Otoimmün Romatolojik Hastalıkların Laboratuvar Tanısı: Otoantikorlar
Özet
Edinsel immünite birçok enfeksiyonlara yol açabilen mikroorganizmalara karşı konak savunmasında oldukça önemli fonksiyonlar kazanmasına rağmen öz antijenlerimize karşı çoğu zaman yanıtsız kalmaktadır. İmmunolojik tolerans olarak tanımlanan bu yanıtsızlık durumu öz antijenlerimize yanıt veren lenfositlerin farklı mekanizmalarla ortadan kaldırılması ile sağlanır. Bu mekanizmalardaki aksaklık otoimmüniteyi neden olmaktadır. Otoimmün romatolojik hastalıklar diye tanımlanan ve otoimmünitenin başlıca hastalık grubuna ait semptom ve bulguların yanında hastalığa özgü otoantikoların varlığı tanıda önemli yer tutmaktadır.
Although acquired immunity gains very important functions in host defense against microorganisms that can cause many infections, it often remains unresponsive to our own antigens. This unresponsiveness, defined as immunologic tolerance, is achieved by eliminating lymphocytes that respond to our own antigens by different mechanisms. Failure in these mechanisms causes autoimmunity. The presence of disease-specific autoantibodies in addition to the symptoms and signs of the main disease group of autoimmunity, defined as autoimmune rheumatologic diseases, plays an important role in the diagnosis.
Referanslar
Abul K. Abbas , Andrew H. Lichtman , Shiv Pillai. Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System. 6th Edition. Elsevier; 2020.
Peter J. Delves, Seamus J. Martin, Dennis R. Burton, Ivan M. Roitt. Roitt’s Essential Immunology 11th Edition. Blackwell Publishing; 2008.
Tsai HL, Chang JW, Lu JH, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors associated with avascular necrosis in patients with autoimmune diseases: a nationwide study. Korean J Intern Med; 2022; 7(3):864-876.
Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet; 2016;10(22):388(10055):2023-2038.
Smith V, Scire CA, Talarico R, et al. Systemic sclerosis: state of the art on clinical practice guidelines. RMD Open 2018; 4: e000782.
Brito-Zerón P, Retamozo S, Ramos-Casals M. Phenotyping Sjögren's syndrome: towards a personalised management of the disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol; 2018;36 Suppl 112(3):198-209.
Gunnarsson R, Hetlevik SO, Lilleby V, et al. Mixed connective tissue disease. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol; 2016;30(1):95-111. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.03.002.
https://www.klimud.org.otoantikorların laboratuvar tanısı rehberi
Damoiseaux J, Andrade LEC, Carballo OG, et al. Clinical relevance of HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescent patterns: the International Consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP) perspective. Ann Rheum Dis; 2019;78(7):879-889. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214436.
https://www.anapatterns.org (erişim tarihi: 21.09.2024)
Meroni PL, Biggioggero M, Pierangeli SS, et al. Standardization of autoantibody testing: a paradigm for serology in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol; 2014;10(1):35-43. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.180.
Agmon-Levin N, Damoiseaux J, Kallenberg C, et al. International recommendations for the assessment of autoantibodies to cellular antigens referred to as anti-nuclear antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis; 2014;73(1):17-23. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203863.
Mahler M, Meroni PL, Bossuyt X, et al. Current concepts and future directions for the assessment of autoantibodies to cellular antigens referred to as anti-nuclear antibodies. J Immunol Res; 2014;2014:315179. doi: 10.1155/2014/315179.
Solomon DH, Kavanaugh AJ, Schur PH; American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Immunologic Testing Guidelines. Evidence-based guidelines for the use of immunologic tests: antinuclear antibody testing. Arthritis Rheum; 2002;47(4):434-444. doi: 10.1002/art.10561.
Kavanaugh A, Tomar R, Reveille J, et al. Guidelines for clinical use of the antinuclear antibody test and tests for specific autoantibodies to nuclear antigens. American College of Pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med; 2000;124(1):71-81. doi: 10.5858/2000-124-0071-GFCUOT.
Meroni PL, Biggioggero M, Pierangeli SS, et al. Standardization of autoantibody testing: a paradigm for serology in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol; 2014;10(1):35-43. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.180.
Mahler M, Fritzler MJ. The clinical significance of the dense fine speckled immunofluorescence pattern on HEp-2 cells for the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Clin Dev Immunol; 2012;2012:494356. doi: 10.1155/2012/494356.
Stinton LM, Fritzler MJ. A clinical approach to autoantibody testing in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Autoimmun Rev; 2007;7(1):77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2007.08.003.
Meroni PL, Bizzaro N, Cavazzana I, et al. Automated tests of ANA immunofluorescence as throughput autoantibody detection technology: strengths and limitations. BMC Med; 2014;12:38. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-38.
Wiik AS, Høier-Madsen M, Forslid J, et al. Antinuclear antibodies: a contemporary nomenclature using HEp-2 cells. J Autoimmun; 2010;35(3):276-290. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.06.019.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Autoantibody determination in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Immunol; 2006;64(3):227-235. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01819.x.
Brito Fde A, Santos SM, Ferreira GA, et al. Detection of anti-nuclear antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells: setting the appropriate screening dilution for the diagnosis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Rev Bras Reumatol; 2014;54(1):13-20.
