Geçmişten Bugüne Ortodontik Braketler
Özet
Dişleri düzelten aparatların en eski kanıtlarının milattan önce (MÖ) 1000 civarında kullanıldığı varsayılmaktadır. Antik Roma’da ve Etrüsklerde diş yapılarını korumak için çeşitli aparatlar kullanılmıştır. Romalı filozof ve hekim Aulus Cornelius Celsus yanlış pozisyonda bulunan dişlerin tedavisi için parmak basıncını kullanan ilk kişi olmuştur ve hizalamayı sağlamak için bu parmak basıncının dişlere her gün uygulanması gerektiğini belirtmiştir. Pierre Fauchard 1746'da diş hizalanması yöntemlerini açıklamıştır ve dişleri seviyelemek için ligatür telleri kullanımını ve bilinen ilk genişletme aparatını içeren, ortodontik aparatlarla ilgili ilk kapsamlı araştırmayı yapmıştır. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Edward Angle modern ortodontinin kurucusu olmuş ve E arkı, Pin ve Tüp Ataşmanı, Ribbon Ark Braketler ve nihayetinde Edgewise braketlerinin öncüsü olmuştur. Ardından Edgewise sistemindeki braketlerin geliştirilmesine yönelik birçok araştırma yapılmıştır. 1935'te Stolzenberg, kendiliğinden bağlanan (self-ligating) braket fikrini ortaya atmıştır. Bu braketler Damon braketlerinin tanıtılmasıyla popülerlik kazanmıştır. Lawrence Andrews, 1979’da tel üzerindeki bükümleri minimalize etmeye imkân sağlayan düz tel (straight wire) tekniğini geliştirmiştir. Düz tel tekniği ile beraber her dişe özel olarak tasarlanan ve tel üzerindeki birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü düzen bükümlerini minimalize eden sistemler geliştirilmiştir ve ilgili sistemler günümüzdeki modern braketlerin öncüsü olmuştur. 1980'lerin sonlarında estetik kaygılarla seramik ve plastik braketler tanıtılmıştır. Ancak, plastik braketlerin sertlik ve renk stabilitesi gibi sınırlamaları ile beraber seramik braketlerin ise sökümü esnasında mine kırıklarına sebep olabileceği kaygıları mevcuttur. Metal braketler genellikle daha kullanışlı olup ortodontik tedavilerde hala yaygın sistem olarak tercih edilmektedirler.
The earliest evidence of appliances for straightening teeth dates back to around 1000 BC. Various appliances were used in Ancient Rome and Etruria to preserve dental structures. Aulus Cornelius Celsus, a Roman philosopher and physician, was the first to use finger pressure to correct misaligned teeth, advocating daily application for alignment. Pierre Fauchard described orthodontic methods in 1746, including ligature wires and the first known expansion appliance. Edward Angle, in the late 19th century, founded modern orthodontics and developed precursor appliances such as the E-arch, Pin and Tube Attachments, Ribbon Arch Brackets, and eventually, the precursor to Edgewise brackets. Research into improving brackets in the Edgewise system followed. In 1935, Stolzenberg proposed self-ligating brackets, later popularized by Damon brackets. Lawrence Andrews developed the straight wire technique in 1979, minimizing bends on the wire. The discovery of the straight wire technique led to the development of brackets specifically designed for each tooth, aiming to minimize additional first, second, and third-order bends on the wire. These systems have been pioneers in the development of modern brackets.In the late 1980s, ceramic and plastic brackets were introduced for aesthetic concerns, though plastic brackets have limitations like stiffness and color stability, and ceramic ones may cause enamel damage during removal. Metal brackets, generally more practical, remain widely used in orthodontic treatments.
Referanslar
Proffit WR, Fields HW, Larson B, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018.
Weinberger BW. Historical résumé of the evolution and growth of orthodontia. J Am Dent Assoc 1922. 1934;21(11):2001-21.
Guerini V. A history of dentistry from the most ancient times until the end of the eighteenth century. Lea & Febiger; 1909.
Ruffer MA. Studies in the Palaeopathology of Egypt. University of Chicago Press; 1921.
Lufkin AW. A History of Dentistry. H. Kimpton; 1948. 380 s.
Green J. The origins and evolution of fixed orthodontic appliances. Dent Nurs. 2014;10(9):524-8.
Peck S. A biographical portrait of Edward Hartley Angle, the first specialist in orthodontics, part 1. Angle Orthod. 2009;79(6):1021-7.
Angle EH. Treatment of Malocclusion of the Teeth: Angle’s System. 7th Ed., Greatly Enl. and Entirely Rewritten, with Six Hundred and Forty-one Illustrations [İnternet]. S.S. White dental manufacturing Company; 1907. Erişim adresi: https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=BvkzAQAAMAAJ
Vaden JL. The Tweed-Merrifield philosophy. İçinde: Seminars in Orthodontics. 1996. s. 237-40.
Steiner CC. Is there one best orthodontic appliance? Angle Orthod. 1933;3(4):277-98.
Renfroe EW. Technique training in orthodontics. Edwards; 1960.
