Palliative Care in Geriatric Patients
Özet
Although geriatrics and palliative care are distinct medical specialties, they share many similarities. Both fields adopt patient- and family-centered approaches, aiming to enhance patients' quality of life, personal abilities, and social participation through multidisciplinary efforts. Improving quality of life is a common goal in both geriatrics and palliative care. These specialties assess individuals not only from a medical perspective but also by considering their values, preferences, and needs. Geriatric palliative care particularly focuses on elderly individuals with serious, life-threatening illnesses. The primary aim is not to treat the diseases themselves but to manage and prevent symptoms, thereby improving quality of life and alleviating pain. As the elderly population increases, the importance of geriatrics and palliative care is becoming more prominent within healthcare systems.
Referanslar
Aggarwal, NK. (2010). Reassessing cultural evaluations in geriatrics: insights from cultural psychiatry. J Am Geriatr Soc. 58(11),2191–2196.
Akçakaya, A. (2019). Palliative Care and Medicine. Istanbul Medical Bookstores.
Akın Korhan, E., Kırşan, M., Yıldırım, D., et al. (2019). Ethical issues in palliative care: a systematic review. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics DOI: 10.5336/mdethic.2019-65994.
Albers, G., Froggatt, K., Block, L.V., et al. (2016). A qualitative exploration of the collaborative working between palliative care and geriatric medicine: barriers and facilitators from a European perspective. BMC Palliat Care, 15,47.
Almeida, CSL., Sales, CA., Marcon, SS. (2014). The existence of nursing in caring for terminally ills’life: a phenomenological study, Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 48(1), 34-40.
Ayan, M. Why Palliative Care? Emergency Medicine Specialists Association Web Page. https://www.atuder.org.tr/75/haberler/689/nedenpalyatif-bakim Access Date: 16.07.2023
Barton, A., Mulley, G. (2003). History of the development of geriatric medicine in the UK. Postgraduate Medical Journal,79(930), 229–234. https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.79.930.229
Global Health and Aging, National Institute of Aging, NIH, WHO, 2011
Basol, R. (2019). Outlook of the Elderly Population in Türkiye and EU Countries. KOSBED,37,35 – 46
Bertachine, L., Pessini, L. (2010). The importance of the spiritual dimension in the practice of palliative care, Revista Bioethica, 4(3), 315-323.
Bingley, A., Clark, D. (2009). A comparative review of palliative care development in six countries represented by the Middle East Cancer Consortium (Mecc). Journal Of Pain and Symptom Management.37(3),287-96.
Bloomer, J.M., Botti, M., Runacsres, F., et al. (2019). End of life care for older people in subacute care: A retrospective clinical audit. Collegian, 26(1),22-27.
Can, G. (2018). Nursing care for common symptoms in advanced-stage cancer patients. Palliative care and hospice congress booklet with international participation. Istanbul.
Çelik, M., Koç, A. (2021). Evaluation of the Palliative Care Model and Use of Measurement Tools in Our Country. Turkish Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 4(3), 30-41
Dalcalı, BK. (2019). Spiritual Care and Nursing in Palliative Care Units. SAUHSD 2(2),29-37.
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations. (2015). World Population Ageing 2015. New York: United Nations; p.164
Digby, R., Bloomer, M. (2014). People with dementia and the hospital environment: The views of patients and family carers. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 9(1), 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/opn.12014
Doğanay, G., Güven, S. (2019). Women Taking on the Role of Elderly Care in the Family and Their Views: The Example of Giresun Province. Black Sea Journal of Social Sciences, 11(21), 343-357
El-Jawahri, A., Greer, J., Temel, J. (2011). Does palliative care improve outcomes for patients with incurable illness? A review of the evidence. J Supportive Oncol. 05/01(9),87–94.
Erol, S., Ergün, A. (2019). Geriatric Palliative Care: Why, Where, When, How and By Whom Should It Be Provided? Journal of Public Health Nursing, 1(2), 38-48
Evers, M.M., Meier, DE., Morrison, RS. (2002). Assessing differences in care needs and service utilization in geriatric palliative care patients. J Pain Symptom Manage, 23,424 432.
