatic emboli in inflammatory and noninflammatory breast cancer: a French-Tunisian joint study in 337 patients. Clin Breast Cancer 2005;6:439-45.
Kamal RM, Hamed ST, Salem DS. Classification of inflammatory breast disorders and step by step diagnosis. Breast J 2009;15:367-80.
Le-Petross HT, Cristofanilli M, Carkaci S, et al. MRI features of inflammatory breast cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011;197:W769-76.
Yang WT, Le-Petross HT, Macapinlac H, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer: PET/CT, MRI, mammography, and sonography findings. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008;109:417-26.
Hirko KA, Soliman AS, Banerjee M, et al. A comparison of criteria to identify inflammatory breast cancer cases from medical records and the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data base, 2007-2009. Breast J 2014;20:185-91.
Woodward WA. Inflammatory breast cancer: unique biological and therapeutic considerations. Lancet Oncol 2015;16:e568-76.
Hance KW, Anderson WF, Devesa SS, et al. Trends in inflammatory breast carcinoma incidence and survival: the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program at the National Cancer Institute. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:966-75.
Ueno NT, Espinosa Fernandez JR, Cristofanilli M, et al. International Consensus on the Clinical Management of Inflammatory Breast Cancer from the Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program 10th Anniversary Conference. J Cancer 2018;9:1437-47.
Kalli S, Semine A, Cohen S, et al. American Joint Committee on Cancer's Staging System for Breast Cancer, Eighth Edition: What the Radiologist Needs to Know. Radiographics 2018;38:1921-33.
Balema W, Liu D, Shen Y, et al. Inflammatory breast cancer appearance at presentation is associated with overall survival. Cancer Med 2021;10:6261-72.
Schairer C, Hablas A, Eldein IAS, et al. Clinico-pathologic and mammographic characteristics of inflammatory and non-inflammatory breast cancer at six centers in North Africa. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019;176:407-17.
Sager S, Asa S, Doner RK, LeblebiciC, Halac M. Initial evaluation of inflammatory breast cancer with fluorodeoxyglucose positronemission tomography. Indian J Nucl Med. 2012 Jan;27(1):33-4.
Masuda H, Brewer TM, Liu DD, et al. Long-term treatment efficacy in primary inflammatory breast cancer by hormonal receptor- and HER2-defined subtypes. Ann Oncol. 2014;25:384–391.
Rosso KJ, Tadros AB, Weiss A, et al. Improved locoregional control in a contem-porary cohort of nonmetastatic inflammatory breast cancer patients undergoing surgery. Ann Surg Oncol. 2017;24:2981–2988.
