Bakteriyel Etkenler

Özlem Ulusan Bağcı; Yeşim Tuyji Tok; Pınar Sağıroğlu; Şöhret Aydemir

doi:10.37609/akya.3281

Yazarlar

Özlem Ulusan Bağcı

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9695-5703

Yeşim Tuyji Tok

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-9216

Pınar Sağıroğlu

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6742-0200

Şöhret Aydemir

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-9100

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37609/akya.3281.c11624

Özet

Afetlerden sonra insan hareketlerinin artması, güvenli olmayan su kullanılmı, hijyen kurallarına dikkat edilememesi, kalabalık yaşam koşulları ve sağlık hizmetlerine ulaşımın kısıtlanması gibi faktörler çeşitli enfeksiyonlara ortam sağlar. Literatür tarandığında afetlerden sonra görülen vektör aracılı enfeksiyonların özellikle paraziter ve viral etkenlerden kaynaklandığı göze çarpmakta olup, vektör aracılı bakteriyel enfeksiyonlarla ilgili veriler oldukça azdır. Ancak afetlerden sonra enkaz yığınlarının kaldırılamaması, yeni yerleşim yerlerinin kurulması, iklim değişiklikleri gibi nedenlerle vektör popülasyonunda artış görülmesi vektör aracılı bakteriyel enfeksiyonlarda da artış yaşanmasına neden olabilir. Vektörlerle bulaşan bakteriyel etkenler Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis ve Borrelia türleridir. Rickettsiales takımında Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia rickettsii, O. tsutsugamushi, Ehrlichia ve Anaplasma cinsi bakteriler bulunur. Literatür incelendiğinde afetlerden sonra O. tsutsugamushi, F. tularensis ve R. prowazekii vakalarının arttığını belirten yayınlar göze çarpmaktadır, ancak afetlerden sonra oluşan ortamın vektör popülasyonu artışı üzerinden diğer bakteriyel enfeksiyonların görülme sıklığını da artırabileceği akılda bulundurulmalıdır.

Factors such as increased human movements after disasters, use of unsafe water, failure to pay attention to hygiene rules, crowded living conditions, and restricted access to health services provide an environment for various infections. A review of the literature reveals that viruses and parasites are the main causes of vector-mediated diseases observed following disasters, but there is a lack of information about vector-mediated bacterial infections. Vector-borne bacterial diseases, however, may also rise as a result of an increase in the vector population brought on by factors including the creation of new settlements, the inability to remove debris piles following disasters, and changes in the climate. Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, and Borrelia spp. are among the bacterial agents that are spread by vectors. Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia typhi, Rickettsia rickettsii, O. tsutsugamushi, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma genus are members of the order Rickettsiales. It should be noted that while some studies in the literature declare that the incidence of O. tsutsugamushi, F. tularensis, and R. prowazekii cases increased following disasters, there is also evidence that the environment created following disasters may increase the incidence of other bacterial infections due to an increase in the vector population.

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