Tatlı Su Akvaryum Balıklarının Üreme Davranışları, Ortamı ve Materyal Seçimleri
Özet
Sucul yaşamın gözlemlenebilmesi temeline dayanan akvaryum balıkları hobisi, günümüzde önemli ticaret hacmine sahip bir sektörün gelişmesine neden olmuştur. Akvaryum düzenleme uygulamaları, sucul canlıların doğal yaşam ortamlarındaki koşullarının, en yakın biçimde uygulanabilme hedefini sağlamaya yöneliktir. Böylece yetiştiriciliği hedeflenen tür, tüm yaşamsal ihtiyaçlarının karşılanabildiği ortamlar sağlanarak kontrollü koşullar altında yetiştirilmektedir.
Balıklarda üreme şekilleri; ovipar (dış döllenme, dış gelişme), ovovivipar (iç döllenme, dişi vücudunda gelişme ve dişiden beslenmeme) ve vivipar (iç döllenme, iç gelişme, dişiden beslenme) olarak üç farklı şekilde tanımlanmaktadır. Akvaryum balıklarında üreme davranışları olarak, dış ortama bırakma-saçma, ağızda kuluçka yapma, yumurta dizme, yuva yapma, saklı alanlara yumurta bırakma, canlı doğurma gibi davranış şekilleri ve ayrıca aktif/pasif koruma özellikleri görülmektedir.
Tatlı su akvaryum balıklarının üretiminde kullanılan materyalleri başlıca su bitkileri, ağaç kökleri, kum, çakıl ve kayalar gibi zemin materyalleri oluşturmaktadır. Doğal bitkiler ve yapay bitki benzeri materyaller; japon balığı, koi balığı gibi sazan türleri, lepistes, moli, kılıçkuyruk gibi canlı doğuran türleri, beta ve gurami gibi labirentli balıklar için kullanılmaktadır. Kum, çakıl ve kaya benzeri materyaller, bazı çiklit balığı türlerinde tercih edilirken, kaya kovukları, boş deniz kabukları ve toprak kaplar ise bazı çiklit balığı türleri ile cüce vatoz türleri için uygulanmaktadır. Akvaryum balıklarının üretiminde, türlerin adaptasyonu için doğadaki koşullara yakın ortamlar oluşturulması gereklidir. Türe özgü koşulların sağlanması ile sucul canlılar yaşam evrelerinin tümünü kontrollü koşullar altında sürdürebilmektedir. Bu anlamda türlerin, ekolojik isteklerinin belirlenerek gerekli donanıma sahip ortamların oluşturulması önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, süs balıkları sektöründe ekonomik önemi olan bazı akvaryum balıklarının üreme davranışları, üreme ortamı ve materyal seçimleri derlenmiştir.
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Referanslar
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Ortega-Salas AA, Reyes-Bustamante H. Initial sexual maturity and fecundity of the goldfish Carassius auratus (Perciformes: Cyprynidae) under semi-controlled conditions. Revista de Biología Tropical. 2006;54(4): 1113-1116.
Lorenzoni M, Corboli M, Ghetti L vd. Growth and reproduction of the goldfish Carassius auratus: a case study from Italy. In: Gherardi, F. (eds) Biological invaders in inland waters: Profiles, distribution, and threats. Invading Nature- Springer Series In Invasion Ecology: 2007. Doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6029-8_13.
Najim SM, Al-Mudhaffar RAA, Jassim FK. Some reproductive characters of the fantail goldfish Carassius auratus auratus females from rearing ponds in Basrah, Southern Iraq. Iraqi Jornal of Aquaculture. 2012;9(1): 83- 94. Doi: 10.21276/ijaq.2012.9.1.6.
Bandula PP. Technical Report Of Goldfish Breeding. 2023. Doi:10.5281/zenodo.8241998
Balon EK. About the oldest domesticates among fishes. Journal of Fish Biology. 2004;65 (Supplement A), 1–27. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2004.00563.x.
Amin R, Mazumder F, Nargis A. vd. Reproductive periodicity, fecundity and sex ratio of goldfish Carassius auratus (Perciformes: Cyprinidae) under laboratory condition. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS). 2013;3(1): 36-41.
Upadhyay B, Sarkar A. Advancement in the spawning time of goldfish Carassius auratus under various temperature and photoperiod shifts. Research&Reviews in BioSciences. 2014;9(6): 223-230.
Mohanta KN, Subramanian S, Komarpant N. vd. Breeding of gold fish. Technical Bulletin. 16, CARResearchComplexforGoa (lndian Council of Agricultural Research)' Ela' Old Goa- 403402, Goa, lndia. 2008.
Siddiky MNSM, Mondal B. Breeding technique of gold fish, molly, guppy and its impact on economy in the rural area of the Purba Midnapore district, West Bengal, India. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR). 2016;3(8): 34-40.
Boston CM, Larocque SM, Tang RWK. vd. Life outside the fishbowl: Tracking an introduced population of goldfish (Carassius auratus) in an embayment on the Laurentian Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research. 2024;50: 102253. Doi: 10.1016/j.jglr.2023.102253.
Wang J. Synergy between dominant aquatic plants and fish in rivers in Yangzhou City. Progress in Aqua Farming and Marine Biology. 2019;2(1): 180018.
Roslan MNAM, Estim A, Maran BAV. vd. Effects of aquatic plants on nutrient concentration in water and growth performance of fantail goldfish in an aquaculture system. Sustainability. 2021;13: 11236. Doi: 10.3390/su132011236.
Indriani R, Hadiroseyani Y, Diatin I. vd. The growth performance and physiological status of comet goldfish Carassius auratus in aquascape with different aquatic plant species. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia. 2023;22 (1): 36–46. Doi: 10.19027/jai.22.1.36-46.
Spence R, Gerlach G, Lawrence C. vd. The behaviour and ecology of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Department of Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK. 2007.
Reed B, Jennings M. Guidance on the housing and care of zebrafish Danio rerio. Research Animals Department, Science Group, RSPCA. 2010. 64 p.
Yipel M, İlhan A. Zebra balığı (Danio rerio): toksikolojik çalışmalar için uygun bir model organizma. Veteriner Farmakoloji Ve Toksikoloji Derneği Bülteni. 2021;12(3), 161-167. Doi: 10.38137/vftd.1007548 19.
Wixon J. Danio rerio, the zebraFish. Yeast. 2000; 17: 225-231.
Whitfield TT. Zebrafish as a Model for Hearing and Deafness. Journal of Neurobiology. 2002;53(2): 157-171. Doi: 10.1002/neu.10123
Kurtzman MS, Craig MP, Grizzle BK. vd. Sexually segregated housing results in improved early larval survival in zebrafish. Lab Animal. 2010;39 (6): 183-189.
Kimmel CB, Ballard WW, Kimmel SR. vd. Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish. Dev Dyn. 1995;203(3):253-310. Doi: 10.1002/aja.1002030302.
Laale HW. The biology and use of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio in fisheries research. Journal of Fish Biology. 1977;10(2): 121-173. Doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1977.tb04049.x
Matthews M, Trevarrow B, Matthews J. A virtual tour of the Guide for zebrafish users. Lab Animal. 2002;31(3): 34-40.
Sipaúba-Tavaresa LH, Appolonia AM, Fernandes JBK. vd. Feed of Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, (Regan, 1910) in open pond: live and formulated diets. Braz. J. Biol. 2016;76(2): pp. 292-299. Doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.11514
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