Liderliğe Giriş
Özet
Liderlik ayak izleri her yerde olan ama asla görünmeyen bir kardan adama benzetilmektedir. Liderlik kavramı kişinin kendisiyle, çevresiyle, içinde yaşadığı toplumun dinamikleri, kaos, değişim, süreç yönetimi ile, kitlelerin nabzını tutmak ile yakından ilişkili olan özel bir konudur. Her mesleğin kendisini destekleyecek, güçlendirecek ve gelişimine yön verecek bir yapıya ihtiyacı vardır. ICM tarafından yayınlanan mesleki çerçevenin temel ögelerinden birisi de liderliktir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü de etkili sağlık hizmetleri için güçlü liderliğin önemini kabul etmektedir. Ebelik mesleği, bireysel ebelik hizmetlerinden, yerel sivil toplum kuruluşları, küresel organizasyonlar ve hükümetlerce yürütülen politikalara kadar her düzeyde güçlü liderliğe dayanır. Etkili ebelik hizmetlerini ortaya koyabilmek için liderliğe ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Son yıllarda, ebelik hizmetlerinin etkin olduğu bakım ve danışmanlık politikaları daha fazla değer görmektedir. Ebe liderliğindeki bakım programları, bakımın sürekliliği, kadınlarla ve ebelerle ilk temas noktası olarak ortak çalışma gibi kavramların tümü, etkili iletişim ihtiyacını ve ebe-kadın ilişkisinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu nedenle ebelik mesleğinin eğitiminde, mesleğin profesyonel çerçevesi gereğince ebelik mesleğin savunuculuk, eğiticilik ve danışmanlık gibi diğer rolleri dahil olmak üzere, liderlik becerilerini geliştirilmesi bir zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Bu bölümde Liderlik, liderliğin doğası ve temel özelikleri, liderlik türleri ve liderde bulunması gereken temel özelliklere yer verilmiştir.
Referanslar
Ackloff R.L. Creating the corporate future, New York; John Wiley:1981.
Adair J. Effective Leadership. London; Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development; 2006.
Akyüz M. Stratejik Liderlik. Journal of Strategic Management Research. 2018;1(1):45-66.
Ardahan M, Konal E. Hemşirelikte Yöneticilik Ve Liderlik. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017; 6(1): 140-7.
Armani A.B, Petrini M, Santos A.C. What are the attributes of sustainable leadership? Rev. Bras. Gest. Neg. 2020; 22:820–835. doi: 10.7819/rbgn.v22i4.4086.
Avery G. Leadership for sustainable futures: Achieving success in a competitive world. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing;2005.
Barrell M. Leadership and management in midwifery. In Macdonald S, Magill-Cuerden J. (eds). Mayes’Midwifery. 14 nd. ed. United Kingdom; Baillière Tindall, an imprint of Elsevier Ltd.: 2011. p. 75-85.
Barrett R. Building A Values-Driven Organization. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann;2006.
Bass B.M. From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics. 1990;18(3):19-31.
Bennis W, Nanus B. Leaders: the strategies for taking charge. ABD-New York: Harper & Row; 1985.
Campbell-Cree A, Macdonald A, Lotten M. et al. The value of trust: How trust is carried and why it matters. London, UK: British Council; 2018.
Carragher J, Gormley K. Leadership and emotional intelligence in nursing and midwifery education and practice: a discussion paper. Journal of advanced nursing. 2017; 73(1): 85–96.
Confucius. The Analects. 1nd ed. Penguin Classics;1998.
Çalışal S. Yücel Y. Hizmetkâr Liderlik: Refik Saydam Örneği. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi. 2019;6(3):167-172.
De Zulueta P. C. Developing compassionate leadership in health care: an integrative review. Journal Of Healthcare Leadership. 2015; 8:1–10. https://doi.org/10.2147/JHL.S93724.
Downe S, Byrom S, Simpson L. Essential Midwifery Practice: Leadership, Expertise and CollaborativeWorking. 1nd ed. ABD- New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing; 2011.
Faller M, Gogek J. Break From the Past: Survey Suggests Modern Leadership Styles Needed for Millennial Nurses. Nurse Leader. 2019; 17(2): 135-140.doi: 10.1016/j.mnl.2018.12.003.
French R, Rayner C, Rees G et al. Organizational Behaviour. West Sussex; Wiley:2011.
