Klebsiella Granulomatis ve Donovanoz
Özet
Donovanoz (granuloma inguinale) kronik, ilerleyici ve sinsi şekilde ilerleyen bir bakteriyel hastalıktır. Hastalık genellikle genital ve perigenital bölgelerdeki deri ve mukozal membranları etkilemektedir. Ülserler dokunmakla genellikle çabucak kanama eğilimi gösterir. Hastalık genellikle benign seyirlidir ve lezyonlarda malign transformasyon kuraldışı bir durumdur. Hastalığın etkeni olan C. granulomatis Gram-negatif ve pleomorfik bir bakteridir. İntrasitoplazmik, hareketsiz olan bu bakterinin kok ve basil şeklinde formları vardır. Lezyonlarda makrofajlar içinde küçük oval cisimler (Donovan cisimleri) şeklinde bulunur. Genellikle az rastlanan bir hastalık olmasına rağmen dünyada bu hastalığın endemik olduğu bazı bölgeler vardır: Papua Yeni Gine, KwaZulu-Natal ve Transvaal bölgeleri (Güney Afrika), Hindistan, Brezilya, Endonezya, Avustralya, Karayip bölgeleri ve Fransız Guyanası. Hastalığın başlangıç evresinde etkilenen bölgede bir subkutan nodül gelişir ve ülserleşir. Ülser yavaş yavaş büyür; kırılgan, eritemli ve parlaktır. Bu lezyonlar genellikle ağrısızdır ve inguinal lenfadenomegali de genlikle görülmez; ancak inguinal bölgede görülen erken evre lezyonlar buboya benzeyebilir. Sistemik hastalık nadirdir. Temel tanı yolu Donovan cisimlerinin lezyonlarda gösterilmesidir. Temel tedavi azitromisindir.
Referanslar
Belda Junior, W. (2020). Donovanosis. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 95, 675-683.
Bezerra, S. M. D. F. M. D. C., Jardim, M. M. L., & Silva, V. B. D. (2011). Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis). Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 86, 585-586.
O’Farrell, N. (2002). Donovanosis. Sexually transmitted infections, 78(6), 452-457.
McLeod K. Précis of operations performed in the wards of the first surgeon, medical college hospital, during the year 1881. Ind Med Gaz. 1882;17:113---23.
Donovan C. Medical cases from Madras General Hospital. Ulcerating granuloma of the pudenda. Ind Med Gaz. 1905;40:414.
Kampmeier R. Granuloma inguinale. Sex Transm Dis. 1984;11:318---21.
Greenblat RB, Torpin R. Experimental amd clinical granuloma inguinale. JAMA. 1939;113:1109---16.
Marmell M, Santora E. Donovanosis-Granuloma inguinale. Incidence,nomenclature, diagnosis. Am J Syph Gonor Ven Dis. 1950;34:83---90.
Jardim ML. Granuloma inguinale: self assessment. An Bras Dermatol. 1987;62:169---72
Carter JS, Bowden FJ, Bastian I, et al. Phylogenetic evidence for reclassification of Calymmatobacterium granulomatis as Klebsiella granulomatis comb nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999;49:1695–700.
Kharsany AB, Hoosen AA, Kiepala P, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of Calymmatobacterium granulomatis based on 16S sequences. J Med Microbiol 1999;48:841–7.
Richens, J. "The diagnosis and treatment of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)." Sexually Transmitted Infections 67.6 (1991): 441-452.
Stoner, Bradley P. "Klebsiella granulomatis: Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)." Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Elsevier, 2023. 841-842.
Galarza C. Donovanosis. Dermatol Peru. 2000;10:35---8.
O’Farrel N. Donovanosis: an update. Int J STD AIDS. 2001;12:423---7.
Nadal SR, Framil VMS. Diagnóstico das ulceras ano-retais sexualmente transmissíveis. Rev Bras Coloproct. 2005;25:370---3.
Govender D, Naidoo K, Chetty R. Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis): anusual cause of otitis media and mastoiditis in children. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997;108:510---4.
Jardim ML, Spinelli LP, Lupi O. Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale). In: Tyring SK, Lupi O, Herigge UR, editors. Tropical Dermatology. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2016. p. 325---9.
O’Farrel N, Moi H. European guideline on donovanosis. Int J STD AIDS. 2016;27:605---7.
