Bitki Gelişimini Destekleyen Rizosferik Fungi
Özet
Bitkilere yardımcı olan rizosferde bulunan funguslar 'bitki büyümesini teşvik eden fungi' olarak adlandırılır. Bu fungi, konukçu bitkilerine sayısız avantaj sağladığı bilinen biyotik indükleyicilerin başlıca kaynaklarından biridir ve sürdürülebilir tarımda hayati bir rol oynarlar. Günümüzde en büyük sorun, doğal ekosisteme zarar vermeden artan bitki koruma ve ürün verimi talebini karşılamaktır. Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, , Phoma ve Piriformospora cinsleri vb. dahil olmak üzere bitki gelişimini teşvik eden funginin, bitkilerinin sürgün ve köklerinin gelişmesini, tohumların çimlenmesini, fotosentez için klorofil üretimini ve verimi iyileştirerek bitkisel üretimi artırmada çevre dostu olduğu kanıtlamıştır. Bitki gelişimini teşvik eden funginin etki şekli; bitkilerin gelişmeleri için ihtiyaç duyduğu temel mikro ve makro besinlerin mineralizasyonu, patojenik mikroorganizmaların büyümesini kontrol eden savunma ile ilgili enzimler, uçucu bileşikler ve fitohormonların üretimidir. Fungi tarafından üretilen metabolitler ile bitkiler çeşitli biyotik ve abiyotik stres faktörlerine karşı dirençlilik kazanır. Bu bölümde, bitki gelişimini teşvik eden funginin; bitki büyümesini, hastalıklara karşı direnci ve çeşitli abiyotik stresleri kolaylaştırma ve teşvik etmede etkili biyoajan olarak potansiyeli ile yapılan çalışmalara özetlenmiştir.
Referanslar
World Population Prospect: 2019. New York: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations; 2019. p. 2
Hyakumachi M. Plant-growth-promoting fungi from turf grass rhizosphere with potential for disease suppression. Soil Microorganisms; 1994. 44:53-68
Aly AH, Debbab A, Proksch P. Fungal endophytes: Unique plant inhabitants with great promises. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology; 2011. 90:1829-1845
Bent E. Induced systemic resistance mediated by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and fungi (PGPF). In: Tuzun S, Bent E, editors. Multigenic and Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. New York: Springer; 2006. pp. 225-258
Hyakumachi M, Kubota M. Fungi as plant growth promoter and disease suppressor. In: Arora DK, editor. Mycology Series. Vol. 21. Fungal Biotechnology in Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Applications. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2004. pp. 101-110
Adedayo AA, Babalola OO. Fungi That Promote Plant Growth in the Rhizosphere Boost Crop Growth. J Fungi (Basel); 2023. 9,239.
Argumedo-Delira R, Gomez-Martinez MJ, Mora-Delgado J. Plant Growth Promoting Filamentous Fungi and Their Application in the Fertilization of Pastures for Animal Consumption. Agronomy; 2022. 12(12), 3033
Devi R, Kaur T, Kour D, Rana KL, Yadav A, Yadav, A.N. Beneficial fungal communities from different habitats and their roles in plant growth promotion and soil health. Microb. Biosyst.; 2020. 5, 21–47.
Da Silva JM, Montaldo YC, de Almeida ACPS, Dalbon VA, Acevedo JPM, dos Santos, TMC, de Andrade Lima, GS Rhizospheric fungi to plant growth promotion: A review. J. Agric. Stud.; 2021. 9, 411–425.
Hossain M, Sultana F. Application and Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) for Phytostimulation. 2020. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92338
Vinale F, Sivasithamparam K, Ghisalberti EL, Marra R, Woo SL, Lorito M. Trichoderma–Plant–Pathogen Interactions. Soil Biol. Biochem.; 2008. 40, 1–10
Khan RAA, Najeeb S, Hussain S, Xie B, Li Y. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Fungi. Microorganisms; 2020. 8, 817.
Chowdhary K, Kaushik N. Biodiversity Study and Potential of Fungal Endophytes of Peppermint and Effect of Their Extract on Chickpea Rot Pathogens. Arch. Phytopathol. Plant Prot.; 2018. 51, 139–155.
Souza ADL, Rodrigues-Filho E, Souza AQL, Pereira JO, Calgarotto AK, Maso V, Marangoni S, Da Silva SL Koninginins, Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors from Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma koningii. Toxicon.; 2008. 51, 240–250.
