Diyabetik Ketoasidoz

Nazim Onur Can; Nurda Öztürk Gündoğdu; Furkan Akpınar; Halil İbrahim Doru

doi:10.37609/akya.3283

Yazarlar

Nazim Onur Can

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4883-3776

Nurda Öztürk Gündoğdu

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6933-8864

Furkan Akpınar

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2089-5437

Halil İbrahim Doru

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-621X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37609/akya.3283.c11854

Özet

Diabetes mellitus rölatif ya da mutlak insülin eksikliği veya insülin direnci nedeniyle oluşan karbonhidrat metabolizma bozukluğudur. Diyabetik ketoasidoz (DKA) ise diyabetin akut komplikasyonları içerisinde yer alıp tedavideki gelişmelere rağmen mortalite ve morbiditenin önemli bir sebebini oluşturmaktadır. DKA temelde insülinin mutlak veya rölatif eksikliği ve glukagon, katekolamin, kortizol ve büyüme hormonu gibi kontrregülatuvar hormonların artışına bağlı olarak hiperglisemi, ozmotik diürez, dehidratasyon, ketonemi, artmış anyon gapli metabolik asidoz ile karakterize bir sendromdur. Diyabetik ketoasidozun erken tanısı ve uygun tedavi yönetimi DKA ve tedavi süreci sebebiyle oluşabilecek komplikasyonları en aza indirmekte, mortalite ve morbiditede azalma sağlamaktadır. Bu yazıda diyabetik ketoasidozun patofizyolojisi, oluşmasında etkili olan risk faktörleri, belirti ve bulguları, tanı koymada kullanılacak tetkik ve bu tetkiklerin değerlendirilmesi, ayırıcı tanılar, tedavi, diyabetik ketoasidozun ve tedavisinin sebep olabileceği komplikasyonlar anlatılacaktır.

Diabetes mellitus is a carbohydrate metabolism disorder caused by relative or absolute insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the acute complications of diabetes mellitus and is an important cause of mortality and morbidity despite improvements in treatment. DKA is a syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, dehydration, ketonemia, ketonemia, metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and increase in counterregulatory hormones such as glucagon, catecholamine, cortisol and growth hormone. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment management of diabetic ketoacidosis minimizes the complications that may occur due to DKA and the treatment process and reduces mortality and morbidity. In this article, the pathophysiology of diabetic ketoacidosis, risk factors, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests and evaluation of these tests, differential diagnoses, treatment, and complications of diabetic ketoacidosis and its treatment will be discussed.

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