Gilbert J.H.V. Leadership Challenges When Creating and Sustaining Cultural Change for Interprofessional Collaboration. In Forman D, Jones M. Thistlethwaite J (eds). Sustainability and Interprofessional Collaboration. London; Palgrave Macmilla,2020.p.25-43.
Hamer S. The Changing World Of Health. In McNichol E, Hamer S (eds). Leadership and Management. United Kingdom; Nelson Thornes Ltd.:2007. p.1-23.
Henwood S. (ed). Practical Leadership In Nursing And Health Care. London-New York, Taylor&; Francis Group, LLC, CRC Press. 2014.
Iqbal Q, Ahmad N. H, Nasim, A, et al. A moderated mediation analysis of psychological empowerment: Sustainable leadership and sustainable performance. J. Clean. Prod. 2020; 262:121429. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121429.
Kapur R. Characteristics of Effective Leadership. (22.01.2023 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344348836_Characteristics_of_Effective_Leadership. adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Kernick D. Complexity and Healthcare Organisation. Oxford; Radcliffe Medical Press:2004.
Klingborg D.J, Moore D.A, Varea-Hammond S. What Is Leadership? Leadership and Professional Development. 2006;33(2): 280-283.
Koçyiğit İ, Buhur İ, Esen İ, et al. Karizmatik Liderlik, Sahip Olunması Gereken Beceriler Ve Bunların Okula Yansımaları. Journal Of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences. 2022; 8(53):776-788.
Kongar E. Toplumsal Değişme Kuramları ve Türkiye Gerçeği. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi; 1972.
Kotter, J. The leadership factor. 1nd ed. Free Press;1988.
Kumar RDC, Khiljee N, Leadership in healthcare, Anaesthesia And Intensive Care Medicine . 2016;17(1):63-65.
Liao Y. Sustainable leadership A literature review and prospects for future research. Frontiers In Psychology. 2022; 13:1045570. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1045570.
Luedi M. M. Leadership in 2022: A perspective. Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology. 2022; 36(2):229–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2022.04.002.
Machiavelli, N. The Prince. Dover Publications;1992.
Macke J, Genari D. (2019). Systematic literature review on sustainable human resource management. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019;208: 806–815. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.091.
McCleskey, J. A. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly. 2014;5(4):117- 130.
Mintz LJ, Stoller JK. A systematic review of physician leadership and emotional intelligence. Journal of Graduate Medical Education.2014; 6(1):21–31
Northouse P. Leadership: theory and practice. 6nd. ed. London: Sage; 2011.
Oates K. The new clinical leader. Journal of paediatrics and child health. 2012;48(6):472–475.
Owusu- Bempah, J. How we can best interpret effective leadership? The case for Q- method. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly. 2014; 5(3): 47- 58.
Pashley G. Management And Leadership In Midwifery: Part 1. British Journal of Midwifery.1998;6:460–464.
Patterson D, Begley A. An exploration of the importance of emotional intelligence in midwifery. Evidence Based Midwifery. 2011; 9(3):128-134.
Polatoğlu Y. Demokratik Liderlik Bakış Açısıyla: Tevfik İleri. Uluslararası Liderlik Çalışmaları Dergisi: Kuram ve Uygulama. 2022;5(1):53-65.
Randall L. M, Coakley L. A. Applying adaptive leadership to successful change initiatives in academia. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 2007; 28(4): 325-335.
Schein E Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey Bass;2004.
Shadraconis S. Organizational Leadership in Times of Uncertainty: Is Transformational Leadership the Answer?. LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and Research from Claremont Graduate University. 2013; 2(1):1-15.
Silva A. What is Leadership?. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly. 2016; 8(1):1-6.
Stogdill, R.M. Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York: The Free Press.1974.
Tack A. Motivational Leadership. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower;1984.
Takala, T. Plato on Leadership, Journal of Business Ethics.1998;17:785- 798.
The International Confederation of Midwives (ICM). ICM Professional Framework for Midwifery 2021. (22.01.2022 tarihinde https://internationalmidwives.org/assets/files/general-files/2022/05/professional-framework-2022.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Turan S. Liderlik Nedir? Yılmaz K (ed.) Liderlik içinde. Ankara: Pegem Akademi; 2020.p.1-5.
Ulukök E, Merdan E. Tam Serbesti Tanıyan Liderliğin Kişilerarası Çatışma ve İşe Yabancılaşma Üzerindeki Etkisi: Rol Belirsizliğinin Aracı Rolü. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2022; 24 (42): 527-545.