Küçük Ç, Kıvanç M. Isolation of Trichoderma spp. and Determination Their Antifungal and Biochemical, Physiological Feature. Turk J Biol.; 2003. 27, 247-253.
Vinayarani, G.; Prakash, H.S. Fungal Endophytes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and Their Biocontrol Potential against Pathogens Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.; 2018. 34, 49.
Coppola M, Cascone P, Chiusano ML, Colantuono C, Lorito M, Pennacchio F, Rao R, Woo SL, Guerrieri E, Digilio MC. Trichoderma harzianum Enhances Tomato Indirect Defense against Aphids. Insect Sci.; 2017. 24, 1025–1033
Lysoe E, Dees MW, Brurberg MBA. Three-Way Transcriptomic Interaction Study of a Biocontrol Agent (Clonostachys rosea), a Fungal Pathogen (Helminthosporium solani), and a Potato Host (Solanum tuberosum). Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions;30, 646–655.
Palmieri D, Ianiri G, Del Grosso C, Barone G, De Curtis F, Castoria R, Lima G. Advances and Perspectives in the Use of Biocontrol Agents against Fungal Plant Diseases. Horticulturae; 2022. 8, 577.
Wang, J.; Li, T.; Liu, G.; Smith, J.M.; Zhao, Z. Unraveling the Role of Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE) Colonizing Maize (Zea mays) under Cadmium Stress: Physiological, Cytological and Genic Aspects. Sci. Rep.; 2016. 6, 22028.
Guzman-Guzman P, Kumar A, Santos-Villalobos SdL, Parra-Cota FI, Orozco-Mosqueda MdC, Fadiji AE, Hyder S, Babalola OO, Santoyo G. Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases—A Review. Plants; 2023. 12, 432.
Sharma P, Singh SP. Chapter 11—Role of the Endogenous Fungal Metabolites in the Plant Growth Improvement and Stress Tolerance. In Fungi Bio-Prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-Technology; Sharma VK, Shah MP, Parmar S, Kumar A, Eds.; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2021; pp. 381–401. ISBN 978-0-12-821734-4.
Giehl A, dos Santos AA, Cadamuro RD, Tadioto V, Guterres IZ, Zuchi IDP, Minussi GA, Fongaro G, Silva IT, Alves SL. Biochemical and Biotechnological Insights into Fungus-Plant Interactions for Enhanced Sustainable Agricultural and Industrial Processes. Plants; 2023. 2(14), 2688
Leitao AL, Enguita FJ. Gibberellins in Penicillium strains: Challenges for endophyte-plant host interactions under salinity stress. Microbiol. Res.; 2016. 183, 8–18.
Altaf MM, Imran M, Abulreesh HH, Khan MSA, Ahmad I. Diversity and applications of Penicillium spp. in plant-growth promotion. In New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Gupta VK, Rodriguez-Couto S, Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2017. pp. 261–276.
Argumedo-Delira R, Gomez-Martinez MJ, Mora-Delgado J. Plant Growth Promoting Filamentous Fungi and Their Application in the Fertilization of Pastures for Animal Consumption. Agronomy; 2022. 12(12), 3033
Hung R, Rutgers SL. Chapter 17—Applications of Aspergillus in plant growth promotion. In New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Gupta VK, Ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2016. pp. 223–227
Elsharkawy MM. Plant growth-promoting Phoma spp. In Phoma: Diversity, Taxonomy, Bioactivities, and Nanotechnology; Rai, M., Zimowska, B., Kovics, G.J., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2022. pp. 301–309.
