Klinik İzole Sendrom

Solmaz İ, Öncel İ. Evolution of clinically isolated syndrome to pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis and a review of the literature. Turk J Med Sci. 2022;52(4):1281-1287.

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Chitnis T, Glanz B, Jaffin S, et al. Demographics of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis in an MS center population from the Northeastern United States. Mult Scler. 2009;15(5):627-631.

Banwell B, Krupp L, Kennedy J, et al. Clinical features and viral serologies in children with multiple sclerosis: a multinational observational study. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6(9):773-781.

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Miller DH, Chard DT, Ciccarelli O. Clinically isolated syndromes. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11(2):157-169.

Fisniku LK, Brex PA, Altmann DR, et al. Disability and T2 MRI lesions: a 20-year follow-up of patients with relapse onset of multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 3):808-817.

Freedman MS, Comi G, De Stefano N, et al. Moving toward earlier treatment of multiple sclerosis: Findings from a decade of clinical trials and implications for clinical practice. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2014;3(2):147-155.

Waldman A, Ghezzi A, Bar-Or A, et al. Multiple sclerosis in children: an update on clinical diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and research. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(9):936-948.

Ghezzi A. Pediatric multiple sclerosis: update in diagnosis and management. Eur Neurol. 2014;72 Suppl 1:26-28.

Krupp LB, Banwell B, Tenembaum S. Consensus definitions proposed for pediatric multiple sclerosis and related disorders. Neurology. 2007;68(16 Suppl 2):S7-12.

Krupp LB, Tardieu M, Amato MP, et al. International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group criteria for pediatric multiple sclerosis and immune-mediated central nervous system demyelinating disorders: revisions to the 2007 definitions. Mult Scler. 2013;19(10):1261-1267.

Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(2):292-302.

Brownlee WJ, Miller DH. Clinically isolated syndromes and the relationship to multiple sclerosis. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2014;21(12):2065-2071.

Miller DH, Weinshenker BG, Filippi M, et al. Differential diagnosis of suspected multiple sclerosis: a consensus approach. Mult Scler. 2008;14(9):1157-1174.

Papetti L, Figà Talamanca L, Spalice A, et al. Predictors of Evolution Into Multiple Sclerosis After a First Acute Demyelinating Syndrome in Children and Adolescents. Front Neurol. 2018;9:1156.

Nourbakhsh B, Cordano C, Asteggiano C, et al. Multiple Sclerosis Is Rare in Epstein-Barr Virus-Seronegative Children with Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelination. Ann Neurol. 2021;89(6):1234-1239.

Bektaş G, Özkan MU, Yıldız EP, et al. Clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis in children: a single center study. Turk J Pediatr. 2020;62(2):244-251.

Van der Vuurst de Vries R, Van Pelt E, Mescheriakova J, et al. Disease course after clinically isolated syndrome in children versus adults: a prospective cohort study. European Journal of Neurology. 2017;24(2):315-321.

Waldman AT, Stull LB, Galetta SL, et al. Pediatric optic neuritis and risk of multiple sclerosis: meta-analysis of observational studies. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 2011;15(5):441-446.

Tur C, Montalban X. CSF oligoclonal bands are important in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, unreasonably downplayed by the McDonald criteria 2010: No. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2013;19(6):717-718.

Etemadifar M, Nourian S-M, Nourian N, et al. Early-onset multiple sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran: report of the demographic and clinical features of 221 patients. Journal of Child Neurology. 2016;31(7):932-937.

Iaffaldano P, Simone M, Lucisano G, et al. Prognostic indicators in pediatric clinically isolated syndrome. Annals of neurology. 2017;81(5):729-739.

Langer-Gould A, Brara SM, Beaber BE, et al. Childhood obesity and risk of pediatric multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome. Neurology. 2013;80(6):548-552.

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Teunissen CE, Iacobaeus E, Khademi M, et al. Combination of CSF N-acetylaspartate and neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2009;72(15):1322-1329.

Khalil M, Enzinger C, Langkammer C, et al. CSF neurofilament and N-acetylaspartate related brain changes in clinically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler. 2013;19(4):436-442.

van der Vuurst de Vries RM, Wong YYM, Mescheriakova JY, et al. High neurofilament levels are associated with clinically definite multiple sclerosis in children and adults with clinically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler. 2019;25(7):958-967.

Dalla Costa G, Martinelli V, Sangalli F, et al. Prognostic value of serum neurofilaments in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology. 2019;92(7):e733-e741.

Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018;17(2):162-173.

Brownlee WJ, Hardy TA, Fazekas F, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges. The Lancet. 2017;389(10076):1336-1346.

