Clostridium tetani ve Clostridium perfringens
Özet
Referanslar
Mavrouli M, Mavroulis S, Lekkas E, Tsakris A. The Impact of Earthquakes on Public Health: A Narrative Review of Infectious Diseases in the Post-Disaster Period Aiming to Disaster Risk Reduction. Microorganisms 2023;11(2):419.
Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Clostridium. Pp:307-317. In: Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Medical Microbiology 2021, 9th ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Rizk A, Abou Fayad A, Haraoui LP. Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections after Turkey/Syria Earthquakes, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2023;29(6):1273-1275.
World Health Organization. Health laboratory facilities in emergency and disaster situations. 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; (2017).
Keven K, Ates K, Sever MS, Yenicesu M, Canbakan B, Arinsoy T, et al. Infectious complications after mass disasters: the Marmara earthquake experience. Scand J Infect Dis 2003;35(2):110-113.
Öncül O, Keskin Ö, Acar HV, Küçükardalı Y, Evrenkaya R, Atasoyu EM, et al. Hospital-acquired infections following the 1999 Marmara earthquake. J Hosp Infect 2002;51(1):47-51.
Ulusoy S, Kılınç İ, Oruç M, Özdemir B, Ergani HM, Keskin ÖH, et al. Analysis of wound types and wound care methods after the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2023;34(2):488-496.
Eryilmaz-Eren E, Yalcin S, Ozan F, Saatci E, Suzuk-Yildiz S, Ture Z, et al. An outbreak analysis of wound infection due to Acinetobacter baumannii in earthquake-trauma patients. Am J Infect Control 2024;52(5):599-604.
Bekçibaşı M, Hoşoğlu S, Deveci Ö, Dayan S. Therapy for wound infections after earthquakes requires inclusion of drugs targeting Gram-negative bacteria. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017;49(11-12):862-864.
Yang C, Wang HY, Zhong HJ, Zhou L, Jiang DM, Du DY, et al. The epidemiological analyses of trauma patients in Chongqing teaching hospitals following the Wenchuan earthquake. Injury 2009;40:488–492.
Wang Y, Hao P, Lu B, Yu H, Huang W, Hou H, et al. Causes of infection after earthquake, China, 2008. Emerg Infect Dis 2010;16(6):974-975.
Chen E, Deng L, Liu Z, Zhu X, Chen X, Tang H. Management of gas gangrene in Wenchuan earthquake victims. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2011;31(1):83-87.
Pascapurnama DN, Murakami A, Chagan-Yasutan H, Hattori T, Sasaki H, Egawa S. Prevention of Tetanus Outbreak Following Natural Disaster in Indonesia: Lessons Learned from Previous Disasters. Tohoku J Exp Med 2016;238(3):219-227.
Firth PG, Solomon JB, Roberts LL, Gleeson TD. Airway management of tetanus after the Haitian earthquake: new aspects of old observations. Anesth Analg 2011;113(3):545-547.
Sutiono AB, Qiantori A, Suwa H, Ohta T. Characteristic tetanus infection in disaster-affected areas: case study of the Yogyakarta earthquakes in Indonesia. BMC Res Notes 2010;18;3:8.
Procop GW, Church DL, Hall GS, Janda WM, Koneman EW, Schreckenberger PC, et al. The Anaerobic Bacteria. Pp: 983-1073. In: Procop GW, Church DL, Hall GS, Janda WM, Koneman EW, Schreckenberger PC, Woods GL. Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology 2017 7th ed. Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia.
Rood JI, Adams V, Lacey J, Lyras D, McClane BA, Melville SB, et al. Expansion of the Clostridium perfringens toxin-based typing scheme. Anaerobe 2018;53:5-10.
Levinson W. Gram-Positive Rods. Pp: 131-142 In: Levinson W, Chin-Hong P, Joyce EA, Nussbaum J, Schwartz B. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 2018. 15th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, United States of America.
