Çocuklarda Molar Keser Hipomineralizasyonu Genel Bir Bakış
Özet
Dişin minesinde meydana gelen defektler, kalıtsal, edinilmiş, lokal ve sistemik olarak birçok etiyolojik faktöre bağlıdır. Ve bu defektler, mine oluşumu sırasında ameloblastların etkilenmesiyle oluşmakta; amelogenezin başlangıç aşamasında meydana geldiğinde mine hipoplazisi ile sonuçlanırken; olgunlaşma aşamasındaki kusurlar mine hipomineralizasyonuyla sonuçlanmaktadır. Dünya genelinde yaygın olarak görülen ve her altı çocuktan birini etkilediği tahmin edilen ‘Molar keser hipomineralizasyonu (MKH)’, daimi molar ve keser dişlerin minesinde hipomineralizasyona sebep olan bir diş doku defektidir. Mine hafiften şiddetliye, asimetrik yoğunlukta ve opasitenin renk tonu beyazdan sarı/kahverengiye kadar değişen şekilde etkilenmiştir. Etkilenen diş sayısı, potansiyel sistemik rahatsızlığın meydana geldiği zamanla ilişkili bulunmuş; pre-peri-post natal dönemde sağlık problemi yaşayan çocuklarda artan bir şekilde daha fazla dişin etkilendiği görülmüştür. Diş dokularının morfolojik ve yapısal özellikleri ile kronik ağrı geçmişi sebebiyle bu dişlerin restorasyonu zordur; bu yüzden erken tanı ve tedavinin önemi büyüktür. Mine yıkımının ve çürüklerinin önlenmesinden, aşırı duyarlılık ve ağrının yönetimine, koruyucu ve restoratif tedavilerden erken diş çekimine kadar uzanan geniş bir tedavi yöntemi skalası mevcuttur. MKH tanısı konulan çocuk hastada lezyonların türü, sayısı, çürük riski, hassasiyet derecesi ve tedavi ihtiyacının belirlenmesinin ardından hastanın yaşı ve kooperasyonu gibi faktörler göz önünde bulundurularak kişiye özgü bir tedavi planı yapılmalıdır.
Defects occurring in the enamel of the tooth depend on many etiological factors such as hereditary, acquired, local and systemic. And these defects are formed by the effect of ameloblasts during enamel formation; when it occurs in the initial stage of amelogenesis, it results in enamel hypoplasia; while defects during the maturation stage result in enamel hypomineralization. ‘Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH)’, which is commonly seen worldwide and is estimated to affect one in every six children, is a dental tissue defect that causes hypomineralization in the enamel of permanent molars and incisors. The enamel is affected from mild to severe, with asymmetrical density and the color tone of the opacity varies from white to yellow/brown. The number of affected teeth was found to be related to the time when the potential systemic disorder occurs; it was observed that more teeth were affected in children who had health problems in the pre-peri-post natal period. Restoration of these teeth is difficult due to the morphological and structural characteristics of the dental tissues and the history of chronic pain; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance. There is a wide range of treatment options, from preventing enamel destruction and caries to managing hypersensitivity and pain, from preventive and restorative treatments to early tooth extraction. After determining the type and number of lesions, caries risk, degree of sensitivity and need for treatment in a child diagnosed with MIH, a personalized treatment plan should be developed, taking into account factors such as the patient's age and cooperation.
Referanslar
Salanitri S, Seow WK. Developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition: aetiology and clinical management. Australian dental journal. 2013;58(2):133-140.
Koruyucu M, Özel S, Tuna EB. Prevalence and etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the city of Istanbul. Journal of dental sciences. 2018;13(4):318-328.
Elfrink MEC, Ghanim A, Manton DJ, et al. Standardised studies on molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM): a need. European archives of paediatric dentistry. 2015;16:247-255.
Almuallem Z, Busuttil-Naudi A. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH)–an overview. British dental journal. 2018;225(7):601-609.
Hubbard MJ. Molar hypomineralization: What is the US experience? The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2018;149(5):329-330.
Giuca MR, Lardani L, Pasini M, et al. State-of-the-art on MIH. Part. 1 Definition and aepidemiology. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2020;21(1):80-82.
Sönmez H, Yıldırım G, Bezgin, T. Putative factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation: an epidemiological study. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2013;14:375-380.
Mittal NP, Goyal A, Gauba K, et al. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: prevalence and clinical presentation in school children of the northern region of India. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2014;15:11-18.
Da Costa‐Silva CM, Ambrosano GM, Jeremias, F, et al. Increase in severity of molar–incisor hypomineralization and its relationship with the colour of enamel opacity: a prospective cohort study. International journal of paediatric dentistry. 2011;21(5):333-341.
Fagrell TG, Dietz W, Jälevik B, et al. Chemical, mechanical and morphological properties of hypomineralized enamel of permanent first molars. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2010;68(4):215-222.
Jalevik B, Klingberg G. Treatment outcomes and dentalanxiety in 18-year-olds with MIH, comparisons with healthycontrols — a longitudinal study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2012;22(2):85–91.
Giuca MR, Cappe M, Carli E, et al. Investigation of clinical characteristics and etiological factors in children with molar incisor hypomineralization. Int J Dent. 2018(1), 7584736.
Mulic A, Cehajic E, Tveit AB, et al. Hoe serious is Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) among 8-and 9-year-old children in Bosnia-Herzegovina? A clinical study. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2017;2:153-157.