Van Diggele, C., Burgess, A., Roberts, C. et al. Leadership in healthcare education. BMC Medical Education. 2020; 20(Suppl 2): 456:1-6.
World Health Organization (WHO). The Health Leadership Service 2005. (22.01.2022 tarihinde www.whoint/health_leadership/en/. adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Yazıcı M. Değerler Ve Toplumsal Yapıda Sosyal Değerlerin Yeri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2016; 24 (1): 211.
Yeşil A. Liderlik ve Motivasyon Teorilerine Yönelik Kavramsal Bir İnceleme. Uluslararası Akademik Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;2(3):158-180.
Yücel Ü, Kurt A, Cansever Moralılar S. Management And Leadershıp In Mıdwıfery. Balıkesır Health Scıences Journal.2018;7(3):93-100.
Zaleznik A. Managers and leaders: Are they different? Harvard Business Review. 2004;82(1):74-81.
Referanslar
Ackloff R.L. Creating the corporate future, New York; John Wiley:1981.
Adair J. Effective Leadership. London; Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development; 2006.
Akyüz M. Stratejik Liderlik. Journal of Strategic Management Research. 2018;1(1):45-66.
Ardahan M, Konal E. Hemşirelikte Yöneticilik Ve Liderlik. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017; 6(1): 140-7.
Armani A.B, Petrini M, Santos A.C. What are the attributes of sustainable leadership? Rev. Bras. Gest. Neg. 2020; 22:820–835. doi: 10.7819/rbgn.v22i4.4086.
Avery G. Leadership for sustainable futures: Achieving success in a competitive world. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing;2005.
Barrell M. Leadership and management in midwifery. In Macdonald S, Magill-Cuerden J. (eds). Mayes’Midwifery. 14 nd. ed. United Kingdom; Baillière Tindall, an imprint of Elsevier Ltd.: 2011. p. 75-85.
Barrett R. Building A Values-Driven Organization. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann;2006.
Bass B.M. From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics. 1990;18(3):19-31.
Bennis W, Nanus B. Leaders: the strategies for taking charge. ABD-New York: Harper & Row; 1985.
Campbell-Cree A, Macdonald A, Lotten M. et al. The value of trust: How trust is carried and why it matters. London, UK: British Council; 2018.
Carragher J, Gormley K. Leadership and emotional intelligence in nursing and midwifery education and practice: a discussion paper. Journal of advanced nursing. 2017; 73(1): 85–96.
Confucius. The Analects. 1nd ed. Penguin Classics;1998.
Çalışal S. Yücel Y. Hizmetkâr Liderlik: Refik Saydam Örneği. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi. 2019;6(3):167-172.
De Zulueta P. C. Developing compassionate leadership in health care: an integrative review. Journal Of Healthcare Leadership. 2015; 8:1–10. https://doi.org/10.2147/JHL.S93724.
Downe S, Byrom S, Simpson L. Essential Midwifery Practice: Leadership, Expertise and CollaborativeWorking. 1nd ed. ABD- New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing; 2011.
Faller M, Gogek J. Break From the Past: Survey Suggests Modern Leadership Styles Needed for Millennial Nurses. Nurse Leader. 2019; 17(2): 135-140.doi: 10.1016/j.mnl.2018.12.003.
French R, Rayner C, Rees G et al. Organizational Behaviour. West Sussex; Wiley:2011.
Gilbert J.H.V. Leadership Challenges When Creating and Sustaining Cultural Change for Interprofessional Collaboration. In Forman D, Jones M. Thistlethwaite J (eds). Sustainability and Interprofessional Collaboration. London; Palgrave Macmilla,2020.p.25-43.
Hamer S. The Changing World Of Health. In McNichol E, Hamer S (eds). Leadership and Management. United Kingdom; Nelson Thornes Ltd.:2007. p.1-23.
Henwood S. (ed). Practical Leadership In Nursing And Health Care. London-New York, Taylor&; Francis Group, LLC, CRC Press. 2014.
Iqbal Q, Ahmad N. H, Nasim, A, et al. A moderated mediation analysis of psychological empowerment: Sustainable leadership and sustainable performance. J. Clean. Prod. 2020; 262:121429. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121429.
Kapur R. Characteristics of Effective Leadership. (22.01.2023 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344348836_Characteristics_of_Effective_Leadership. adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Kernick D. Complexity and Healthcare Organisation. Oxford; Radcliffe Medical Press:2004.
