Dentofasiyal & TME Problemli Ortodontik Vakalarda Kök Hücre Kullanımı
Özet
Kök hücreler hücre biyolojisindeki en ilginç hücrelerdir. Gelecekteki en güçlü teknolojilerden biri olacakları düşünülmesi sebebiyle ortodonti ve ortodontinin ilişkili olduğu dentofasiyal ortopedi alanında çok sayıda çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Aynı zamanda kök hücre ve doku mühendisliği çalışmalarındaki gelişmelerle birlikte temporomandibular rahatsızlıkların tedavisinde kök hücre kullanımının bu hastalar için yeni bir tedavi alternatifi olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede TME ve dentofasiyal problemli vakalarda kök hücre kullanımıyla ilgili yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir.
Stem cells are the most interesting cells in cell biology. Since they are considered to be one of the most powerful technologies in the future, many studies are being conducted in the field of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics related to orthodontics. At the same time, with the advances in stem cell and tissue engineering studies, the use of stem cells in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders is thought to be a new treatment alternative for these patients. In this review, studies on the use of stem cells in cases with TMJ and dentofacial problems are examined.
Referanslar
Pandis N, Polychronopoulou A, Sifakakis I, Makou M, et al. Effects of levelling of the curve of Spee on the proclination of mandibular incisors and expansion of dental arches: a prospective clinical trial. Australasian Orthodontic Journal. 2010 May 1;26(1):61-5.
Ekizer A, Yalvac ME, Uysal T, et al.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance bone formation in orthodontically expanded maxillae in rats. The Angle Orthodontist. 2015 May 1;85(3):394-9.
Prockop D, Sekiya I, Colter D. Isolation and characterization of rapidly self-renewing stem cells from cultures of human marrow stromal cells. Cytotherapy. 2001 Sep;3(5):393-6.
Diduch DR, Jordan LC, Mierisch CM, et al. Marrow stromal cells embedded in alginate for repair of osteochondral defects. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2000 Sep;16(6):571-7.
Gul Amuk N, Kurt G, Karsli E, et al. Effects of mesenchymal stem cell transfer on orthodontically induced root resorption and orthodontic tooth movement during orthodontic arch expansion protocols: an experimental study in rats. European Journal of Orthodontics. 2020 Jun 23;42(3):305-16.
Franzen TJ, Brudvik P, Vandevska-Radunovic V. Periodontal tissue reaction during orthodontic relapse in rat molars. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2013 Apr 1;35(2):152-9.
Tolar J, Le Blanc K, Keating A, et al. Concise Review: Hitting the Right Spot with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells . Stem Cells. 2010 Aug 1;28(8):1446-55.
Guillot PV, Cui W, Fisk NM, et al. Stem cell differentiation and expansion for clinical applications of tissue engineering. J Cellular Molecular Medi. 2007 Sep;11(5):935-44.
El Hadidi YN, El Kassaby M, El Fatah Ahmed SA, et al. Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Application on the Distracted Bone Microstructure: An Experimental Study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2016 Jul;74(7):1463.e1-1463.e11.
Qi M, Hu J, Zou S, et al. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis enhanced by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006 Jul;34(5):283-9.
Hu J, Qi M, Zou S, et al. Callus formation enhanced by BMP‐7 ex vivo gene therapy during distraction osteogenesis in rats. Journal Orthopaedic Research. 2007 Feb;25(2):241-51.
Ducy P, Zhang R, Geoffroy V, et al. Osf2/Cbfa1: A Transcriptional Activator of Osteoblast Differentiation. Cell. 1997 May;89(5):747-54.
Castro-Govea Y, Cervantes-Kardasch VH, Borrego-Soto G, et al. Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2–Transduced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Bone Regeneration in a Model of Mandible Distraction Surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2012 Mar;23(2):392-6.
Mofid MM, Manson PN, Robertson BC, et al. Craniofacial Distraction Osteogenesis: A Review of 3278 Cases. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 Oct;108(5):1103-14.
El Kassaby M, El Kader KA, Khamis N, et al. The Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Application on Distracted Bone Quality during Rapid Rate of Distraction Osteogenesis. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction. 2018 Sep;11(3):192-8.
Fink B, Krieger M, Strauss JM, et al. Osteoneogenesis and Its Influencing Factors During Treatment With the Ilizarov Method. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1996 Feb;323:261-72.
Bhat BM, Robinson JA, Coleburn VE, et al. Evidence of in vivo osteoinduction in adult rat bone by adeno‐Runx2 intra‐femoral delivery. J of Cellular Biochemistry. 2008 Apr 15;103(6):1912-24.