Fain, K.M., Alexander, G.C., Dore, D.D., et al. (2017). Frequency and predictors of analgesic prescribing in U.S. nursing home residents with persistent pain. J Am Geriatr Soc.65(2),286–293.
Faull, C., Nyatanga, B. (2005). Terminal Care and Dying. In: Faull C, Carter Y H, Daniels L, eds. Handbook of Palliative Care. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. USA. p. 380- 408.
Ferrell, B.R., Twaddle, M.L., Melnick, A., et al. (2018). National Consensus Project clinical practice guidelines for quality palliative care guidelines, 4th edition. J Palliat Med. 4;21(12),1684–1689.
Global Atlas of Palliative Care 2nd Edition – 2020 www.thewhpca.org Access Date: 14.07.2023
Guerrero, J.G. (2019). Palliative nursing care as applied to geriatric: An integrative literature review. Nurs Palliat Care, 4(1),1-6 doi: 10.15761/NPC.1000199
Higginson, I. (2016). Research challenges in palliative and end-of-life care. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care, 6(1), 2–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJSPCARE-2015-001091
Hunt, K.J., Walsh, B.M., Voegeli, D., Roberts, H.C. (2010). Inflammation in aging part 2: Implications for the health of older people and recommendations for nursing practice. Biological Research for Nursing, 3(11), 253–260.
Işıkhan, V. (2016). The place and future of the social work profession in palliative care services. Society and Social Work 27(2),97-112.
Jox, R.J., Schaider, A., Marckmann, G., et al. (2012). Medical futility at the end of life: the perspectives of intensive care and palliative care clinicians. J Med Ethics. 38(9),540–545.
Kabalak, A.A., Kahveci, K., Gokcinar, D., et al. (2013).Structuring of palliative care in Ankara Ulus State Hospital, Turkey; 2012-2013. J Palliat Care Med.3(5),2-5
Kar, N. (2015). Care Needs Of Older Persons. Journal of Geriatric Care and Research, 2(1), 1-2.
Karacan, E. (2017). Elderly Population in Turkey within the Scope of Social Policy: Problems and Solution Suggestions. International Journal of Social Research, 10(49), 637-644.
Kelley, A.S., Morrison, RS. (2015). Palliative Care for the Seriously Ill. N Engl J Med. 20;373(8),747–755.
Kivanc, M.M. (2017). Palliative care services in Turkey. Journal of Health Sciences and Professions. 4(2),132-5.
Kudo, S., Mutisya, E., Nagao, M. (2015). Population Aging: An Emerging Research Agenda for Sustainable Development. Social science. (4), 940-966.
Kuyumcu, M.E., Yeşil, Y., Cankurtaran, M. (2012). Interdisciplinary Team from the Perspective of a Geriatrician. Society and Social Work. 23(2),115-123.
Laury, E.R., MacKenzie-Greenle, M., Meghani, S. (2019). Advance care planning outcomes in African Americans: an empirical look at the trust variable. J Palliat Med. 22(4),442–451.
Lorenz, K.A., Lynn, J., Dy, S.M., et al. (2008). Evidence for improving palliative care at the end of life: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 48,147-59.
Lundbergand, P.C., Kerdonfag, P. (2010). Spiritual care provided by Thai nurses in intensive care units, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19,1121-28
Lynch, T., Connor, S., Clark, D. (2013). Mapping levels of palliative care development: A global update. Journal Of Pain And Symptom Management, 45(6),1094-1106.
MacLeod, D., Van Den Block, L. (2019).Textbook of Palliative Care. Springer. 149-177.
Madenoğlu Kıvanç, M. (2017). Palliative care services in Turkey. HSP. 4(2),132-135.
Enç, N. (2017). Internal Medicine Nursing. Nobel Medical Bookstore. 400-414.
Mandıracıoğlu, A. (2010). Demographic characteristics of the elderly in the world and in Turkey. Aegean Medical Journal. 49,39-45
Maxwell, T. (2000). Cancer pain management in the elderly. Geriatr Nurs.21(3),158–163.