Bociąga-Jasik M. Clostridial Myonecrosis (Gas Gangrene). McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine. Kraków: Medycyna Praktyczna. https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.18.3.4. (Accessed date: 26.6.2024)
KLİMUD. Klinik örnekten sonuç raporuna uygulama rehberi: Deri, deri ekleri, yumuşak doku ve göz örnekleri laboratuvar inceleme rehberi. 2.Baskı. 2024, KLİMUD, Ankara.
Tille MT. Anaerobic bacteriplogy: Laboratory considerations. Pp: 458-483, Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections. Pp: 961-972. In: Tille MT. Bailey’s and Scott. 2014, 13th ed. Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri.
Citron DM, Warren YA, Hudspeth MK, Goldstein EJ. Survival of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in purulent clinical specimens maintained in the Copan Venturi Transystem and Becton Dickinson Port-a-Cul transport systems. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38(2):892-894.
Judy Holden and Gerri S. Hall. Collection and Transport of Clinical Specimens for Anaerobic Culture: Anaerobic Bacteriology. Pp: 4.2.1-4.2.8 In: Garcia, Lynne Shore, Isenberg, Henry D. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook 3rd ed. 2010 ASM Press, Washington, DC.
Klinik örnekten sonuç raporuna uygulama rehberi: Kan dolaşimi örneklerinin laboratuvar incelemesi rehberi 2. Baskı, 2022, KLİMUD, Ankara.
Guilhot E, Khelaifia S, La Scola B, Raoult D, Dubourg G. Methods for culturing anaerobes from human specimen. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:369-381.
Nagy E, Boyanova L, Justesen US. ESCMID Study Group of Anaerobic Infections. How to isolate, identify and determine antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in routine laboratories. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018;24(11):1139-1148.
The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 14.0, 2024. http://www.eucast.org
Sárvári KP, Schoblocher D. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of gas gangrene-forming Clostridium spp. clinical isolates from South-Eastern Hungary. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020;52(3):196-201.
Haider Z, Ali T, Ullah A, Basit A, Tahir H, Tariq H, et al. Isolation, toxinotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from Pakistan poultry. Anaerobe 2022; 73:102499.
Forbes JD, Kus JV, Patel SN. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of invasive isolates of anaerobic bacteria from a large Canadian reference laboratory: 2012-2019. Anaerobe 2021; 70:102386.
Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;59(2):e10-e52.
Titball RW. Clostridium perfringens vaccines. Vaccine 2009;27 Suppl 4:D44-D47.
Wuthisuthimethawee P, Lindquist SJ, Sandler N, Clavisi O, Korin S, Watters D, et al. Wound management in disaster settings. World J Surg 2015;39(4):842-853.
Thwaites CL, Yen LM, Nga NT, Parry J, Binh NT, Loan HT, et al. Impact of improved vaccination programme and intensive care facilities on incidence and outcome of tetanus in southern Vietnam, 1993–2002. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2004;98(11):671-677.
Tiwari TSP, Moro PL, Acosta AM. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine‐preventable diseases: Tetanus. Pp: 315-328 In: Tiwari TSP, Moro PL, Acosta AM. The Pink Book: Course Textbook. 2021, 14th ed. CDC Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/tetanus.pdf.
World Health Organization. (2018). The immunological basis for immunization series: module 3: tetanus, update 2018. World Health Organization. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/275340
Yamaguchi J, Kinoshita K. The threat of a new tetanus outbreak due to urban flooding disaster requires vigilance: a narrative review. Acute Med Surg 2023;10(1):e839.
Campbell JI, Lam TM, Huynh TL, To SD, Tran TT, Nguyen VM, et al. Microbiologic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium tetani isolated from wounds of patients with clinically diagnosed tetanus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009; 80: 827–31.
Hanif H, Anjum A, Ali N, Jamal A, Imran M, Ahmad B. Isolation and antibiogram of Clostridium tetani from clinically diagnosed tetanus patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93: 752–56.
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Aşı portalı. Erişim adresi:https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/asi/images/yayinlar/85x55cm_Cep_Asi_Takvimi.pdf (Erişim tarihi 26.6.2024)
WHO. Total Tetanus Reported Cases by WHO Region. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.1540_46?lang=en (Accessed date: 15.07.2023)
Protecting all against tetanus: guide to sustaining maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination (MNTE) and broadening tetanus protection for all populations. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.