Caumes E, Janier M, Dupin N, Alcaraz I, Maatouk I, Timsit F. Donovanose (granuloma inguinal). Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2006;133:251---71.
Ahmed N, Pillay A, Lawler M, Bobat R, Archary M. Donovanosis causing lymphadenitis, mastoiditis and meningitis in a child. Lancet. 2015;385:2644.
O’Farrel N, Hoosen A, Kingston M. 2018 UK National guideline for the management of donovanosis. Int J STD AIDS. 2018:1---3.
Martins S, Jardim MML. Donovanose. In: Belda W Jr, Di Chiacchio N, Criado PR, editors. Tratado de Dermatologia. São Paulo: Ed Atheneu; 2018. p. 1587---92.
Sethi S, Sarkar R, Garg V. Squamous cell carcinoma complicating donovanosis not a thing of thr past. Int J STD AIDS. 2014;25:894---7.
Arora AK, Kumaran MS, Narang T, Sarkia UM, Honda S. Donovanosis and squamous cell carcinoma: The relationship conundrum. Int J STD AIDS. 2017;28:4114.
Sardana K, Garg VK, Arora P, Khurana N. Malignant transformation of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) in a HIV-positive patient. Dermatology Online J. 2008;14:8.
Rao V, Thappa DM, Jaisankar TJ, Ratnakar C. Extragenital donovanosis of the foot. Sex Transm Infect. 1988;74:298---9.
Paterson D. Disseminated donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) causing spinal cord compression: case report and review of donovanosis involving bone. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26: 579---83
Marmell, Milton. "Donovanosis of the anus in the male: an epidemiological consideration." British Journal of Venereal Diseases 34.4 (1958): 213.
Wu JJ, Huang D, Pang KR, Tyring SK. Selected Sexually transmitted diseases and their relationship to HIV. Clin Dermatol. 2004;22:499---508.
PENF Velho, Souza EM, Belda W Jr. Donovanosis. Braz J Infect Dis. 2008;12:521---5
O’Farrel N, Hoosen AA, Coetzee K. A rapid staining technique for the diagnosis of granuloma inguinale (donovanosis). Genitourin Med. 1990;66:200---1.
Caumes E, Janier M, Dupin N, Alcaraz I, Maatouk I, Timsit F. Donovanose (granuloma inguinal). Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2006;133:251---71.
Brasil, Ministério da Saude, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saude, Departamento de condic¸ões crônicas e infecc¸ões sexualmente transmissíveis. Protocolo clínico e diretrizes terapêuticas para atenc¸ão integral às pessoas com infecc¸ões sexualmente transmissíveis. Brasília: Ministério da Saude; 2020.
Maddocks I, Anders EM, Dennis E. Donovanosis in Papua New Guinea. Br J Vener Dis. 1976;52:190---6
Bowden FJ, Bright A, Rode JW, Brewster D. Donovanosis causing cervical lymphadenopathy in a five-month old boy. Pediatr Infect Dis. 2000;19:167---9.
Referanslar
Belda Junior, W. (2020). Donovanosis. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 95, 675-683.
Bezerra, S. M. D. F. M. D. C., Jardim, M. M. L., & Silva, V. B. D. (2011). Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis). Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 86, 585-586.
O’Farrell, N. (2002). Donovanosis. Sexually transmitted infections, 78(6), 452-457.
McLeod K. Précis of operations performed in the wards of the first surgeon, medical college hospital, during the year 1881. Ind Med Gaz. 1882;17:113---23.
Donovan C. Medical cases from Madras General Hospital. Ulcerating granuloma of the pudenda. Ind Med Gaz. 1905;40:414.
Kampmeier R. Granuloma inguinale. Sex Transm Dis. 1984;11:318---21.
Greenblat RB, Torpin R. Experimental amd clinical granuloma inguinale. JAMA. 1939;113:1109---16.
Marmell M, Santora E. Donovanosis-Granuloma inguinale. Incidence,nomenclature, diagnosis. Am J Syph Gonor Ven Dis. 1950;34:83---90.
Jardim ML. Granuloma inguinale: self assessment. An Bras Dermatol. 1987;62:169---72
Carter JS, Bowden FJ, Bastian I, et al. Phylogenetic evidence for reclassification of Calymmatobacterium granulomatis as Klebsiella granulomatis comb nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1999;49:1695–700.