National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care, Executive Summary. (2004). Journal Of Pallıatıve Medıcıne 7(5):611-27. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2004.7.61
Olsen, M.L., Swetz, K.M., Mueller, P.S. (2010). Ethical decision making with end-oflife care: palliative sedation and withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments. Mayo Clin Proc., 85(10),949–954
Ozgul, N., Koc, O., Gultekin, M., et al. (2011). Opioids for Cancer Pain: Availability, Accessibility, and Regulatory Barriers in Turkey and Pallia-Turk Project. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol., 33(1),29-31.
Palliative care for older people: better practices. (2011). World Health Organization; 1st edition.
Rastogi, R., Meek, BD. (2013). Management of chronic pain in elderly, frail patients: finding a suitable, personalized method of control. Clin Interv Aging. 8,37–46.
Reynolds, K., Pietrzak, R.H., El-Gabalawy, R., et al. (2015). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in U.S. older adults: findings from a nationally representative survey. World Psychiatry. 14(1),74–81.
Roberts, A.W., Ogunwole, S.U. (2018). The Population 65 Years and Older in the United States: 2016. ABD: American Community Survey Reports.
Sarıçam, O., Kahveci, K. (2021). Aging and geriatric palliative care. Anatolian Curr Med J, 3(3),251-255.
Saygılı, S. (2017). Psychology of Old Age (2nd b.). Istanbul: Türdav Publications.
Sisk, B., Frankel, R., Kodish, E., et al. (2016). The truth about truth-telling in American medicine: A brief history.:Perm J., 20(3),215–219
Şahin, S. (2017). Palliative Care in Geriatrics. Türkiye Clinics J Anesthesiol Reanimat Spec Topics, 10,36-41
Şeker, A., Kurt, G. (2018). Aging and Social Work Practices as a Social Policy Field. Journal of Population Science, (40), 7-30
T.R. Ministry of Health Public Health Institution. National Cancer Control Plan 2013-2018.
Taşar, P.T., Şahin, S, Akçiçek, F. (2014). Palliative Care in Geriatrics. Akkadian Geriatrics (6), 73-78.
Turkish Statistical Institute. (2017). Elderly People with Statistics 2017, Newsletter Issue: 27595. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=27595, Access Date:14.01.2023
Thekkumpurath, P., Venkateswaran, C., Kumar, M., et al. (2008). Screening for psychological distress in palliative care: A systematic review.: Journal of Pain Symptom Manage. 36(5),520-528
Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), Elderly People with Statistics, 2022. ISSUE: 49667 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=%C4%B0statistikzler-Ya%C5%9Fl%C4%B1lar-2022- 49667&dil= Access Date: 17.07.2023
United Nations. Follow-up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing: Report of the Secretary-General. (2011). General Assembly Resolution, 66:173.
Unsar, S., Ero,l O., Sut, N. (2016). Social Support and Qualıty of Life Among Older Adults. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 9(1), 249-257.
Uslu, FŞ., Terzioğlu, F. (2015). Palliative Care Education and Organization in the World and in Turkey. Cumhuriyet Nursing Journal. 4(2),81-90.
Utku, E., Hacıkamiloğlu, E., Boztaş, G., et al. (2017). Palliative Treatment and Care Organization and Practices in Turkey. Turkey Clinics J Med Oncol-Special Topics.10(3),240-4.
Voumard, R., Truchard, E.R., Benaroyo, L., et al.(2018). Geriatric palliative care: a view of its concept, challenges and strategies. BMC Geriatr., 18,220.
WHO definition of palliative care. https://www.who.int/newsroom/factsheets/detail/palliative-care Access Date: 14.01.2023
Vincent, G.K., Velkoff, V.A. (2010). The next four decades: the older population in the United States: 2010 to 2050. US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US. (1138)
Wil L., Santivasi., Daniel K., Partain., Kevin J., W. (2020). The role of geriatric palliative care in hospitalized older adults, Hospital Practice, 48:sup1, 37-47, DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2019.1703707.
