Otoimmün Bazal Ganglia Hastalıkları
Özet
Referanslar
Anderson JC, Costantino MM, Stratford T. Basal ganglia: anatomy, pathology, and imaging characteristics. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2004;33(1):28-41.
Middleton FA, Strick PL. Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000;31(2-3):236-50.
Tekin S, Cummings JL. Frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits and clinical neuropsychiatry: an update. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53(2):647-54.
Riva D, Taddei M, Bulgheroni S. The neuropsychology of basal ganglia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2018;22(2):321-6.
Leisman G, Melillo R, Carrick FR. Clinical motor and cognitive neurobehavioral relationships in the basal ganglia. basal ganglia. 2013:1-30.
Dale RC, Brilot F. Autoimmune basal ganglia disorders. Journal of Child Neurology. 2012;27(11):1470-81.
Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J. Movement disorders in autoimmune diseases. Mov Disord. 2012;27(8):935-46.
Oosterveer DM, Overweg-Plandsoen WC, Roos RA. Sydenham's chorea: a practical overview of the current literature. Pediatr Neurol. 2010;43(1):1-6.
Karthikeyan G, Guilherme L. Acute rheumatic fever. Lancet. 2018;392(10142):161-74.
Gewitz MH, Baltimore RS, Tani LY, Sable CA, Shulman ST, Carapetis J, et al. Revision of the Jones Criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever in the era of Doppler echocardiography: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;131(20):1806-18.
Cardoso F, Eduardo C, Silva AP, Mota CC. Chorea in fifty consecutive patients with rheumatic fever. Mov Disord. 1997;12(5):701-3.
Cunningham MW. Molecular Mimicry, Autoimmunity, and Infection: The Cross-Reactive Antigens of Group A Streptococci and their Sequelae. Microbiol Spectr. 2019;7(4).
Johnson DR, Kurlan R, Leckman J, Kaplan EL. The human immune response to streptococcal extracellular antigens: clinical, diagnostic, and potential pathogenetic implications. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(4):481-90.
Vasconcelos L, Vasconcelos M, Nunes M, Teixeira A. Sydenham’s chorea: an update on pathophysiology, clinical features and management. Expert Opinion on Orphan Drugs. 2019;7.
Bovenzi R, Conti M, Cerroni R, Pierantozzi M, Stefani A, Pisani A, et al. Adult-onset sporadic chorea: real-world data from a single-centre retrospective study. Neurol Sci. 2022;43(1):387-92.
Silva GD, Parmera JB, Haddad MS. Acute chorea: case series from the emergency room of a Brazilian tertiary-level center. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2021;79(3):233-7.
Faustino PC, Terreri MT, da Rocha AJ, Zappitelli MC, Lederman HM, Hilário MO. Clinical, laboratory, psychiatric and magnetic resonance findings in patients with Sydenham chorea. Neuroradiology. 2003;45(7):456-62.
Giorgio SM, Caprio MG, Galante F, Russo G, Romano A, Vergara E, et al. Clinical Value of Perfusion Abnormalities of Brain on Technetium-99m HMPAO Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Children With Sydenham Chorea. J Child Neurol. 2017;32(3):316-21.
de Teixeira AL, Cardoso F, Maia DP, Sacramento DR, Mota Cde C, Meira ZM, et al. Frequency and significance of vocalizations in Sydenham's chorea. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2009;15(1):62-3.
Swedo SE, Rapoport JL, Cheslow DL, Leonard HL, Ayoub EM, Hosier DM, et al. High prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with Sydenham's chorea. Am J Psychiatry. 1989;146(2):246-9.
Moreira J, Kummer A, Harsányi E, Cardoso F, Teixeira AL. Psychiatric disorders in persistent and remitted Sydenham's chorea. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20(2):233-6.
Teixeira AL, Athayde GR, Sacramento DR, Maia DP, Cardoso F. Depressive and anxiety symptoms in Sydenham's chorea. Mov Disord. 2007;22(6):905-6.
Cavalcanti A, Hilário MO, dos Santos FH, Bolognani SA, Bueno OF, Len CA. Subtle cognitive deficits in adults with a previous history of Sydenham's chorea during childhood. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62(8):1065-71.
Harsányi E, Moreira J, Kummer A, Meira ZM, Cardoso F, Teixeira AL. Language Impairment in Adolescents With Sydenham Chorea. Pediatr Neurol. 2015;53(5):412-6.
Leal M, Passos LSA, Guarçoni FV, Aguiar JMS, Silva R, Paula TMN, et al. Rheumatic heart disease in the modern era: recent developments and current challenges. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2019;52:e20180041.