Li Z, Bai T, Dai L, Wang F, Tao J, Meng S. A study of organic acid production in contrasts between two phosphate solubilizing fungi: Penicillium oxalicum and Aspergillus niger. Scientific Reports; 2016. 6:25313
Wakelin SA, Gupta VVSR, Harvey PR, Ryder MH. The effect of Penicillium fungi on plant growth and phosphorus mobilization in neutral to alkaline soils from southern Australia. Canadian Journal of Microbiology; 2007. 53, 106-115
Hoyos-Carvajal L, Orduz S, Bissett J. Growth stimulation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Trichoderma. Biological Control; 2009. 51,409-416
Shivanna MB, Meera MS, Kubota M, Hyakumachi M. Promotion of growth and yield in cucumber by zoysiagrass rhizosphere fungi. Microbes and Environments; 2005. 20(1), 34-40
Behie SW, Zelisko PM, Bidochka MJ. Endophytic insect-parasitic fungi translocate nitrogen directly from insects to plants. Science; 2012. 336, 1576-1577
Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macias-Rodriguez LI, Cortes-Penagos C, Lopez-Bucio J. Trichoderma virens, a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology; 2009. 149, 1579-1592
You YH, Kwak TW, Kang SM, Lee MC, Kim JG. Aspergillus clavatus Y2H0002 as a new endophytic fungal strain producing gibberellins isolated from Nymphoides peltata in fresh water. Mycobiology; 2015. 43, 87-91
Saxena S. Applied Microbiology. India: Springer Pvt. Ltd; 2015. p. 190
Zhang S, Gan Y, Xu B. Mechanisms of the IAA and ACC-deaminase producing strain of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 in enhancing wheat seedling tolerance to NaCl stress. BMC Plant Biology; 2019. 19,1-18
Waweru B, Turoop L, Kahangi E, Coyne D, Dubois T. Non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum endophytes provide field control of nematodes, improving yield of banana (Musa sp.). Biological Control; 2014. 74,82-88
Vujanovic V, Goh YK. qPCR quantification of Sphaerodes mycoparasitica biotrophic mycoparasite interaction with Fusarium graminearum: in vitro and in planta assays. Archives of Microbiology; 2012. 194(8), 707-717
Khan AL, Hamayun M, Kim YH, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Ameliorative symbiosis of endophyte (Penicillium funiculosum LHL06) under salt stress elevated plant growth of glycine max L. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; 2011. 49, 852-862
Bae H, Sicher RC, Kim MS, Kim SH, Strem MD, Melnick RL. The beneficial endophyte Trichoderma hamatum isolate DIS 219b promotes growth and delays the onset of the drought response in Theobroma cacao. Journal of Experimental Botany; 2009. 60, 3279-3295
Guler NS, Pehlivan N, Karaoglu SA, Guzel S, Bozdeveci A. Trichoderma atroviride ID20G inoculation ameliorates drought stress-induced damages by improving antioxidant defence in maize seedlings. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum; 2016. 38,132.
Ahmad P, Hashem A, Abd-Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, John R, Egamberdieva D. Role of Trichoderma harzianum in mitigating NaCl stress in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) through antioxidative defense system. Frontiers in Plant Science; 2015, 6,868
Kanchiswamy CN, Malnoy M, Maffei ME. Chemical diversity of microbial volatiles and their potential for plant growth and productivity. Frontiers in Plant Science; 2015. 6, 151
Yamagiwa Y, Toyoda K, Inagaki Y, Ichinose Y, Hyakumachi M, Shiraishi T. Talaromyces wortmannii FS2 emits β-caryophyllene, which promotes plant growth and induces resistance. Journal of General Plant Pathology; 2011. 77, 336-341
Naznin HA, Kiyohara D, Kimura M, Miyazawa M, Shimizu M, Hyakumachi M. Systemic resistance induced by volatile organic compounds emitted by plant growth-promoting fungi in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One; 2014. 9(1):e86882
Referanslar
World Population Prospect: 2019. New York: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations; 2019. p. 2
Hyakumachi M. Plant-growth-promoting fungi from turf grass rhizosphere with potential for disease suppression. Soil Microorganisms; 1994. 44:53-68
Aly AH, Debbab A, Proksch P. Fungal endophytes: Unique plant inhabitants with great promises. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology; 2011. 90:1829-1845
Bent E. Induced systemic resistance mediated by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and fungi (PGPF). In: Tuzun S, Bent E, editors. Multigenic and Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants. New York: Springer; 2006. pp. 225-258
Hyakumachi M, Kubota M. Fungi as plant growth promoter and disease suppressor. In: Arora DK, editor. Mycology Series. Vol. 21. Fungal Biotechnology in Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Applications. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2004. pp. 101-110
Adedayo AA, Babalola OO. Fungi That Promote Plant Growth in the Rhizosphere Boost Crop Growth. J Fungi (Basel); 2023. 9,239.
Argumedo-Delira R, Gomez-Martinez MJ, Mora-Delgado J. Plant Growth Promoting Filamentous Fungi and Their Application in the Fertilization of Pastures for Animal Consumption. Agronomy; 2022. 12(12), 3033
Devi R, Kaur T, Kour D, Rana KL, Yadav A, Yadav, A.N. Beneficial fungal communities from different habitats and their roles in plant growth promotion and soil health. Microb. Biosyst.; 2020. 5, 21–47.