World Health Organization. (2015). Sıxty‐seventh World Health Assembly. Access Date: 16.01.2023 https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/260211
World Population Prospects 2022 https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd_2022_wpp_key-messages.pdf Access Date: 15.07.2023
Wright, M., Clark, D. (2012). Cicely Saunders and the development of hospice palliative care. In H Coward & KI Stajduhar (Eds.), Religious understandings of a good death in hospice palliative care. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Wright, M., Wood, J., Lynch, T.., et al. (2008) Mapping levels of palliative care development: A global view. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 35(5),469-485.
Referanslar
Aggarwal, NK. (2010). Reassessing cultural evaluations in geriatrics: insights from cultural psychiatry. J Am Geriatr Soc. 58(11),2191–2196.
Akçakaya, A. (2019). Palliative Care and Medicine. Istanbul Medical Bookstores.
Akın Korhan, E., Kırşan, M., Yıldırım, D., et al. (2019). Ethical issues in palliative care: a systematic review. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics DOI: 10.5336/mdethic.2019-65994.
Albers, G., Froggatt, K., Block, L.V., et al. (2016). A qualitative exploration of the collaborative working between palliative care and geriatric medicine: barriers and facilitators from a European perspective. BMC Palliat Care, 15,47.
Almeida, CSL., Sales, CA., Marcon, SS. (2014). The existence of nursing in caring for terminally ills’life: a phenomenological study, Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP, 48(1), 34-40.
Ayan, M. Why Palliative Care? Emergency Medicine Specialists Association Web Page. https://www.atuder.org.tr/75/haberler/689/nedenpalyatif-bakim Access Date: 16.07.2023
Barton, A., Mulley, G. (2003). History of the development of geriatric medicine in the UK. Postgraduate Medical Journal,79(930), 229–234. https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.79.930.229
Global Health and Aging, National Institute of Aging, NIH, WHO, 2011
Basol, R. (2019). Outlook of the Elderly Population in Türkiye and EU Countries. KOSBED,37,35 – 46
Bertachine, L., Pessini, L. (2010). The importance of the spiritual dimension in the practice of palliative care, Revista Bioethica, 4(3), 315-323.
Bingley, A., Clark, D. (2009). A comparative review of palliative care development in six countries represented by the Middle East Cancer Consortium (Mecc). Journal Of Pain and Symptom Management.37(3),287-96.
Bloomer, J.M., Botti, M., Runacsres, F., et al. (2019). End of life care for older people in subacute care: A retrospective clinical audit. Collegian, 26(1),22-27.
Can, G. (2018). Nursing care for common symptoms in advanced-stage cancer patients. Palliative care and hospice congress booklet with international participation. Istanbul.
Çelik, M., Koç, A. (2021). Evaluation of the Palliative Care Model and Use of Measurement Tools in Our Country. Turkish Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 4(3), 30-41
Dalcalı, BK. (2019). Spiritual Care and Nursing in Palliative Care Units. SAUHSD 2(2),29-37.
Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, United Nations. (2015). World Population Ageing 2015. New York: United Nations; p.164
Digby, R., Bloomer, M. (2014). People with dementia and the hospital environment: The views of patients and family carers. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 9(1), 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/opn.12014
Doğanay, G., Güven, S. (2019). Women Taking on the Role of Elderly Care in the Family and Their Views: The Example of Giresun Province. Black Sea Journal of Social Sciences, 11(21), 343-357
El-Jawahri, A., Greer, J., Temel, J. (2011). Does palliative care improve outcomes for patients with incurable illness? A review of the evidence. J Supportive Oncol. 05/01(9),87–94.
Erol, S., Ergün, A. (2019). Geriatric Palliative Care: Why, Where, When, How and By Whom Should It Be Provided? Journal of Public Health Nursing, 1(2), 38-48
Evers, M.M., Meier, DE., Morrison, RS. (2002). Assessing differences in care needs and service utilization in geriatric palliative care patients. J Pain Symptom Manage, 23,424 432.
Fain, K.M., Alexander, G.C., Dore, D.D., et al. (2017). Frequency and predictors of analgesic prescribing in U.S. nursing home residents with persistent pain. J Am Geriatr Soc.65(2),286–293.
Faull, C., Nyatanga, B. (2005). Terminal Care and Dying. In: Faull C, Carter Y H, Daniels L, eds. Handbook of Palliative Care. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. USA. p. 380- 408.