Köse Ş, Çavdar G. Afetlerde aşılama ve profilaksi. Sf: 37-41. İçinde: Köse Ş. Afetler ve Enfeksiyonlar. 2021,1. Baskı Türkiye Klinikleri, Ankara.
Najafi S, Akahavan-Rezayat A, Beyzaei SF, Shahriari Z, Taheri-Tabar M, Ghasemi-Nour M, et al. Incidence of infectious diseases after earthquakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Publ Health 2022; 202:131–138.
Bulut M, Fedakar R, Akkose S, Akgoz S, Ozguc H, Tokyay R. Medical experience of a university hospital in Turkey after the 1999 Marmara earthquake. Emerg Med J 2005;22(7):494-498.
Bulut M, Turanoğlu G, Armağan E, Akköse S, Ozgüç H, Tokyay R. Marmara depremi sonrası Uludağ Universitesi Tıp Fakültesi hastanesine başvuran travmalı olguların analizi [The analysis of traumatized patients who were admitted to the Uludag University Medical School Hospital after the Marmara earthquake]. Ulus Travma Derg 2001;7(4):262-266.
Görmeli G, Görmeli CA, Güner S, Ceylan MF, Dursun R. The clinical profile of musculoskeletal injuries associated with the 2011 Van earthquake in Turkey. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi 2012;23(2):68-71.
Aksel G, İslam MM, Eroğlu SE, Özen C, Sektioğlu BK. Tetanus in refugee patients: Two cases and review of the literature. Turk J Emerg Med 2019;19(4):149-151.
Ademoğlu E, İslam MM, Eroğlu SE. Tetanus risk in migrants: A case of tetanus with recovery in a migrant patient. J Contemp Med 2022; 12(3): 478-479.
Referanslar
Mavrouli M, Mavroulis S, Lekkas E, Tsakris A. The Impact of Earthquakes on Public Health: A Narrative Review of Infectious Diseases in the Post-Disaster Period Aiming to Disaster Risk Reduction. Microorganisms 2023;11(2):419.
Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Clostridium. Pp:307-317. In: Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA. Medical Microbiology 2021, 9th ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Rizk A, Abou Fayad A, Haraoui LP. Antimicrobial-Resistant Infections after Turkey/Syria Earthquakes, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2023;29(6):1273-1275.
World Health Organization. Health laboratory facilities in emergency and disaster situations. 2nd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; (2017).
Keven K, Ates K, Sever MS, Yenicesu M, Canbakan B, Arinsoy T, et al. Infectious complications after mass disasters: the Marmara earthquake experience. Scand J Infect Dis 2003;35(2):110-113.
Öncül O, Keskin Ö, Acar HV, Küçükardalı Y, Evrenkaya R, Atasoyu EM, et al. Hospital-acquired infections following the 1999 Marmara earthquake. J Hosp Infect 2002;51(1):47-51.
Ulusoy S, Kılınç İ, Oruç M, Özdemir B, Ergani HM, Keskin ÖH, et al. Analysis of wound types and wound care methods after the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2023;34(2):488-496.
Eryilmaz-Eren E, Yalcin S, Ozan F, Saatci E, Suzuk-Yildiz S, Ture Z, et al. An outbreak analysis of wound infection due to Acinetobacter baumannii in earthquake-trauma patients. Am J Infect Control 2024;52(5):599-604.
Bekçibaşı M, Hoşoğlu S, Deveci Ö, Dayan S. Therapy for wound infections after earthquakes requires inclusion of drugs targeting Gram-negative bacteria. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017;49(11-12):862-864.
Yang C, Wang HY, Zhong HJ, Zhou L, Jiang DM, Du DY, et al. The epidemiological analyses of trauma patients in Chongqing teaching hospitals following the Wenchuan earthquake. Injury 2009;40:488–492.