Hu CJ, Zhang FC, Li YZ, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis: what do autoantibodies tell us? World J Gastroenterol; 2010;16(29):3616-3629. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i29.3616.
Khan S, Alvi A, Holding S, et al. The clinical significance of antinucleolar antibodies. J Clin Pathol; 2008;61(3):283-286. doi: 10.1136/jcp.2007.049692.
Phan TG, Wong RC, Adelstein S. Autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens: making detection and interpretation more meaningful. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol; 2002;9(1):1-7. doi: 10.1128/cdli.9.1.1-7.2002.
Referanslar
Abul K. Abbas , Andrew H. Lichtman , Shiv Pillai. Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System. 6th Edition. Elsevier; 2020.
Peter J. Delves, Seamus J. Martin, Dennis R. Burton, Ivan M. Roitt. Roitt’s Essential Immunology 11th Edition. Blackwell Publishing; 2008.
Tsai HL, Chang JW, Lu JH, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors associated with avascular necrosis in patients with autoimmune diseases: a nationwide study. Korean J Intern Med; 2022; 7(3):864-876.
Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet; 2016;10(22):388(10055):2023-2038.
Smith V, Scire CA, Talarico R, et al. Systemic sclerosis: state of the art on clinical practice guidelines. RMD Open 2018; 4: e000782.
Brito-Zerón P, Retamozo S, Ramos-Casals M. Phenotyping Sjögren's syndrome: towards a personalised management of the disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol; 2018;36 Suppl 112(3):198-209.
Gunnarsson R, Hetlevik SO, Lilleby V, et al. Mixed connective tissue disease. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol; 2016;30(1):95-111. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.03.002.
https://www.klimud.org.otoantikorların laboratuvar tanısı rehberi
Damoiseaux J, Andrade LEC, Carballo OG, et al. Clinical relevance of HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescent patterns: the International Consensus on ANA patterns (ICAP) perspective. Ann Rheum Dis; 2019;78(7):879-889. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214436.
https://www.anapatterns.org (erişim tarihi: 21.09.2024)
Meroni PL, Biggioggero M, Pierangeli SS, et al. Standardization of autoantibody testing: a paradigm for serology in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol; 2014;10(1):35-43. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.180.
Agmon-Levin N, Damoiseaux J, Kallenberg C, et al. International recommendations for the assessment of autoantibodies to cellular antigens referred to as anti-nuclear antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis; 2014;73(1):17-23. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203863.
Mahler M, Meroni PL, Bossuyt X, et al. Current concepts and future directions for the assessment of autoantibodies to cellular antigens referred to as anti-nuclear antibodies. J Immunol Res; 2014;2014:315179. doi: 10.1155/2014/315179.
Solomon DH, Kavanaugh AJ, Schur PH; American College of Rheumatology Ad Hoc Committee on Immunologic Testing Guidelines. Evidence-based guidelines for the use of immunologic tests: antinuclear antibody testing. Arthritis Rheum; 2002;47(4):434-444. doi: 10.1002/art.10561.
Kavanaugh A, Tomar R, Reveille J, et al. Guidelines for clinical use of the antinuclear antibody test and tests for specific autoantibodies to nuclear antigens. American College of Pathologists. Arch Pathol Lab Med; 2000;124(1):71-81. doi: 10.5858/2000-124-0071-GFCUOT.
Meroni PL, Biggioggero M, Pierangeli SS, et al. Standardization of autoantibody testing: a paradigm for serology in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol; 2014;10(1):35-43. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.180.
Mahler M, Fritzler MJ. The clinical significance of the dense fine speckled immunofluorescence pattern on HEp-2 cells for the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Clin Dev Immunol; 2012;2012:494356. doi: 10.1155/2012/494356.
Stinton LM, Fritzler MJ. A clinical approach to autoantibody testing in systemic autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Autoimmun Rev; 2007;7(1):77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2007.08.003.
Meroni PL, Bizzaro N, Cavazzana I, et al. Automated tests of ANA immunofluorescence as throughput autoantibody detection technology: strengths and limitations. BMC Med; 2014;12:38. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-12-38.
Wiik AS, Høier-Madsen M, Forslid J, et al. Antinuclear antibodies: a contemporary nomenclature using HEp-2 cells. J Autoimmun; 2010;35(3):276-290. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2010.06.019.
Kurien BT, Scofield RH. Autoantibody determination in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Immunol; 2006;64(3):227-235. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01819.x.
Brito Fde A, Santos SM, Ferreira GA, et al. Detection of anti-nuclear antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells: setting the appropriate screening dilution for the diagnosis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Rev Bras Reumatol; 2014;54(1):13-20.
Hu CJ, Zhang FC, Li YZ, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis: what do autoantibodies tell us? World J Gastroenterol; 2010;16(29):3616-3629. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i29.3616.
Khan S, Alvi A, Holding S, et al. The clinical significance of antinucleolar antibodies. J Clin Pathol; 2008;61(3):283-286. doi: 10.1136/jcp.2007.049692.
Phan TG, Wong RC, Adelstein S. Autoantibodies to extractable nuclear antigens: making detection and interpretation more meaningful. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol; 2002;9(1):1-7. doi: 10.1128/cdli.9.1.1-7.2002.