Ferrell, B.R., Twaddle, M.L., Melnick, A., et al. (2018). National Consensus Project clinical practice guidelines for quality palliative care guidelines, 4th edition. J Palliat Med. 4;21(12),1684–1689.
Global Atlas of Palliative Care 2nd Edition – 2020 www.thewhpca.org Access Date: 14.07.2023
Guerrero, J.G. (2019). Palliative nursing care as applied to geriatric: An integrative literature review. Nurs Palliat Care, 4(1),1-6 doi: 10.15761/NPC.1000199
Higginson, I. (2016). Research challenges in palliative and end-of-life care. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care, 6(1), 2–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJSPCARE-2015-001091
Hunt, K.J., Walsh, B.M., Voegeli, D., Roberts, H.C. (2010). Inflammation in aging part 2: Implications for the health of older people and recommendations for nursing practice. Biological Research for Nursing, 3(11), 253–260.
Işıkhan, V. (2016). The place and future of the social work profession in palliative care services. Society and Social Work 27(2),97-112.
Jox, R.J., Schaider, A., Marckmann, G., et al. (2012). Medical futility at the end of life: the perspectives of intensive care and palliative care clinicians. J Med Ethics. 38(9),540–545.
Kabalak, A.A., Kahveci, K., Gokcinar, D., et al. (2013).Structuring of palliative care in Ankara Ulus State Hospital, Turkey; 2012-2013. J Palliat Care Med.3(5),2-5
Kar, N. (2015). Care Needs Of Older Persons. Journal of Geriatric Care and Research, 2(1), 1-2.
Karacan, E. (2017). Elderly Population in Turkey within the Scope of Social Policy: Problems and Solution Suggestions. International Journal of Social Research, 10(49), 637-644.
Kelley, A.S., Morrison, RS. (2015). Palliative Care for the Seriously Ill. N Engl J Med. 20;373(8),747–755.
Kivanc, M.M. (2017). Palliative care services in Turkey. Journal of Health Sciences and Professions. 4(2),132-5.
Kudo, S., Mutisya, E., Nagao, M. (2015). Population Aging: An Emerging Research Agenda for Sustainable Development. Social science. (4), 940-966.
Kuyumcu, M.E., Yeşil, Y., Cankurtaran, M. (2012). Interdisciplinary Team from the Perspective of a Geriatrician. Society and Social Work. 23(2),115-123.
Laury, E.R., MacKenzie-Greenle, M., Meghani, S. (2019). Advance care planning outcomes in African Americans: an empirical look at the trust variable. J Palliat Med. 22(4),442–451.
Lorenz, K.A., Lynn, J., Dy, S.M., et al. (2008). Evidence for improving palliative care at the end of life: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 48,147-59.
Lundbergand, P.C., Kerdonfag, P. (2010). Spiritual care provided by Thai nurses in intensive care units, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19,1121-28
Lynch, T., Connor, S., Clark, D. (2013). Mapping levels of palliative care development: A global update. Journal Of Pain And Symptom Management, 45(6),1094-1106.
MacLeod, D., Van Den Block, L. (2019).Textbook of Palliative Care. Springer. 149-177.
Madenoğlu Kıvanç, M. (2017). Palliative care services in Turkey. HSP. 4(2),132-135.
Enç, N. (2017). Internal Medicine Nursing. Nobel Medical Bookstore. 400-414.
Mandıracıoğlu, A. (2010). Demographic characteristics of the elderly in the world and in Turkey. Aegean Medical Journal. 49,39-45
Maxwell, T. (2000). Cancer pain management in the elderly. Geriatr Nurs.21(3),158–163.
National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care, Executive Summary. (2004). Journal Of Pallıatıve Medıcıne 7(5):611-27. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2004.7.61
Olsen, M.L., Swetz, K.M., Mueller, P.S. (2010). Ethical decision making with end-oflife care: palliative sedation and withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments. Mayo Clin Proc., 85(10),949–954
Ozgul, N., Koc, O., Gultekin, M., et al. (2011). Opioids for Cancer Pain: Availability, Accessibility, and Regulatory Barriers in Turkey and Pallia-Turk Project. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol., 33(1),29-31.