Khan H. Orthodontic brackets. Sel Place Debonding 1st Ed SC Creat. 2015;
Cross J. The Tweed philosophy: the Tweed years. İçinde: Seminars in Orthodontics. 1996. s. 231-6.
Begg PR, Kesling PC. The differential force method of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1977;71(1):1-39.
Johnson JE. A new orthodontic mechanism: the twin wire alignment appliance. Int J Orthod Dent Child. 1934;20(10):946-63.
Atkinson SR. The strategy of orthodontic treatment. J Am Dent Assoc Dent Cosm. 1937;24(4):560-74.
Iijima M, Zinelis S, Papageorgiou SN, Brantley W, Eliades T. Orthodontic brackets. İçinde: Orthodontic Applications of Biomaterials. Elsevier; 2017. s. 75-96.
Lewis PD. Space closure in extraction cases. Am J Orthod. 1950;36(3):172-91.
Holdaway RA. Bracket angulation as applied to the edgewise appliance. Angle Orthod. 1952;22(4):227-36.
Steiner CC. Power storage and delivery in orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod. 1953;39(11):859-80.
Buonocore MG. A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces. J Dent Res. 1955;34(6):849-53.
Tavas MA, Watts DC. Bonding of orthodontic brackets by transillumination of a light activated composite: an in vitro study. Br J Orthod. Ekim 1979;6(4):207-8.
Silverman E, Cohen M, Gianelly AA, Dietz VS. A universal direct bonding system for both metal and plastic brackets. Am J Orthod. 1972;62(3):236-44.
McLaughlin RP, Bennett JC. Evolution of treatment mechanics and contemporary appliance design in orthodontics: A 40-year perspective. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(6):654-62.
Andrews LF. The six keys to normal occlusion. Am J Orthod. 1972;62(3):296-309.
ROTH R. Treatment Mechanics for the Straight Wire Appliance, in Orthodontics. Curr Princ Tech. 1985;
Stolzenberg J. The Russell attachment and its improved advantages. Int J Orthod Dent Child. 1935;21(9):837-40.
Gottlieb EL, Wildman AJ, Hice TL, Lang HM, Lee IF, Strauch Jr EC. The Edgelok bracket. J Clin Orthod JCO. 1972;6(11):613-23.
Eberting JJ, Straja SR, Tuncay OC. Treatment time, outcome, and patient satisfaction comparisons of Damon and conventional brackets. Clin Orthod Res. 2001;4(4):228-34.
Damon DH. The Damon low-friction bracket: a biologically compatible straight-wire system. J Clin Orthod JCO. Kasım 1998;32(11):670-80.
Özer M, Yazicioğlu S, Akdeni̇z BS. Kendinden Bağlamalı Braketlerin Biyomekaniği. Türkiye Klin Diş Hekim Bilim Özel Derg. 2013;4(2):7-15.
Fujita K. New orthodontic treatment with lingual bracket mushroom arch wire appliance. Am J Orthod. 1979;76(6):657-75.
Scott Jr GE. Fracture Toughness and Surface Cracks— The Key to Understanding Ceramic Brackets. Angle Orthod. 1988;58(1):5-8.
Sinha PK, Nanda RS. The effect of different bonding and debonding techniques on debonding ceramic orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;112(2):132-7.
Eliades T, Gioka C, Zinelis S, Eliades G, Makou M. Plastic brackets: hardness and associated clinical implications. World J Orthod. 2004;5(1).
Eliades T. Orthodontic materials research and applications: part 2. Current status and projected future developments in materials and biocompatibility. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131(2):253-62.
Oh KT, Choo SU, Kim KM, Kim KN. A stainless steel bracket for orthodontic application. Eur J Orthod. 2005;27(3):237-44.
Feldner JC, Sarkar NK, Sheridan JJ, Lancaster DM. In vitro torque-deformation characteristics of orthodontic polycarbonate brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;106(3):265-72.
Breuning KH, Kau CH. Digital Planning and Custom Orthodontic Treatment. John Wiley & Sons; 2017. 134 s.
Akdeni̇z BS, Aykaç V, Turgut M, Çeti̇N S. Digital dental models in orthodontics: A review. J Exp Clin Med. 01 Ocak 2022;39(1):250-5.
Bazakidou E, Nanda RS, Duncanson Jr MG, Sinha P, of Oklahoma FTU. Evaluation of frictional resistance in esthetic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;112(2):138-44.
Referanslar
Proffit WR, Fields HW, Larson B, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018.
Weinberger BW. Historical résumé of the evolution and growth of orthodontia. J Am Dent Assoc 1922. 1934;21(11):2001-21.
Guerini V. A history of dentistry from the most ancient times until the end of the eighteenth century. Lea & Febiger; 1909.
Ruffer MA. Studies in the Palaeopathology of Egypt. University of Chicago Press; 1921.
Lufkin AW. A History of Dentistry. H. Kimpton; 1948. 380 s.
Green J. The origins and evolution of fixed orthodontic appliances. Dent Nurs. 2014;10(9):524-8.
Peck S. A biographical portrait of Edward Hartley Angle, the first specialist in orthodontics, part 1. Angle Orthod. 2009;79(6):1021-7.