Da Silva JM, Montaldo YC, de Almeida ACPS, Dalbon VA, Acevedo JPM, dos Santos, TMC, de Andrade Lima, GS Rhizospheric fungi to plant growth promotion: A review. J. Agric. Stud.; 2021. 9, 411–425.
Hossain M, Sultana F. Application and Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) for Phytostimulation. 2020. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92338
Vinale F, Sivasithamparam K, Ghisalberti EL, Marra R, Woo SL, Lorito M. Trichoderma–Plant–Pathogen Interactions. Soil Biol. Biochem.; 2008. 40, 1–10
Khan RAA, Najeeb S, Hussain S, Xie B, Li Y. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Trichoderma spp. against Phytopathogenic Fungi. Microorganisms; 2020. 8, 817.
Chowdhary K, Kaushik N. Biodiversity Study and Potential of Fungal Endophytes of Peppermint and Effect of Their Extract on Chickpea Rot Pathogens. Arch. Phytopathol. Plant Prot.; 2018. 51, 139–155.
Souza ADL, Rodrigues-Filho E, Souza AQL, Pereira JO, Calgarotto AK, Maso V, Marangoni S, Da Silva SL Koninginins, Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors from Endophytic Fungus Trichoderma koningii. Toxicon.; 2008. 51, 240–250.
Küçük Ç, Kıvanç M. Isolation of Trichoderma spp. and Determination Their Antifungal and Biochemical, Physiological Feature. Turk J Biol.; 2003. 27, 247-253.
Vinayarani, G.; Prakash, H.S. Fungal Endophytes of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and Their Biocontrol Potential against Pathogens Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.; 2018. 34, 49.
Coppola M, Cascone P, Chiusano ML, Colantuono C, Lorito M, Pennacchio F, Rao R, Woo SL, Guerrieri E, Digilio MC. Trichoderma harzianum Enhances Tomato Indirect Defense against Aphids. Insect Sci.; 2017. 24, 1025–1033
Lysoe E, Dees MW, Brurberg MBA. Three-Way Transcriptomic Interaction Study of a Biocontrol Agent (Clonostachys rosea), a Fungal Pathogen (Helminthosporium solani), and a Potato Host (Solanum tuberosum). Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions;30, 646–655.
Palmieri D, Ianiri G, Del Grosso C, Barone G, De Curtis F, Castoria R, Lima G. Advances and Perspectives in the Use of Biocontrol Agents against Fungal Plant Diseases. Horticulturae; 2022. 8, 577.
Wang, J.; Li, T.; Liu, G.; Smith, J.M.; Zhao, Z. Unraveling the Role of Dark Septate Endophyte (DSE) Colonizing Maize (Zea mays) under Cadmium Stress: Physiological, Cytological and Genic Aspects. Sci. Rep.; 2016. 6, 22028.
Guzman-Guzman P, Kumar A, Santos-Villalobos SdL, Parra-Cota FI, Orozco-Mosqueda MdC, Fadiji AE, Hyder S, Babalola OO, Santoyo G. Trichoderma Species: Our Best Fungal Allies in the Biocontrol of Plant Diseases—A Review. Plants; 2023. 12, 432.
Sharma P, Singh SP. Chapter 11—Role of the Endogenous Fungal Metabolites in the Plant Growth Improvement and Stress Tolerance. In Fungi Bio-Prospects in Sustainable Agriculture, Environment and Nano-Technology; Sharma VK, Shah MP, Parmar S, Kumar A, Eds.; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2021; pp. 381–401. ISBN 978-0-12-821734-4.
Giehl A, dos Santos AA, Cadamuro RD, Tadioto V, Guterres IZ, Zuchi IDP, Minussi GA, Fongaro G, Silva IT, Alves SL. Biochemical and Biotechnological Insights into Fungus-Plant Interactions for Enhanced Sustainable Agricultural and Industrial Processes. Plants; 2023. 2(14), 2688
Leitao AL, Enguita FJ. Gibberellins in Penicillium strains: Challenges for endophyte-plant host interactions under salinity stress. Microbiol. Res.; 2016. 183, 8–18.
Altaf MM, Imran M, Abulreesh HH, Khan MSA, Ahmad I. Diversity and applications of Penicillium spp. in plant-growth promotion. In New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Gupta VK, Rodriguez-Couto S, Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2017. pp. 261–276.