Sun J, Zheng X, Wang L, et al. New bone formation enhanced by ADSCs overexpressing hRunx2 during mandibular distraction osteogenesis in osteoporotic rabbits. Journal Orthopaedic Research. 2014 May;32(5):709-20.
Khazaei S, Shirani AM, Khazaei M, et al. Incidence of cleft lip and palate in Iran. A meta-analysis. Saudi Med J. 2011 Apr;32(4):390-3.
Al-Ahmady HH, Abd Elazeem AF, Bellah Ahmed NE, et al. Combining autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells seeded on collagen sponge with Nano Hydroxyapatite, and platelet-rich fibrin: Reporting a novel strategy for alveolar cleft bone regeneration. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2018 Sep;46(9):1593-600.
Mossaad A, El Badry T, Abdelrahman M, et al. Alveolar Cleft Reconstruction Using Different Grafting Techniques. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019 Apr 29;7(8):1369-73.
Korn P, Hauptstock M, Range U, et al. Application of tissue-engineered bone grafts for alveolar cleft osteoplasty in a rodent model. Clin Oral Invest. 2017 Nov;21(8):2521-34.
Gimbel M, Ashley RK, Sisodia M, et al. Repair of Alveolar Cleft Defects. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2007 Jul;18(4):895-901.
Hibi H, Yamada Y, Ueda M, et al. Alveolar cleft osteoplasty using tissue-engineered osteogenic material. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006 Jun;35(6):551-5.
Moussa N, Fan Y, Dym H. Maxillofacial Bone Grafting Materials. Dental Clinics of North America. 2021 Jan;65(1):167-95.
Kølle ST, Fischer-Nielsen A, Mathiasen AB, et al. Enrichment of autologous fat grafts with ex-vivo expanded adipose tissue-derived stem cells for graft survival: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2013 Sep;382(9898):1113-20.
Tabit CJ, Slack GC, Fan K, et al. Fat Grafting Versus Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Therapy: Distinguishing Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes. Aesth Plast Surg. 2012 Jun;36(3):704-13.
Miura M, Miura Y, Sonoyama W, et al. Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine in craniofacial region. Oral Diseases. 2006 Nov;12(6):514-22.
Yuan X, Xu Q, Zhang X, et al. Wnt-Responsive Stem Cell Fates in the Oral Mucosa. iScience. 2019 Nov;21:84-94.
García-Olmo D, Herreros D, De-La-Quintana P, et al. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Crohn's Rectovaginal Fistula. Case Reports in Medicine. 2010;2010:1-3.
Zimmerlin L, Donnenberg AD, Rubin JP, et al. Regenerative Therapy and Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of the Interaction Between Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Breast Cancer Cells from Clinical Isolates. Tissue Engineering Part A. 2011 Jan;17(1-2):93-106.
Tanikawa DYS, Aguena M, Bueno DF, et al. Fat Grafts Supplemented with Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Craniofacial Microsomia. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2013 Jul;132(1):141-52.
Jha S, Shah J, Joshi K, et al. Comparative analysis of autologous blood injection and conservative therapy for the management of chronic temporomandibular joint dislocation. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2022;34(4):394.
LeResche L. Epidemiology of Temporomandibular Disorders: Implications for the Investigation of Etiologic Factors. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine. 1997 Jul;8(3):291-305.
Stohler CS. Muscle-related temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain. 1999;13(4):273-84.
Shinagawa-Ohama R, Mochizuki M, Tamaki Y, et al. Heterogeneous Human Periodontal Ligament-Committed Progenitor and Stem Cell Populations Exhibit a Unique Cementogenic Property Under In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions. Stem Cells and Development. 2017 May;26(9):632-45.
Wolford LM, Karras SC. Autologous fat transplantation around temporomandibular joint total joint prostheses: Preliminary treatment outcomes. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1997 Mar;55(3):245-51.
N. BAIRD WILLIAM J. REA D. The Temporomandibular Joint Implant Controversy: A Review of Autogenous/Alloplastic Materials and Their Complications. Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine. 1998 Jan;8(3):289-300.
Teramoto M, Kaneko S, Shibata S, et al. Effect of compressive forces on extracellular matrix in rat mandibular condylar cartilage. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. 2003 Sep 1;21(5):276-86.
Guo J, Jourdian GW, Maccallum DK. Culture and Growth Characteristics of Chondrocytes Encapsulated in Alginate Beads. Connective Tissue Research. 1989 Jan;19(2-4):277-97.
Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, et al. Multilineage Potential of Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7.
