Farmakometabolomiks Araştırmalarında Güncel Gelişmeler

Tuğrul Çağrı Akman

doi:10.37609/akya.3310

Yazarlar

Tuğrul Çağrı Akman

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-950X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37609/akya.3310.c11738

Özet

Son yıllarda analitik kimyadaki önemli gelişmeler, çok sayıda plazma, idrar veya doku metabolitini tespit etmeye, tanımlamaya ve nicel olarak ölçmeye olanak sağladı. Yüksek hassasiyete sahip gelişmiş analitik teknikler, tek bir metabolit ve tek bir metabolik reaksiyon üzerine yapılan çalışmaları daha öteye taşıyarak, tek bir örnekten elde edilen büyük veri kümelerini işleyerek yüzlerce veya binlerce metabolit ve metabolik yolağın incelenmesini sağladı. Bunun sonucunda metabolomiks disiplini ortaya çıktı. Metabolomiks, ilaç etki mekanizmalarını ve ilaç yanıtındaki çeşitliliği moleküler düzeyde daha anlaşılır bir boyutla sunmaktadır. İlaç maruziyetine ait metabolom profilleri, hem ilaç etkinliğinde hem de istenmeyen ilaç reaksiyonlarında rol oynayan metabolik yolakları tanımlayabilmektedir. İlaçların etki mekanizmaları ve yanıt çeşitliğinin araştırılması için metabolomiksin kullanılması, çevresel faktörler, genom ve mikrobiyomun ilaç yanıtı üzerindeki etkilerini belirleyecek "farmakometabolomiks" alanının ortaya çıkmasına öncülük etmiştir. Böylece, farmakometabolomiks kişiselleştirilmiş ilaç tedavisine katkı sunacak ve daha etkili farmakolojik tedaviye imkan tanıyacaktır. Bu çalışma, son dönemde çeşitli ilaç tedavileri üzerine yapılan güncel farmakometabolomiks çalışmaları tartışmaktadır ve yeni gelişmeleri vurgulamaktadır.

In recent years, significant advances in analytical chemistry have made it possible to detect, identify, and quantify many metabolites of plasma, urine, or tissue. Advanced analytical techniques with high sensitivity have improved the studies for single metabolites and single metabolic reactions, enabling the study of hundreds or thousands of metabolites and metabolic pathways by processing large data sets obtained from a single sample. As a result, the discipline of metabolomics has emerged. Metabolomics provides a more comprehensive understanding of drug mechanisms of action and drug response at the molecular level. Metabolome profiles of drug exposure can identify metabolic pathways that play a role in both drug efficacy and adverse drug reactions. The use of metabolomics to investigate drug mechanisms of action and response diversity has led to the emergence of the field of "pharmacometabolomics", which will determine the effects of environmental factors, genomes, and microbiomes on drug responses. Thus, pharmacometabolomics will contribute to personalized drug therapy and enable more effective pharmacological treatment. This study discusses recent pharmacometabolomics studies on various drug therapies and highlights new developments..

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