Argumedo-Delira R, Gomez-Martinez MJ, Mora-Delgado J. Plant Growth Promoting Filamentous Fungi and Their Application in the Fertilization of Pastures for Animal Consumption. Agronomy; 2022. 12(12), 3033
Hung R, Rutgers SL. Chapter 17—Applications of Aspergillus in plant growth promotion. In New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Gupta VK, Ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2016. pp. 223–227
Elsharkawy MM. Plant growth-promoting Phoma spp. In Phoma: Diversity, Taxonomy, Bioactivities, and Nanotechnology; Rai, M., Zimowska, B., Kovics, G.J., Eds.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, Switzerland, 2022. pp. 301–309.
Li Z, Bai T, Dai L, Wang F, Tao J, Meng S. A study of organic acid production in contrasts between two phosphate solubilizing fungi: Penicillium oxalicum and Aspergillus niger. Scientific Reports; 2016. 6:25313
Wakelin SA, Gupta VVSR, Harvey PR, Ryder MH. The effect of Penicillium fungi on plant growth and phosphorus mobilization in neutral to alkaline soils from southern Australia. Canadian Journal of Microbiology; 2007. 53, 106-115
Hoyos-Carvajal L, Orduz S, Bissett J. Growth stimulation in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by Trichoderma. Biological Control; 2009. 51,409-416
Shivanna MB, Meera MS, Kubota M, Hyakumachi M. Promotion of growth and yield in cucumber by zoysiagrass rhizosphere fungi. Microbes and Environments; 2005. 20(1), 34-40
Behie SW, Zelisko PM, Bidochka MJ. Endophytic insect-parasitic fungi translocate nitrogen directly from insects to plants. Science; 2012. 336, 1576-1577
Contreras-Cornejo HA, Macias-Rodriguez LI, Cortes-Penagos C, Lopez-Bucio J. Trichoderma virens, a plant beneficial fungus, enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology; 2009. 149, 1579-1592
You YH, Kwak TW, Kang SM, Lee MC, Kim JG. Aspergillus clavatus Y2H0002 as a new endophytic fungal strain producing gibberellins isolated from Nymphoides peltata in fresh water. Mycobiology; 2015. 43, 87-91
Saxena S. Applied Microbiology. India: Springer Pvt. Ltd; 2015. p. 190
Zhang S, Gan Y, Xu B. Mechanisms of the IAA and ACC-deaminase producing strain of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 in enhancing wheat seedling tolerance to NaCl stress. BMC Plant Biology; 2019. 19,1-18
Waweru B, Turoop L, Kahangi E, Coyne D, Dubois T. Non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum endophytes provide field control of nematodes, improving yield of banana (Musa sp.). Biological Control; 2014. 74,82-88
Vujanovic V, Goh YK. qPCR quantification of Sphaerodes mycoparasitica biotrophic mycoparasite interaction with Fusarium graminearum: in vitro and in planta assays. Archives of Microbiology; 2012. 194(8), 707-717
Khan AL, Hamayun M, Kim YH, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Ameliorative symbiosis of endophyte (Penicillium funiculosum LHL06) under salt stress elevated plant growth of glycine max L. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; 2011. 49, 852-862
Bae H, Sicher RC, Kim MS, Kim SH, Strem MD, Melnick RL. The beneficial endophyte Trichoderma hamatum isolate DIS 219b promotes growth and delays the onset of the drought response in Theobroma cacao. Journal of Experimental Botany; 2009. 60, 3279-3295
Guler NS, Pehlivan N, Karaoglu SA, Guzel S, Bozdeveci A. Trichoderma atroviride ID20G inoculation ameliorates drought stress-induced damages by improving antioxidant defence in maize seedlings. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum; 2016. 38,132.
Ahmad P, Hashem A, Abd-Allah EF, Alqarawi AA, John R, Egamberdieva D. Role of Trichoderma harzianum in mitigating NaCl stress in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) through antioxidative defense system. Frontiers in Plant Science; 2015, 6,868
Kanchiswamy CN, Malnoy M, Maffei ME. Chemical diversity of microbial volatiles and their potential for plant growth and productivity. Frontiers in Plant Science; 2015. 6, 151
Yamagiwa Y, Toyoda K, Inagaki Y, Ichinose Y, Hyakumachi M, Shiraishi T. Talaromyces wortmannii FS2 emits β-caryophyllene, which promotes plant growth and induces resistance. Journal of General Plant Pathology; 2011. 77, 336-341
Naznin HA, Kiyohara D, Kimura M, Miyazawa M, Shimizu M, Hyakumachi M. Systemic resistance induced by volatile organic compounds emitted by plant growth-promoting fungi in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One; 2014. 9(1):e86882