Romanov YA, Svintsitskaya VA, Smirnov VN. Searching for Alternative Sources of Postnatal Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Candidate MSC‐Like Cells from Umbilical Cord. STEM CELLS. 2003 Jan;21(1):105-10.
Wang H, Hung S, Peng S, et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Wharton's Jelly of the Human Umbilical Cord. STEM CELLS. 2004 Dec;22(7):1330-7.
Sarugaser R, Lickorish D, Baksh D, et al. Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular (HUCPV) Cells: A Source of Mesenchymal Progenitors. Stem Cells. 2005 Feb 1;23(2):220-9.
Bailey MM, Wang L, Bode CJ, et al. A Comparison of Human Umbilical Cord Matrix Stem Cells and Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Chondrocytes for Tissue Engineering Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Cartilage. Tissue Engineering. 2007 Aug;13(8):2003-10.
Alhadlaq A, Elisseeff JH, Hong L, et al. Adult Stem Cell Driven Genesis of Human-Shaped Articular Condyle. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2004 Jul;32(7):911-23.
Almarza AJ, Athanasiou KA. Design Characteristics for the Tissue Engineering of Cartilaginous Tissues. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2004 Jan;32(1):2-17.
Mercuri LG, Edibam NR, Giobbie-Hurder A. Fourteen-Year Follow-Up of a Patient-Fitted Total Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction System. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007 Jun;65(6):1140-8.
Tucker MR, Spagnoli DB. Autogenous Dermal and Auricular Cartilage Grafts for Temporomandibular Joint Repair. Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics. 1996 Sep;4(2):75-92.
Mercuri LG, Giobbie-Hurder A. Long-term outcomes after total alloplastic temporomandibular joint reconstruction following exposure to failed materials. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2004 Sep;62(9):1088-96.
Feinberg SE, McDonnell EJ. The use of a collagen sheet as a disc replacement in the rabbit temporomandibular joint. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1995 May;53(5):535-42.
Lundh H, Westesson P, Eriksson L, et al. Temporomandibular joint disk displacement without reduction. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1992 Jun;73(6):655-8.
Anders JJ, Lanzafame RJ, Arany PR. Low-Level Light/Laser Therapy Versus Photobiomodulation Therapy. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2015 Apr;33(4):183-4.
Mvula B, Moore TJ, Abrahamse H. Effect of low-level laser irradiation and epidermal growth factor on adult human adipose-derived stem cells. Lasers Med Sci. 2010 Jan;25(1):33-9.
Nitzan, A. (2001). Electron transmission through molecules and molecular interfaces. Annual review of physical chemistry, 52(1), 681-750.
Karic V, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. 940 nm diode laser induced differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells to temporomandibular joint disc cells. BMC Biotechnol. 2022 Aug 29;22(1)
Referanslar
Pandis N, Polychronopoulou A, Sifakakis I, Makou M, et al. Effects of levelling of the curve of Spee on the proclination of mandibular incisors and expansion of dental arches: a prospective clinical trial. Australasian Orthodontic Journal. 2010 May 1;26(1):61-5.
Ekizer A, Yalvac ME, Uysal T, et al.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance bone formation in orthodontically expanded maxillae in rats. The Angle Orthodontist. 2015 May 1;85(3):394-9.
Prockop D, Sekiya I, Colter D. Isolation and characterization of rapidly self-renewing stem cells from cultures of human marrow stromal cells. Cytotherapy. 2001 Sep;3(5):393-6.
Diduch DR, Jordan LC, Mierisch CM, et al. Marrow stromal cells embedded in alginate for repair of osteochondral defects. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2000 Sep;16(6):571-7.
Gul Amuk N, Kurt G, Karsli E, et al. Effects of mesenchymal stem cell transfer on orthodontically induced root resorption and orthodontic tooth movement during orthodontic arch expansion protocols: an experimental study in rats. European Journal of Orthodontics. 2020 Jun 23;42(3):305-16.
Franzen TJ, Brudvik P, Vandevska-Radunovic V. Periodontal tissue reaction during orthodontic relapse in rat molars. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2013 Apr 1;35(2):152-9.
Tolar J, Le Blanc K, Keating A, et al. Concise Review: Hitting the Right Spot with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells . Stem Cells. 2010 Aug 1;28(8):1446-55.
Guillot PV, Cui W, Fisk NM, et al. Stem cell differentiation and expansion for clinical applications of tissue engineering. J Cellular Molecular Medi. 2007 Sep;11(5):935-44.