Carapetis JR, Beaton A, Cunningham MW, Guilherme L, Karthikeyan G, Mayosi BM, et al. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:15084.
Gerber MA, Baltimore RS, Eaton CB, Gewitz M, Rowley AH, Shulman ST, et al. Prevention of rheumatic fever and diagnosis and treatment of acute Streptococcal pharyngitis: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, the Interdisciplinary Council on Functional Genomics and Translational Biology, and the Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation. 2009;119(11):1541-51.
Teixeira AL, Vasconcelos LP, Nunes M, Singer H. Sydenham's chorea: from pathophysiology to therapeutics. Expert Rev Neurother. 2021;21(8):913-22.
Walker KG, Wilmshurst JM. An update on the treatment of Sydenham's chorea: the evidence for established and evolving interventions. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2010;3(5):301-9.
Genel F, Arslanoglu S, Uran N, Saylan B. Sydenham's chorea: clinical findings and comparison of the efficacies of sodium valproate and carbamazepine regimens. Brain Dev. 2002;24(2):73-6.
Direk M, Epcacan S, Epcacan Z, Yildirim DD, Okuyaz C. Efficacy of levetiracetam in the treatment of Sydenham chorea. Pediatr Int. 2020;62(11):1264-8.
Demiroren K, Yavuz H, Cam L, Oran B, Karaaslan S, Demiroren S. Sydenham's chorea: a clinical follow-up of 65 patients. J Child Neurol. 2007;22(5):550-4.
Sethi S, Setiya R, Lallar K. Successful treatment of Sydenham chorea with olanzapine. Journal of Pediatric Neurology. 2015;04:171-4.
Garvey MA, Snider LA, Leitman SF, Werden R, Swedo SE. Treatment of Sydenham's chorea with intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma exchange, or prednisone. J Child Neurol. 2005;20(5):424-9.
Dean SL, Singer HS. Treatment of Sydenham's Chorea: A Review of the Current Evidence. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2017;7:456.
Mohammad SS, Nosadini M, Grattan-Smith P, Dale RC. Intravenous immunoglobulin in acute Sydenham's chorea: A systematic review. J Paediatr Child Health. 2015;51(12):1235-8.
Carapetis JR, McDonald M, Wilson NJ. Acute rheumatic fever. Lancet. 2005;366(9480):155-68.
Dale RC. Post-streptococcal autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005;47(11):785-91.
Dan JM, Havenar-Daughton C, Kendric K, Al-Kolla R, Kaushik K, Rosales SL, et al. Recurrent group A Streptococcus tonsillitis is an immunosusceptibility disease involving antibody deficiency and aberrant T(FH) cells. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(478).
Swedo SE, Leonard HL, Garvey M, Mittleman B, Allen AJ, Perlmutter S, et al. Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections: clinical description of the first 50 cases. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(2):264-71.
Cunningham MW. Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008;609:29-42.
Wald ER, Eickhoff J, Flood GE, Heinz MV, Liu D, Agrawal A, et al. Estimate of the incidence of PANDAS and PANS in 3 primary care populations. Front Pediatr. 2023;11:1170379.
Jadah RHS, Mujeeb AA. Neuropsychiatric symptoms following sore throat in a young boy. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(1).
Baj J, Sitarz E, Forma A, Wróblewska K, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H. Alterations in the Nervous System and Gut Microbiota after β-Hemolytic Streptococcus Group A Infection-Characteristics and Diagnostic Criteria of PANDAS Recognition. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(4).
Murphy TK, Kurlan R, Leckman J. The immunobiology of Tourette's disorder, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Streptococcus, and related disorders: a way forward. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2010;20(4):317-31.
Bernstein GA, Victor AM, Pipal AJ, Williams KA. Comparison of clinical characteristics of pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections and childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2010;20(4):333-40.
Williams KA, Swedo SE. Post-infectious autoimmune disorders: Sydenham's chorea, PANDAS and beyond. Brain Res. 2015;1617:144-54.
Murphy ML, Pichichero ME. Prospective identification and treatment of children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with group A streptococcal infection (PANDAS). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156(4):356-61.
Murciano M, Biancone DM, Capata G, Tristano I, Martucci V, Guido CA, et al. Focus on Cardiologic Findings in 30 Children With PANS/PANDAS: An Italian Single-Center Observational Study. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:395.
Cocuzza S, Marino S, Gulino A, Pustorino E, Murabito P, Maniaci A, et al. ENT involvement and orobuccal movements' disorders in Pandas patients: assessment and rehabilitations tools. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019;23(10):4110-7.
Crealey M, Allen NM, Webb D, Bouldin A, Mc Sweeney N, Peake D, et al. Sydenham's chorea: not gone but perhaps forgotten. Arch Dis Child. 2015;100(12):1160-2.