Cabral RN, Nyvad B, Soviero VLVM, et al. Reliability and validity of a new classification of MIH based on severity. Clinical oral investigations. 2020;24:727-734.
Weerheijm, K. L., Duggal, M., Mejàre, I., Papagiannoulis, L., Koch G, Martens LC, Hallonsten AL. Judgement criteria for Molar Incisor Hypomincralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: A summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003. European journal of paediatric dentistry. 2003;4:110-114.
Jalevik B, Klingberg GA. Dental treatment, dental fear andbehaviour management problems in children with severeenamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002;12(1):24–32.
Krämer N, Khac NHNB, Lücker S, et al. Bonding strategies for MIH-affected enamel and dentin. Dental Materials. 2018;34(2):331-340.
Baroni C, Marchionni S. MIH supplementation strategies:prospective clinical and laboratory trial. J Dent Res. 2011;90(3):371–376.
Wright JT. Diagnosis and treatment of molar‐incisor hypomineralization. Handbook of clinical techniques in pediatric dentistry; 2015. p. 99-106.
Kotsanos N, Kaklamanos EG, Arapostathis K. Treatment management of first permanent molars in children with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation. European journal of paediatric dentistry. 2005;6(4):179.
Jälevik B, Klingberg GA. Dental treatment, dental fear and behaviour management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars. International journal of paediatric dentistry. 2002;12(1):24-32.
William V, Messer LB, Burrow MF. Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and recommendations for clinical management. Pediatric dentistry. 2006;28(3):224-232.
Glodkowska N, Emerich K. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: prevalence and severity among children from Nothern Poland. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2019;20(1):59-66.
Referanslar
Salanitri S, Seow WK. Developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition: aetiology and clinical management. Australian dental journal. 2013;58(2):133-140.
Koruyucu M, Özel S, Tuna EB. Prevalence and etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in the city of Istanbul. Journal of dental sciences. 2018;13(4):318-328.
Elfrink MEC, Ghanim A, Manton DJ, et al. Standardised studies on molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) and hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM): a need. European archives of paediatric dentistry. 2015;16:247-255.
Almuallem Z, Busuttil-Naudi A. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH)–an overview. British dental journal. 2018;225(7):601-609.
Hubbard MJ. Molar hypomineralization: What is the US experience? The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2018;149(5):329-330.
Giuca MR, Lardani L, Pasini M, et al. State-of-the-art on MIH. Part. 1 Definition and aepidemiology. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2020;21(1):80-82.
Sönmez H, Yıldırım G, Bezgin, T. Putative factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation: an epidemiological study. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2013;14:375-380.
Mittal NP, Goyal A, Gauba K, et al. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: prevalence and clinical presentation in school children of the northern region of India. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry. 2014;15:11-18.
Da Costa‐Silva CM, Ambrosano GM, Jeremias, F, et al. Increase in severity of molar–incisor hypomineralization and its relationship with the colour of enamel opacity: a prospective cohort study. International journal of paediatric dentistry. 2011;21(5):333-341.
Fagrell TG, Dietz W, Jälevik B, et al. Chemical, mechanical and morphological properties of hypomineralized enamel of permanent first molars. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2010;68(4):215-222.
Jalevik B, Klingberg G. Treatment outcomes and dentalanxiety in 18-year-olds with MIH, comparisons with healthycontrols — a longitudinal study. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2012;22(2):85–91.
Giuca MR, Cappe M, Carli E, et al. Investigation of clinical characteristics and etiological factors in children with molar incisor hypomineralization. Int J Dent. 2018(1), 7584736.
Mulic A, Cehajic E, Tveit AB, et al. Hoe serious is Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) among 8-and 9-year-old children in Bosnia-Herzegovina? A clinical study. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2017;2:153-157.
Cabral RN, Nyvad B, Soviero VLVM, et al. Reliability and validity of a new classification of MIH based on severity. Clinical oral investigations. 2020;24:727-734.
Weerheijm, K. L., Duggal, M., Mejàre, I., Papagiannoulis, L., Koch G, Martens LC, Hallonsten AL. Judgement criteria for Molar Incisor Hypomincralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: A summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003. European journal of paediatric dentistry. 2003;4:110-114.
Jalevik B, Klingberg GA. Dental treatment, dental fear andbehaviour management problems in children with severeenamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002;12(1):24–32.
Krämer N, Khac NHNB, Lücker S, et al. Bonding strategies for MIH-affected enamel and dentin. Dental Materials. 2018;34(2):331-340.
Baroni C, Marchionni S. MIH supplementation strategies:prospective clinical and laboratory trial. J Dent Res. 2011;90(3):371–376.
Wright JT. Diagnosis and treatment of molar‐incisor hypomineralization. Handbook of clinical techniques in pediatric dentistry; 2015. p. 99-106.
Kotsanos N, Kaklamanos EG, Arapostathis K. Treatment management of first permanent molars in children with Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation. European journal of paediatric dentistry. 2005;6(4):179.
Jälevik B, Klingberg GA. Dental treatment, dental fear and behaviour management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars. International journal of paediatric dentistry. 2002;12(1):24-32.
William V, Messer LB, Burrow MF. Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and recommendations for clinical management. Pediatric dentistry. 2006;28(3):224-232.
Glodkowska N, Emerich K. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization: prevalence and severity among children from Nothern Poland. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. 2019;20(1):59-66.