Klingborg D.J, Moore D.A, Varea-Hammond S. What Is Leadership? Leadership and Professional Development. 2006;33(2): 280-283.
Koçyiğit İ, Buhur İ, Esen İ, et al. Karizmatik Liderlik, Sahip Olunması Gereken Beceriler Ve Bunların Okula Yansımaları. Journal Of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences. 2022; 8(53):776-788.
Kongar E. Toplumsal Değişme Kuramları ve Türkiye Gerçeği. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi; 1972.
Kotter, J. The leadership factor. 1nd ed. Free Press;1988.
Kumar RDC, Khiljee N, Leadership in healthcare, Anaesthesia And Intensive Care Medicine . 2016;17(1):63-65.
Liao Y. Sustainable leadership A literature review and prospects for future research. Frontiers In Psychology. 2022; 13:1045570. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1045570.
Luedi M. M. Leadership in 2022: A perspective. Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology. 2022; 36(2):229–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpa.2022.04.002.
Machiavelli, N. The Prince. Dover Publications;1992.
Macke J, Genari D. (2019). Systematic literature review on sustainable human resource management. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019;208: 806–815. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.091.
McCleskey, J. A. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly. 2014;5(4):117- 130.
Mintz LJ, Stoller JK. A systematic review of physician leadership and emotional intelligence. Journal of Graduate Medical Education.2014; 6(1):21–31
Northouse P. Leadership: theory and practice. 6nd. ed. London: Sage; 2011.
Oates K. The new clinical leader. Journal of paediatrics and child health. 2012;48(6):472–475.
Owusu- Bempah, J. How we can best interpret effective leadership? The case for Q- method. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly. 2014; 5(3): 47- 58.
Pashley G. Management And Leadership In Midwifery: Part 1. British Journal of Midwifery.1998;6:460–464.
Patterson D, Begley A. An exploration of the importance of emotional intelligence in midwifery. Evidence Based Midwifery. 2011; 9(3):128-134.
Polatoğlu Y. Demokratik Liderlik Bakış Açısıyla: Tevfik İleri. Uluslararası Liderlik Çalışmaları Dergisi: Kuram ve Uygulama. 2022;5(1):53-65.
Randall L. M, Coakley L. A. Applying adaptive leadership to successful change initiatives in academia. Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 2007; 28(4): 325-335.
Schein E Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey Bass;2004.
Shadraconis S. Organizational Leadership in Times of Uncertainty: Is Transformational Leadership the Answer?. LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and Research from Claremont Graduate University. 2013; 2(1):1-15.
Silva A. What is Leadership?. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly. 2016; 8(1):1-6.
Stogdill, R.M. Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. New York: The Free Press.1974.
Tack A. Motivational Leadership. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower;1984.
Takala, T. Plato on Leadership, Journal of Business Ethics.1998;17:785- 798.
The International Confederation of Midwives (ICM). ICM Professional Framework for Midwifery 2021. (22.01.2022 tarihinde https://internationalmidwives.org/assets/files/general-files/2022/05/professional-framework-2022.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Turan S. Liderlik Nedir? Yılmaz K (ed.) Liderlik içinde. Ankara: Pegem Akademi; 2020.p.1-5.
Ulukök E, Merdan E. Tam Serbesti Tanıyan Liderliğin Kişilerarası Çatışma ve İşe Yabancılaşma Üzerindeki Etkisi: Rol Belirsizliğinin Aracı Rolü. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2022; 24 (42): 527-545.
Van Diggele, C., Burgess, A., Roberts, C. et al. Leadership in healthcare education. BMC Medical Education. 2020; 20(Suppl 2): 456:1-6.
World Health Organization (WHO). The Health Leadership Service 2005. (22.01.2022 tarihinde www.whoint/health_leadership/en/. adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Yazıcı M. Değerler Ve Toplumsal Yapıda Sosyal Değerlerin Yeri. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2016; 24 (1): 211.
Yeşil A. Liderlik ve Motivasyon Teorilerine Yönelik Kavramsal Bir İnceleme. Uluslararası Akademik Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2016;2(3):158-180.
Yücel Ü, Kurt A, Cansever Moralılar S. Management And Leadershıp In Mıdwıfery. Balıkesır Health Scıences Journal.2018;7(3):93-100.
Zaleznik A. Managers and leaders: Are they different? Harvard Business Review. 2004;82(1):74-81.