Leon J, Hommer R, Grant P, Farmer C, D'Souza P, Kessler R, et al. Longitudinal outcomes of children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;27(5):637-43.
Chang K, Frankovich J, Cooperstock M, Cunningham MW, Latimer ME, Murphy TK, et al. Clinical evaluation of youth with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS): recommendations from the 2013 PANS Consensus Conference. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2015;25(1):3-13.
Zühlke LJ, Beaton A, Engel ME, Hugo-Hamman CT, Karthikeyan G, Katzenellenbogen JM, et al. Group A Streptococcus, Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: Epidemiology and Clinical Considerations. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2017;19(2):15.
Stagi S, Lepri G, Rigante D, Matucci Cerinic M, Falcini F. Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Plasma Vitamin D Levels in a Large Cohort of Italian Patients with Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2018;28(2):124-9.
Gromark C, Harris RA, Wickström R, Horne A, Silverberg-Mörse M, Serlachius E, et al. Establishing a Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Clinic: Baseline Clinical Features of the Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Cohort at Karolinska Institutet. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2019;29(8):625-33.
Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R, Benseler S, Bien CG, Cellucci T, et al. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol. 2016;15(4):391-404.
Zibordi F, Zorzi G, Carecchio M, Nardocci N. CANS: Childhood acute neuropsychiatric syndromes. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2018;22(2):316-20.
Thienemann M, Murphy T, Leckman J, Shaw R, Williams K, Kapphahn C, et al. Clinical Management of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Part I-Psychiatric and Behavioral Interventions. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2017;27(7):566-73.
Hutanu A, Reddy LN, Mathew J, Avanthika C, Jhaveri S, Tummala N. Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Group A Streptococci: Etiopathology and Diagnostic Challenges. Cureus. 2022;14(8):e27729.
Dale RC. Tics and Tourette: a clinical, pathophysiological and etiological review. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2017;29(6):665-73.
Cooperstock MS, Swedo SE, Pasternack MS, Murphy TK. Clinical Management of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Part III-Treatment and Prevention of Infections. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2017;27(7):594-606.
Frankovich J, Swedo S, Murphy T, Dale RC, Agalliu D, Williams K, et al. Clinical Management of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome: Part II-Use of Immunomodulatory Therapies. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2017;27(7):574-93.
Perlmutter SJ, Leitman SF, Garvey MA, Hamburger S, Feldman E, Leonard HL, et al. Therapeutic plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin for obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic disorders in childhood. Lancet. 1999;354(9185):1153-8.
Hughes EG, Peng X, Gleichman AJ, Lai M, Zhou L, Tsou R, et al. Cellular and synaptic mechanisms of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. J Neurosci. 2010;30(17):5866-75.
Nguyen L, Wang C. Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis: Diagnosis and Management Strategies. Int J Gen Med. 2023;16:7-21.
Dalmau J, Armangué T, Planagumà J, Radosevic M, Mannara F, Leypoldt F, et al. An update on anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis for neurologists and psychiatrists: mechanisms and models. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(11):1045-57.
Dahm L, Ott C, Steiner J, Stepniak B, Teegen B, Saschenbrecker S, et al. Seroprevalence of autoantibodies against brain antigens in health and disease. Ann Neurol. 2014;76(1):82-94.
Freund B, Ritzl EK. A review of EEG in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. J Neuroimmunol. 2019;332:64-8.
Dalmau J, Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernandez E, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R. Clinical experience and laboratory investigations in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(1):63-74.
Titulaer MJ, McCracken L, Gabilondo I, Armangué T, Glaser C, Iizuka T, et al. Treatment and prognostic factors for long-term outcome in patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: an observational cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(2):157-65.
Gong X, Chen C, Liu X, Lin J, Li A, Guo K, et al. Long-term Functional Outcomes and Relapse of Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Cohort Study in Western China. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021;8(2).
Gillinder L, Warren N, Hartel G, Dionisio S, O'Gorman C. EEG findings in NMDA encephalitis - A systematic review. Seizure. 2019;65:20-4.
Castellano J, Glover R, Robinson J. Extreme Delta Brush in NMDA Receptor Encephalitis. Neurohospitalist. 2017;7(3):Np3-np4.
Bacchi S, Franke K, Wewegama D, Needham E, Patel S, Menon D. Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: A systematic review. J Clin Neurosci. 2018;52:54-9.
Nosadini M, Eyre M, Molteni E, Thomas T, Irani SR, Dalmau J, et al. Use and Safety of Immunotherapeutic Management of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antibody Encephalitis: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(11):1333-44.