El Hadidi YN, El Kassaby M, El Fatah Ahmed SA, et al. Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Application on the Distracted Bone Microstructure: An Experimental Study. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2016 Jul;74(7):1463.e1-1463.e11.
Qi M, Hu J, Zou S, et al. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis enhanced by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006 Jul;34(5):283-9.
Hu J, Qi M, Zou S, et al. Callus formation enhanced by BMP‐7 ex vivo gene therapy during distraction osteogenesis in rats. Journal Orthopaedic Research. 2007 Feb;25(2):241-51.
Ducy P, Zhang R, Geoffroy V, et al. Osf2/Cbfa1: A Transcriptional Activator of Osteoblast Differentiation. Cell. 1997 May;89(5):747-54.
Castro-Govea Y, Cervantes-Kardasch VH, Borrego-Soto G, et al. Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2–Transduced Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Bone Regeneration in a Model of Mandible Distraction Surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2012 Mar;23(2):392-6.
Mofid MM, Manson PN, Robertson BC, et al. Craniofacial Distraction Osteogenesis: A Review of 3278 Cases. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2001 Oct;108(5):1103-14.
El Kassaby M, El Kader KA, Khamis N, et al. The Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Application on Distracted Bone Quality during Rapid Rate of Distraction Osteogenesis. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction. 2018 Sep;11(3):192-8.
Fink B, Krieger M, Strauss JM, et al. Osteoneogenesis and Its Influencing Factors During Treatment With the Ilizarov Method. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1996 Feb;323:261-72.
Bhat BM, Robinson JA, Coleburn VE, et al. Evidence of in vivo osteoinduction in adult rat bone by adeno‐Runx2 intra‐femoral delivery. J of Cellular Biochemistry. 2008 Apr 15;103(6):1912-24.
Sun J, Zheng X, Wang L, et al. New bone formation enhanced by ADSCs overexpressing hRunx2 during mandibular distraction osteogenesis in osteoporotic rabbits. Journal Orthopaedic Research. 2014 May;32(5):709-20.
Khazaei S, Shirani AM, Khazaei M, et al. Incidence of cleft lip and palate in Iran. A meta-analysis. Saudi Med J. 2011 Apr;32(4):390-3.
Al-Ahmady HH, Abd Elazeem AF, Bellah Ahmed NE, et al. Combining autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells seeded on collagen sponge with Nano Hydroxyapatite, and platelet-rich fibrin: Reporting a novel strategy for alveolar cleft bone regeneration. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2018 Sep;46(9):1593-600.
Mossaad A, El Badry T, Abdelrahman M, et al. Alveolar Cleft Reconstruction Using Different Grafting Techniques. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019 Apr 29;7(8):1369-73.
Korn P, Hauptstock M, Range U, et al. Application of tissue-engineered bone grafts for alveolar cleft osteoplasty in a rodent model. Clin Oral Invest. 2017 Nov;21(8):2521-34.
Gimbel M, Ashley RK, Sisodia M, et al. Repair of Alveolar Cleft Defects. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2007 Jul;18(4):895-901.
Hibi H, Yamada Y, Ueda M, et al. Alveolar cleft osteoplasty using tissue-engineered osteogenic material. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2006 Jun;35(6):551-5.
Moussa N, Fan Y, Dym H. Maxillofacial Bone Grafting Materials. Dental Clinics of North America. 2021 Jan;65(1):167-95.
Kølle ST, Fischer-Nielsen A, Mathiasen AB, et al. Enrichment of autologous fat grafts with ex-vivo expanded adipose tissue-derived stem cells for graft survival: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. 2013 Sep;382(9898):1113-20.
Tabit CJ, Slack GC, Fan K, et al. Fat Grafting Versus Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Therapy: Distinguishing Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes. Aesth Plast Surg. 2012 Jun;36(3):704-13.
Miura M, Miura Y, Sonoyama W, et al. Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative medicine in craniofacial region. Oral Diseases. 2006 Nov;12(6):514-22.
Yuan X, Xu Q, Zhang X, et al. Wnt-Responsive Stem Cell Fates in the Oral Mucosa. iScience. 2019 Nov;21:84-94.
García-Olmo D, Herreros D, De-La-Quintana P, et al. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Crohn's Rectovaginal Fistula. Case Reports in Medicine. 2010;2010:1-3.
Zimmerlin L, Donnenberg AD, Rubin JP, et al. Regenerative Therapy and Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of the Interaction Between Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Breast Cancer Cells from Clinical Isolates. Tissue Engineering Part A. 2011 Jan;17(1-2):93-106.