Kharsany AB, Hoosen AA, Kiepala P, et al. Phylogenetic analysis of Calymmatobacterium granulomatis based on 16S sequences. J Med Microbiol 1999;48:841–7.
Richens, J. "The diagnosis and treatment of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)." Sexually Transmitted Infections 67.6 (1991): 441-452.
Stoner, Bradley P. "Klebsiella granulomatis: Granuloma Inguinale (Donovanosis)." Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. Elsevier, 2023. 841-842.
Galarza C. Donovanosis. Dermatol Peru. 2000;10:35---8.
O’Farrel N. Donovanosis: an update. Int J STD AIDS. 2001;12:423---7.
Nadal SR, Framil VMS. Diagnóstico das ulceras ano-retais sexualmente transmissíveis. Rev Bras Coloproct. 2005;25:370---3.
Govender D, Naidoo K, Chetty R. Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis): anusual cause of otitis media and mastoiditis in children. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997;108:510---4.
Jardim ML, Spinelli LP, Lupi O. Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale). In: Tyring SK, Lupi O, Herigge UR, editors. Tropical Dermatology. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2016. p. 325---9.
O’Farrel N, Moi H. European guideline on donovanosis. Int J STD AIDS. 2016;27:605---7.
Caumes E, Janier M, Dupin N, Alcaraz I, Maatouk I, Timsit F. Donovanose (granuloma inguinal). Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2006;133:251---71.
Ahmed N, Pillay A, Lawler M, Bobat R, Archary M. Donovanosis causing lymphadenitis, mastoiditis and meningitis in a child. Lancet. 2015;385:2644.
O’Farrel N, Hoosen A, Kingston M. 2018 UK National guideline for the management of donovanosis. Int J STD AIDS. 2018:1---3.
Martins S, Jardim MML. Donovanose. In: Belda W Jr, Di Chiacchio N, Criado PR, editors. Tratado de Dermatologia. São Paulo: Ed Atheneu; 2018. p. 1587---92.
Sethi S, Sarkar R, Garg V. Squamous cell carcinoma complicating donovanosis not a thing of thr past. Int J STD AIDS. 2014;25:894---7.
Arora AK, Kumaran MS, Narang T, Sarkia UM, Honda S. Donovanosis and squamous cell carcinoma: The relationship conundrum. Int J STD AIDS. 2017;28:4114.
Sardana K, Garg VK, Arora P, Khurana N. Malignant transformation of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) in a HIV-positive patient. Dermatology Online J. 2008;14:8.
Rao V, Thappa DM, Jaisankar TJ, Ratnakar C. Extragenital donovanosis of the foot. Sex Transm Infect. 1988;74:298---9.
Paterson D. Disseminated donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) causing spinal cord compression: case report and review of donovanosis involving bone. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26: 579---83
Marmell, Milton. "Donovanosis of the anus in the male: an epidemiological consideration." British Journal of Venereal Diseases 34.4 (1958): 213.
Wu JJ, Huang D, Pang KR, Tyring SK. Selected Sexually transmitted diseases and their relationship to HIV. Clin Dermatol. 2004;22:499---508.
PENF Velho, Souza EM, Belda W Jr. Donovanosis. Braz J Infect Dis. 2008;12:521---5
O’Farrel N, Hoosen AA, Coetzee K. A rapid staining technique for the diagnosis of granuloma inguinale (donovanosis). Genitourin Med. 1990;66:200---1.
Caumes E, Janier M, Dupin N, Alcaraz I, Maatouk I, Timsit F. Donovanose (granuloma inguinal). Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2006;133:251---71.
Brasil, Ministério da Saude, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saude, Departamento de condic¸ões crônicas e infecc¸ões sexualmente transmissíveis. Protocolo clínico e diretrizes terapêuticas para atenc¸ão integral às pessoas com infecc¸ões sexualmente transmissíveis. Brasília: Ministério da Saude; 2020.
Maddocks I, Anders EM, Dennis E. Donovanosis in Papua New Guinea. Br J Vener Dis. 1976;52:190---6
Bowden FJ, Bright A, Rode JW, Brewster D. Donovanosis causing cervical lymphadenopathy in a five-month old boy. Pediatr Infect Dis. 2000;19:167---9.