Peche SS, Alshekhlee A, Kelly J, et al. A long-term follow-up study using IPMSSG criteria in children with CNS demyelination. Pediatric Neurology. 2013;49(5):329-334.

Ghezzi A, Pozzilli C, Liguori M, et al. Prospective study of multiple sclerosis with early onset. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2002;8(2):115-118.

Dale Rd, De Sousa C, Chong W, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis in children. Brain. 2000;123(12):2407-2422.

Wilejto M, Shroff M, Buncic J, et al. The clinical features, MRI findings, and outcome of optic neuritis in children. Neurology. 2006;67(2):258-262.

Banwell B, Ghezzi A, Bar-Or A, et al. Multiple sclerosis in children: clinical diagnosis, therapeutic strategies, and future directions. The Lancet Neurology. 2007;6(10):887-902.

Alper G, Wang L. Demyelinating optic neuritis in children. Journal of Child Neurology. 2009;24(1):45-48.

Eriksson M, Andersen O, Runmarker B. Long-term follow up of patients with clinically isolated syndromes, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2003;9(3):260-274.

Lipton HL, Teasdall RD. Acute transverse myelopathy in adults: a follow-up study. Archives of Neurology. 1973;28(4):252-257.

Fisniku L, Brex P, Altmann D, et al. Disability and T2 MRI lesions: a 20-year follow-up of patients with relapse onset of multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2008;131(3):808-817.

Young J, Quinn S, Hurrell M, et al. Clinically isolated acute transverse myelitis: prognostic features and incidence. Multiple Sclerosis Journal. 2009;15(11):1295-1302.

Tintore M, Rovira A, Arrambide G, et al. Brainstem lesions in clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology. 2010;75(21):1933-1938.

Derle E, Kurne AT, Konuşkan B, et al. Unfavorable outcome of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis: Follow-up in the pediatric and adult neurology departments of one referral center, in Turkey. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016;9:1-4.

Kale N. Management of optic neuritis as a clinically first event of multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2012;23(6):472-476.

Group ONS. Multiple sclerosis risk after optic neuritis: final optic neuritis treatment trial follow-up. Archives of neurology. 2008;65(6):727-732.

Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Arnold DL, et al. Clinical, environmental, and genetic determinants of multiple sclerosis in children with acute demyelination: a prospective national cohort study. The Lancet Neurology. 2011;10(5):436-445.

Verhey LH, Branson HM, Shroff MM, et al. MRI parameters for prediction of multiple sclerosis diagnosis in children with acute CNS demyelination: a prospective national cohort study. The Lancet Neurology. 2011;10(12):1065-1073.

Grzegorski T, Losy J. What do we currently know about the clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis? An update. Rev Neurosci. 2020;31(3):335-349.

AlTokhis AI, AlAmrani A, Alotaibi A, et al. Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Prognostic Disability Marker in Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(2).

Kolčava J, Kočica J, Hulová M, et al. Conversion of clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: a prospective study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;44:102262.

Kuhle J, Disanto G, Dobson R, et al. Conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: A large multicentre study. Mult Scler. 2015;21(8):1013-1024.

Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Lucchinetti CF, et al. The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica. The Lancet Neurology. 2007;6(9):805-815.

Absoud M, Greenberg BM, Lim M, et al. Pediatric transverse myelitis. Neurology. 2016;87(9 Suppl 2):S46-52.

Singhi P, Sharma JP, Gautam R, et al. Extensive Longitudinal Transverse Myelitis Associated With CSF Epstein-Barr Virus Infection: A Case Report. Child Neurol Open. 2021;8:2329048x211049958.

Goh C, Desmond PM, Phal PM. MRI in transverse myelitis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;40(6):1267-1279.

Theodoridou A, Settas L. Demyelination in rheumatic diseases. Postgraduate medical journal. 2008;84(989):127-132.

Yamout B, Al-Jumah M, Sahraian MA, et al. Consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: 2023 revision of the MENACTRIMS guidelines. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024;83:105435.

Kappos L, Freedman MS, Polman CH, et al. Effect of early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment on disability after a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis: a 3-year follow-up analysis of the BENEFIT study. The Lancet. 2007;370(9585):389-397.

Chitnis T, Arnold DL, Banwell B, et al. Trial of fingolimod versus interferon beta-1a in pediatric multiple sclerosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;379(11):1017-1027.

Wallach AI, Waltz M, Casper TC, et al. Cognitive processing speed in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: Baseline characteristics of impairment and prediction of decline. Mult Scler. 2020;26(14):1938-1947.

McKay KA, Manouchehrinia A, Berrigan L, et al. Long-term Cognitive Outcomes in Patients With Pediatric-Onset vs Adult-Onset Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76(9):1028-1034.

Metz LM. Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Early Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2019;25(3):670-688.