Palliative care for older people: better practices. (2011). World Health Organization; 1st edition.
Rastogi, R., Meek, BD. (2013). Management of chronic pain in elderly, frail patients: finding a suitable, personalized method of control. Clin Interv Aging. 8,37–46.
Reynolds, K., Pietrzak, R.H., El-Gabalawy, R., et al. (2015). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in U.S. older adults: findings from a nationally representative survey. World Psychiatry. 14(1),74–81.
Roberts, A.W., Ogunwole, S.U. (2018). The Population 65 Years and Older in the United States: 2016. ABD: American Community Survey Reports.
Sarıçam, O., Kahveci, K. (2021). Aging and geriatric palliative care. Anatolian Curr Med J, 3(3),251-255.
Saygılı, S. (2017). Psychology of Old Age (2nd b.). Istanbul: Türdav Publications.
Sisk, B., Frankel, R., Kodish, E., et al. (2016). The truth about truth-telling in American medicine: A brief history.:Perm J., 20(3),215–219
Şahin, S. (2017). Palliative Care in Geriatrics. Türkiye Clinics J Anesthesiol Reanimat Spec Topics, 10,36-41
Şeker, A., Kurt, G. (2018). Aging and Social Work Practices as a Social Policy Field. Journal of Population Science, (40), 7-30
T.R. Ministry of Health Public Health Institution. National Cancer Control Plan 2013-2018.
Taşar, P.T., Şahin, S, Akçiçek, F. (2014). Palliative Care in Geriatrics. Akkadian Geriatrics (6), 73-78.
Turkish Statistical Institute. (2017). Elderly People with Statistics 2017, Newsletter Issue: 27595. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=27595, Access Date:14.01.2023
Thekkumpurath, P., Venkateswaran, C., Kumar, M., et al. (2008). Screening for psychological distress in palliative care: A systematic review.: Journal of Pain Symptom Manage. 36(5),520-528
Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK), Elderly People with Statistics, 2022. ISSUE: 49667 https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=%C4%B0statistikzler-Ya%C5%9Fl%C4%B1lar-2022- 49667&dil= Access Date: 17.07.2023
United Nations. Follow-up to the Second World Assembly on Ageing: Report of the Secretary-General. (2011). General Assembly Resolution, 66:173.
Unsar, S., Ero,l O., Sut, N. (2016). Social Support and Qualıty of Life Among Older Adults. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 9(1), 249-257.
Uslu, FŞ., Terzioğlu, F. (2015). Palliative Care Education and Organization in the World and in Turkey. Cumhuriyet Nursing Journal. 4(2),81-90.
Utku, E., Hacıkamiloğlu, E., Boztaş, G., et al. (2017). Palliative Treatment and Care Organization and Practices in Turkey. Turkey Clinics J Med Oncol-Special Topics.10(3),240-4.
Voumard, R., Truchard, E.R., Benaroyo, L., et al.(2018). Geriatric palliative care: a view of its concept, challenges and strategies. BMC Geriatr., 18,220.
WHO definition of palliative care. https://www.who.int/newsroom/factsheets/detail/palliative-care Access Date: 14.01.2023
Vincent, G.K., Velkoff, V.A. (2010). The next four decades: the older population in the United States: 2010 to 2050. US Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, US. (1138)
Wil L., Santivasi., Daniel K., Partain., Kevin J., W. (2020). The role of geriatric palliative care in hospitalized older adults, Hospital Practice, 48:sup1, 37-47, DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2019.1703707.
World Health Organization. (2015). Sıxty‐seventh World Health Assembly. Access Date: 16.01.2023 https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/260211
World Population Prospects 2022 https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/undesa_pd_2022_wpp_key-messages.pdf Access Date: 15.07.2023
Wright, M., Clark, D. (2012). Cicely Saunders and the development of hospice palliative care. In H Coward & KI Stajduhar (Eds.), Religious understandings of a good death in hospice palliative care. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Wright, M., Wood, J., Lynch, T.., et al. (2008) Mapping levels of palliative care development: A global view. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 35(5),469-485.