Wang Y, Hao P, Lu B, Yu H, Huang W, Hou H, et al. Causes of infection after earthquake, China, 2008. Emerg Infect Dis 2010;16(6):974-975.
Chen E, Deng L, Liu Z, Zhu X, Chen X, Tang H. Management of gas gangrene in Wenchuan earthquake victims. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2011;31(1):83-87.
Pascapurnama DN, Murakami A, Chagan-Yasutan H, Hattori T, Sasaki H, Egawa S. Prevention of Tetanus Outbreak Following Natural Disaster in Indonesia: Lessons Learned from Previous Disasters. Tohoku J Exp Med 2016;238(3):219-227.
Firth PG, Solomon JB, Roberts LL, Gleeson TD. Airway management of tetanus after the Haitian earthquake: new aspects of old observations. Anesth Analg 2011;113(3):545-547.
Sutiono AB, Qiantori A, Suwa H, Ohta T. Characteristic tetanus infection in disaster-affected areas: case study of the Yogyakarta earthquakes in Indonesia. BMC Res Notes 2010;18;3:8.
Procop GW, Church DL, Hall GS, Janda WM, Koneman EW, Schreckenberger PC, et al. The Anaerobic Bacteria. Pp: 983-1073. In: Procop GW, Church DL, Hall GS, Janda WM, Koneman EW, Schreckenberger PC, Woods GL. Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology 2017 7th ed. Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia.
Rood JI, Adams V, Lacey J, Lyras D, McClane BA, Melville SB, et al. Expansion of the Clostridium perfringens toxin-based typing scheme. Anaerobe 2018;53:5-10.
Levinson W. Gram-Positive Rods. Pp: 131-142 In: Levinson W, Chin-Hong P, Joyce EA, Nussbaum J, Schwartz B. Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 2018. 15th ed. McGraw-Hill Education, United States of America.
Bociąga-Jasik M. Clostridial Myonecrosis (Gas Gangrene). McMaster Textbook of Internal Medicine. Kraków: Medycyna Praktyczna. https://empendium.com/mcmtextbook/chapter/B31.II.18.3.4. (Accessed date: 26.6.2024)
KLİMUD. Klinik örnekten sonuç raporuna uygulama rehberi: Deri, deri ekleri, yumuşak doku ve göz örnekleri laboratuvar inceleme rehberi. 2.Baskı. 2024, KLİMUD, Ankara.
Tille MT. Anaerobic bacteriplogy: Laboratory considerations. Pp: 458-483, Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections. Pp: 961-972. In: Tille MT. Bailey’s and Scott. 2014, 13th ed. Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri.
Citron DM, Warren YA, Hudspeth MK, Goldstein EJ. Survival of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in purulent clinical specimens maintained in the Copan Venturi Transystem and Becton Dickinson Port-a-Cul transport systems. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38(2):892-894.
Judy Holden and Gerri S. Hall. Collection and Transport of Clinical Specimens for Anaerobic Culture: Anaerobic Bacteriology. Pp: 4.2.1-4.2.8 In: Garcia, Lynne Shore, Isenberg, Henry D. Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook 3rd ed. 2010 ASM Press, Washington, DC.
Klinik örnekten sonuç raporuna uygulama rehberi: Kan dolaşimi örneklerinin laboratuvar incelemesi rehberi 2. Baskı, 2022, KLİMUD, Ankara.
Guilhot E, Khelaifia S, La Scola B, Raoult D, Dubourg G. Methods for culturing anaerobes from human specimen. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:369-381.
Nagy E, Boyanova L, Justesen US. ESCMID Study Group of Anaerobic Infections. How to isolate, identify and determine antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in routine laboratories. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018;24(11):1139-1148.
The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 14.0, 2024. http://www.eucast.org
Sárvári KP, Schoblocher D. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of gas gangrene-forming Clostridium spp. clinical isolates from South-Eastern Hungary. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020;52(3):196-201.
Haider Z, Ali T, Ullah A, Basit A, Tahir H, Tariq H, et al. Isolation, toxinotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from Pakistan poultry. Anaerobe 2022; 73:102499.