Angle EH. Treatment of Malocclusion of the Teeth: Angle’s System. 7th Ed., Greatly Enl. and Entirely Rewritten, with Six Hundred and Forty-one Illustrations [İnternet]. S.S. White dental manufacturing Company; 1907. Erişim adresi: https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=BvkzAQAAMAAJ
Vaden JL. The Tweed-Merrifield philosophy. İçinde: Seminars in Orthodontics. 1996. s. 237-40.
Steiner CC. Is there one best orthodontic appliance? Angle Orthod. 1933;3(4):277-98.
Renfroe EW. Technique training in orthodontics. Edwards; 1960.
Khan H. Orthodontic brackets. Sel Place Debonding 1st Ed SC Creat. 2015;
Cross J. The Tweed philosophy: the Tweed years. İçinde: Seminars in Orthodontics. 1996. s. 231-6.
Begg PR, Kesling PC. The differential force method of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1977;71(1):1-39.
Johnson JE. A new orthodontic mechanism: the twin wire alignment appliance. Int J Orthod Dent Child. 1934;20(10):946-63.
Atkinson SR. The strategy of orthodontic treatment. J Am Dent Assoc Dent Cosm. 1937;24(4):560-74.
Iijima M, Zinelis S, Papageorgiou SN, Brantley W, Eliades T. Orthodontic brackets. İçinde: Orthodontic Applications of Biomaterials. Elsevier; 2017. s. 75-96.
Lewis PD. Space closure in extraction cases. Am J Orthod. 1950;36(3):172-91.
Holdaway RA. Bracket angulation as applied to the edgewise appliance. Angle Orthod. 1952;22(4):227-36.
Steiner CC. Power storage and delivery in orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod. 1953;39(11):859-80.
Buonocore MG. A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces. J Dent Res. 1955;34(6):849-53.
Tavas MA, Watts DC. Bonding of orthodontic brackets by transillumination of a light activated composite: an in vitro study. Br J Orthod. Ekim 1979;6(4):207-8.
Silverman E, Cohen M, Gianelly AA, Dietz VS. A universal direct bonding system for both metal and plastic brackets. Am J Orthod. 1972;62(3):236-44.
McLaughlin RP, Bennett JC. Evolution of treatment mechanics and contemporary appliance design in orthodontics: A 40-year perspective. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147(6):654-62.
Andrews LF. The six keys to normal occlusion. Am J Orthod. 1972;62(3):296-309.
ROTH R. Treatment Mechanics for the Straight Wire Appliance, in Orthodontics. Curr Princ Tech. 1985;
Stolzenberg J. The Russell attachment and its improved advantages. Int J Orthod Dent Child. 1935;21(9):837-40.
Gottlieb EL, Wildman AJ, Hice TL, Lang HM, Lee IF, Strauch Jr EC. The Edgelok bracket. J Clin Orthod JCO. 1972;6(11):613-23.
Eberting JJ, Straja SR, Tuncay OC. Treatment time, outcome, and patient satisfaction comparisons of Damon and conventional brackets. Clin Orthod Res. 2001;4(4):228-34.
Damon DH. The Damon low-friction bracket: a biologically compatible straight-wire system. J Clin Orthod JCO. Kasım 1998;32(11):670-80.
Özer M, Yazicioğlu S, Akdeni̇z BS. Kendinden Bağlamalı Braketlerin Biyomekaniği. Türkiye Klin Diş Hekim Bilim Özel Derg. 2013;4(2):7-15.
Fujita K. New orthodontic treatment with lingual bracket mushroom arch wire appliance. Am J Orthod. 1979;76(6):657-75.
Scott Jr GE. Fracture Toughness and Surface Cracks— The Key to Understanding Ceramic Brackets. Angle Orthod. 1988;58(1):5-8.
Sinha PK, Nanda RS. The effect of different bonding and debonding techniques on debonding ceramic orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;112(2):132-7.
Eliades T, Gioka C, Zinelis S, Eliades G, Makou M. Plastic brackets: hardness and associated clinical implications. World J Orthod. 2004;5(1).
Eliades T. Orthodontic materials research and applications: part 2. Current status and projected future developments in materials and biocompatibility. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131(2):253-62.
Oh KT, Choo SU, Kim KM, Kim KN. A stainless steel bracket for orthodontic application. Eur J Orthod. 2005;27(3):237-44.
Feldner JC, Sarkar NK, Sheridan JJ, Lancaster DM. In vitro torque-deformation characteristics of orthodontic polycarbonate brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994;106(3):265-72.
Breuning KH, Kau CH. Digital Planning and Custom Orthodontic Treatment. John Wiley & Sons; 2017. 134 s.
Akdeni̇z BS, Aykaç V, Turgut M, Çeti̇N S. Digital dental models in orthodontics: A review. J Exp Clin Med. 01 Ocak 2022;39(1):250-5.
Bazakidou E, Nanda RS, Duncanson Jr MG, Sinha P, of Oklahoma FTU. Evaluation of frictional resistance in esthetic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;112(2):138-44.