Gresa-Arribas N, Titulaer MJ, Torrents A, Aguilar E, McCracken L, Leypoldt F, et al. Antibody titres at diagnosis and during follow-up of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a retrospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(2):167-77.
Nosadini M, Thomas T, Eyre M, Anlar B, Armangue T, Benseler SM, et al. International Consensus Recommendations for the Treatment of Pediatric NMDAR Antibody Encephalitis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021;8(5).
Abboud H, Probasco JC, Irani S, Ances B, Benavides DR, Bradshaw M, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: proposed best practice recommendations for diagnosis and acute management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021;92(7):757-68.
Gong X, Luo R, Liu J, Guo K, Li A, Liu X, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of intravenous immunoglobulin versus intravenous methylprednisolone treatment in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. Eur J Neurol. 2022;29(4):1117-27.
Abboud H, Probasco J, Irani SR, Ances B, Benavides DR, Bradshaw M, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: proposed recommendations for symptomatic and long-term management. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021;92(8):897-907.
de Vries JM, Titulaer MJ. Treatment approaches in autoimmune neurology: focus on autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal cell surface antibodies. Neuroimmunology: Multiple Sclerosis, Autoimmune Neurology and Related Diseases. 2021:261-78.
Morales-Ruiz V, Juárez-Vaquera VH, Rosetti-Sciutto M, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Adalid-Peralta L. Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin in autoimmune neurological diseases. Literature systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2022;21(3):103019.
Pham HP, Daniel-Johnson JA, Stotler BA, Stephens H, Schwartz J. Therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. J Clin Apher. 2011;26(6):320-5.
Suppiej A, Nosadini M, Zuliani L, Pelizza MF, Toldo I, Bertossi C, et al. Plasma exchange in pediatric anti-NMDAR encephalitis: A systematic review. Brain Dev. 2016;38(7):613-22.
Guang S, Ma J, Ren X, Zhou S, Yang J, Zhang J, et al. Immunotherapies for Anti-N-M-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: Multicenter Retrospective Pediatric Cohort Study in China. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:691599.
Kayser MS, Dalmau J. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, autoimmunity, and psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2016;176(1):36-40.
Bartels F, Krohn S, Nikolaus M, Johannsen J, Wickström R, Schimmel M, et al. Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outcome Predictors in Pediatric Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis. Ann Neurol. 2020;88(1):148-59.
Dale RC, Church AJ, Heyman I. Striatal encephalitis after varicella zoster infection complicated by Tourettism. Mov Disord. 2003;18(12):1554-6.
Dale RC, Church AJ, Surtees RA, Lees AJ, Adcock JE, Harding B, et al. Encephalitis lethargica syndrome: 20 new cases and evidence of basal ganglia autoimmunity. Brain. 2004;127(Pt 1):21-33.
Dale RC, Church AJ, Benton S, Surtees RA, Lees A, Thompson EJ, et al. Post-streptococcal autoimmune dystonia with isolated bilateral striatal necrosis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2002;44(7):485-9.
Dale RC, Brilot F. Autoimmune basal ganglia disorders. J Child Neurol. 2012;27(11):1470-81.
Florance NR, Davis RL, Lam C, Szperka C, Zhou L, Ahmad S, et al. Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children and adolescents. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(1):11-8.
Shah R, Veerapandiyan A, Winchester S, Gallentine W, Mikati MA. Two patients with an anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibody syndrome-like presentation and negative results of testing for autoantibodies. Pediatr Neurol. 2011;45(6):412-6.
Dimova PS, Bojinova V, Georgiev D, Milanov I. Acute reversible parkinsonism in Epstein-Barr virus-related encephalitis lethargica-like illness. Mov Disord. 2006;21(4):564-6.
Beaulieu JM, Gainetdinov RR. The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2011;63(1):182-217.
Kebabian JW, Calne DB. Multiple receptors for dopamine. Nature. 1979;277(5692):93-6.
Gerfen CR. Molecular effects of dopamine on striatal-projection pathways. Trends Neurosci. 2000;23(10 Suppl):S64-70.
Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Kelly CR, McKeon A, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Lennon VA, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis epidemiology and a comparison to infectious encephalitis. Ann Neurol. 2018;83(1):166-77.
Dale RC, Merheb V, Pillai S, Wang D, Cantrill L, Murphy TK, et al. Antibodies to surface dopamine-2 receptor in autoimmune movement and psychiatric disorders. Brain. 2012;135(Pt 11):3453-68.
Pawela C, Brunsdon RK, Williams TA, Porter M, Dale RC, Mohammad SS. The neuropsychological profile of children with basal ganglia encephalitis: a case series. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017;59(4):445-8.