Tanikawa DYS, Aguena M, Bueno DF, et al. Fat Grafts Supplemented with Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells in the Rehabilitation of Patients with Craniofacial Microsomia. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2013 Jul;132(1):141-52.
Jha S, Shah J, Joshi K, et al. Comparative analysis of autologous blood injection and conservative therapy for the management of chronic temporomandibular joint dislocation. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2022;34(4):394.
LeResche L. Epidemiology of Temporomandibular Disorders: Implications for the Investigation of Etiologic Factors. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine. 1997 Jul;8(3):291-305.
Stohler CS. Muscle-related temporomandibular disorders. J Orofac Pain. 1999;13(4):273-84.
Shinagawa-Ohama R, Mochizuki M, Tamaki Y, et al. Heterogeneous Human Periodontal Ligament-Committed Progenitor and Stem Cell Populations Exhibit a Unique Cementogenic Property Under In Vitro and In Vivo Conditions. Stem Cells and Development. 2017 May;26(9):632-45.
Wolford LM, Karras SC. Autologous fat transplantation around temporomandibular joint total joint prostheses: Preliminary treatment outcomes. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1997 Mar;55(3):245-51.
N. BAIRD WILLIAM J. REA D. The Temporomandibular Joint Implant Controversy: A Review of Autogenous/Alloplastic Materials and Their Complications. Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine. 1998 Jan;8(3):289-300.
Teramoto M, Kaneko S, Shibata S, et al. Effect of compressive forces on extracellular matrix in rat mandibular condylar cartilage. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism. 2003 Sep 1;21(5):276-86.
Guo J, Jourdian GW, Maccallum DK. Culture and Growth Characteristics of Chondrocytes Encapsulated in Alginate Beads. Connective Tissue Research. 1989 Jan;19(2-4):277-97.
Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC, et al. Multilineage Potential of Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7.
Romanov YA, Svintsitskaya VA, Smirnov VN. Searching for Alternative Sources of Postnatal Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Candidate MSC‐Like Cells from Umbilical Cord. STEM CELLS. 2003 Jan;21(1):105-10.
Wang H, Hung S, Peng S, et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Wharton's Jelly of the Human Umbilical Cord. STEM CELLS. 2004 Dec;22(7):1330-7.
Sarugaser R, Lickorish D, Baksh D, et al. Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular (HUCPV) Cells: A Source of Mesenchymal Progenitors. Stem Cells. 2005 Feb 1;23(2):220-9.
Bailey MM, Wang L, Bode CJ, et al. A Comparison of Human Umbilical Cord Matrix Stem Cells and Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Chondrocytes for Tissue Engineering Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Cartilage. Tissue Engineering. 2007 Aug;13(8):2003-10.
Alhadlaq A, Elisseeff JH, Hong L, et al. Adult Stem Cell Driven Genesis of Human-Shaped Articular Condyle. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2004 Jul;32(7):911-23.
Almarza AJ, Athanasiou KA. Design Characteristics for the Tissue Engineering of Cartilaginous Tissues. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2004 Jan;32(1):2-17.
Mercuri LG, Edibam NR, Giobbie-Hurder A. Fourteen-Year Follow-Up of a Patient-Fitted Total Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction System. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2007 Jun;65(6):1140-8.
Tucker MR, Spagnoli DB. Autogenous Dermal and Auricular Cartilage Grafts for Temporomandibular Joint Repair. Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics. 1996 Sep;4(2):75-92.
Mercuri LG, Giobbie-Hurder A. Long-term outcomes after total alloplastic temporomandibular joint reconstruction following exposure to failed materials. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2004 Sep;62(9):1088-96.
Feinberg SE, McDonnell EJ. The use of a collagen sheet as a disc replacement in the rabbit temporomandibular joint. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1995 May;53(5):535-42.
Lundh H, Westesson P, Eriksson L, et al. Temporomandibular joint disk displacement without reduction. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1992 Jun;73(6):655-8.
Anders JJ, Lanzafame RJ, Arany PR. Low-Level Light/Laser Therapy Versus Photobiomodulation Therapy. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2015 Apr;33(4):183-4.
Mvula B, Moore TJ, Abrahamse H. Effect of low-level laser irradiation and epidermal growth factor on adult human adipose-derived stem cells. Lasers Med Sci. 2010 Jan;25(1):33-9.
Nitzan, A. (2001). Electron transmission through molecules and molecular interfaces. Annual review of physical chemistry, 52(1), 681-750.
Karic V, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. 940 nm diode laser induced differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells to temporomandibular joint disc cells. BMC Biotechnol. 2022 Aug 29;22(1)