Forbes JD, Kus JV, Patel SN. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of invasive isolates of anaerobic bacteria from a large Canadian reference laboratory: 2012-2019. Anaerobe 2021; 70:102386.
Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2014;59(2):e10-e52.
Titball RW. Clostridium perfringens vaccines. Vaccine 2009;27 Suppl 4:D44-D47.
Wuthisuthimethawee P, Lindquist SJ, Sandler N, Clavisi O, Korin S, Watters D, et al. Wound management in disaster settings. World J Surg 2015;39(4):842-853.
Thwaites CL, Yen LM, Nga NT, Parry J, Binh NT, Loan HT, et al. Impact of improved vaccination programme and intensive care facilities on incidence and outcome of tetanus in southern Vietnam, 1993–2002. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2004;98(11):671-677.
Tiwari TSP, Moro PL, Acosta AM. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine‐preventable diseases: Tetanus. Pp: 315-328 In: Tiwari TSP, Moro PL, Acosta AM. The Pink Book: Course Textbook. 2021, 14th ed. CDC Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/tetanus.pdf.
World Health Organization. (2018). The immunological basis for immunization series: module 3: tetanus, update 2018. World Health Organization. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/275340
Yamaguchi J, Kinoshita K. The threat of a new tetanus outbreak due to urban flooding disaster requires vigilance: a narrative review. Acute Med Surg 2023;10(1):e839.
Campbell JI, Lam TM, Huynh TL, To SD, Tran TT, Nguyen VM, et al. Microbiologic characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium tetani isolated from wounds of patients with clinically diagnosed tetanus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2009; 80: 827–31.
Hanif H, Anjum A, Ali N, Jamal A, Imran M, Ahmad B. Isolation and antibiogram of Clostridium tetani from clinically diagnosed tetanus patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 93: 752–56.
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü, Aşı portalı. Erişim adresi:https://asi.saglik.gov.tr/asi/images/yayinlar/85x55cm_Cep_Asi_Takvimi.pdf (Erişim tarihi 26.6.2024)
WHO. Total Tetanus Reported Cases by WHO Region. https://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.1540_46?lang=en (Accessed date: 15.07.2023)
Protecting all against tetanus: guide to sustaining maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination (MNTE) and broadening tetanus protection for all populations. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019.
Köse Ş, Çavdar G. Afetlerde aşılama ve profilaksi. Sf: 37-41. İçinde: Köse Ş. Afetler ve Enfeksiyonlar. 2021,1. Baskı Türkiye Klinikleri, Ankara.
Najafi S, Akahavan-Rezayat A, Beyzaei SF, Shahriari Z, Taheri-Tabar M, Ghasemi-Nour M, et al. Incidence of infectious diseases after earthquakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Publ Health 2022; 202:131–138.
Bulut M, Fedakar R, Akkose S, Akgoz S, Ozguc H, Tokyay R. Medical experience of a university hospital in Turkey after the 1999 Marmara earthquake. Emerg Med J 2005;22(7):494-498.
Bulut M, Turanoğlu G, Armağan E, Akköse S, Ozgüç H, Tokyay R. Marmara depremi sonrası Uludağ Universitesi Tıp Fakültesi hastanesine başvuran travmalı olguların analizi [The analysis of traumatized patients who were admitted to the Uludag University Medical School Hospital after the Marmara earthquake]. Ulus Travma Derg 2001;7(4):262-266.
Görmeli G, Görmeli CA, Güner S, Ceylan MF, Dursun R. The clinical profile of musculoskeletal injuries associated with the 2011 Van earthquake in Turkey. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi 2012;23(2):68-71.
Aksel G, İslam MM, Eroğlu SE, Özen C, Sektioğlu BK. Tetanus in refugee patients: Two cases and review of the literature. Turk J Emerg Med 2019;19(4):149-151.
Ademoğlu E, İslam MM, Eroğlu SE. Tetanus risk in migrants: A case of tetanus with recovery in a migrant patient. J Contemp Med 2022; 12(3): 478-479.
