Kardiyak Hastalarda Uyku Bozukluğu ve Uyku Laboratuvarı Hemşireliği
Özet
Uyku bozuklukları, kardiyovasküler hastalıkların gelişiminde önemli bir risk faktörüdür. Obstrüktif Uyku Apnesi Sendromu (OSAS), uyku sırasında üst solunum yolunun tekrarlayan tıkanıklıkları ile ortaya çıkar ve hipertansiyon, kalp yetmezliği gibi ciddi kalp sorunlarına yol açabilir. Santral Uyku Apnesi (CSAS), beyin tarafından solunumun yeterince kontrol edilmemesi sonucu oluşur ve kalp yetmezliği ile yakından ilişkilidir ve bu durumun seyrini kötüleştirebilir. Pozisyona bağlı uyku apnesi (PSA) ise sırtüstü yatış pozisyonunda artan apne ile kardiyovasküler riski artırır. REM bağımlı OSAS, kardiyovasküler olay riskini artırırken, insomnia ve hipersomnia gibi diğer uyku bozuklukları da sempatik sinir sistemi aktivitesini etkileyerek kardiyovasküler riskleri artırır. Uyku laboratuvarları, uyku apnesi, hipersomnia, insomnia ve narkolepsi gibi hastalıkları değerlendirmek ve tedavi etkinliğini izlemek için kullanılan kritik merkezlerdir. Uyku laboratuvarları, uyku bozukluklarını objektif ve subjektif yöntemlerle değerlendirir ve tedavi süreçleri için önemli veriler sağlar. Sürekli pozitif hava yolu basıncı (CPAP) gibi tedaviler bu hastalıkların yönetilmesinde etkilidir. Hemşireler, uyku laboratuvarlarında hastaların hazırlık sürecinden testlerinin doğru yürütülmesine, hasta güvenliğine, eğitimine ve verilerin analiz edilmesine kadar birçok görev üstlenirler. Erken teşhis ve tedavi, kardiyovasküler hastalıkların önlenmesinde kritik rol oynar. Bu nedenle uyku kalitesinin izlenmesi ve uyku bozukluklarının doğru değerlendirilmesi genel sağlığı ve kalp hastalıkları riskini azaltmak için önemlidir.
Sleep disorders are a significant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) occurs due to repeated obstructions of the upper airway during sleep and can lead to serious heart issues such as hypertension and heart failure. Central Sleep Apnea (CSAS) results from inadequate control of breathing by the brain and is closely linked to heart failure, potentially worsening its progression. Positional sleep apnea (PSA), where apneas increase in the supine position, raises cardiovascular risk. REM-dependent OSAS increases the risk of cardiovascular events, while other sleep disorders like insomnia and hypersomnia affect sympathetic nervous system activity, increasing cardiovascular risks. Sleep laboratories are critical centers used to evaluate and monitor the treatment efficacy of conditions like sleep apnea, hypersomnia, insomnia, and narcolepsy. These labs assess sleep disorders through both objective and subjective methods, providing valuable data for treatment processes. Treatments like Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) are effective in managing these conditions. Nurses play a crucial role in sleep labs, from patient preparation and conducting tests to ensuring patient safety, providing education, and analyzing data. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, monitoring sleep quality and accurately evaluating sleep disorders are essential for improving overall health and reducing the risk of heart disease.
Referanslar
Culebras, A. (2004). Who should be tested in the sleep laboratory? Reviews in neurological diseases, 1(3), 124-132.
Bae, C. J., & Foldvary-Schaefer, N. (2004). The use of sleep studies in neurological practice. Seminars in neurology, 24(3), 237-248
Lyons, M., Li, C. Y., Malone, K., Shang, S., Zhang, S., & Weaver, T. (2021). Roles of nurses in sleep medicine. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 101(22), 1642-1645
Hla, K., Young, T., Hagen, E., Stein, J., Finn, L., Nieto, F., & Peppard, P. (2015). Coronary heart disease incidence in sleep disordered breathing: the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep, 38(5), 677-684.
Parati, G., Lombardi, C., Castagna, F., Mattaliano, P., Filardi, P., & Agostoni, P. (2016). Heart failure and sleep disorders. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 13, 389-403.
Dredla, B., & Castillo, P. (2019). Cardiovascular Consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Current Cardiology Reports.
Wang, Q., Wang, X., Yang, C., & Wang, L. (2021). The role of sleep disorders in cardiovascular diseases: Culprit or accomplice? Life Sciences, 11985
Snopkowski, B., Szponarowicz, P., Panek, E., Jasłowski, D., Rzeszutko, M., Raczkiewicz, P., Panasiuk, D., Skrętowicz, M., Korzec, T., & Sosnowski, J. (2023). Impact of sleep disorders on cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Education, Health and Sport.
Hirscher, V., Unbehaun, T., Feige, B., Nissen, C., Riemann, D., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2015). Patients with primary insomnia in the sleep laboratory: do they present with typical nights of sleep? Journal of Sleep Research.
Khattak, H. K., Hayat, F., Pamboukian, S., Hahn, H., Schwartz, B. P., & Stein, P. (2018). Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure: Review of Prevalence, Treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, and Prognosis. Texas Heart Institute Journal.
Aurora, N., Crainiceanu, C., Gottlieb, D., Kim, J., & Punjabi, N. (2017). Obstructive Sleep Apnea during REM Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 197, 653–660. Doi: 10.1164/rccm.201706-1112OC
Stoohs, R., & Guilleminault, C. (1992). Cardiovascular changes associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Journal of Applied Physiology, 72 (2), 583-589. Doi: 10.1152/JAPPL.1992.72.2.583.
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2014). International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd ed.). IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
Miller, C. B., Kyle, S., Melehan, K., & Bartlett, D. (2015). Methodology for the Assessment of Sleep. In Techniques to Diagnose Sleep Disorders.
Izci B, Ardic S, Firat H, et al. (2008). Reliability and validity studies of the Turkish version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep Breath, 12, 161-168.
Ağargün MY. (1996). Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin geçerligi ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatr Dergisi, 7, 107-115
Colvin, L. J., Cartwright, A., Collop, N., Freedman, N., McLeod, D., Weaver, T., & Rogers, A. (2014). Advanced practice registered nurses and physician assistants in sleep centers and clinics: a survey of current roles and educational background. Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 10(5), 581-587.
Gellerstedt, L., Medin, J., Kumlin, M., & Karlsson, M. R. (2019). Sleep as a topic in nursing education programs? A mixed method study of syllabuses and nursing students' perceptions. Nurse education today, 79, 168-174.
Cohen-Mansfield, J., Waldhorn, R., Werner, P., & Billig, N. (1990). Validation of sleep observations in a nursing home. Sleep, 13(6), 512-525.
Referanslar
Culebras, A. (2004). Who should be tested in the sleep laboratory? Reviews in neurological diseases, 1(3), 124-132.
Bae, C. J., & Foldvary-Schaefer, N. (2004). The use of sleep studies in neurological practice. Seminars in neurology, 24(3), 237-248
Lyons, M., Li, C. Y., Malone, K., Shang, S., Zhang, S., & Weaver, T. (2021). Roles of nurses in sleep medicine. Zhonghua yi xue za zhi, 101(22), 1642-1645
Hla, K., Young, T., Hagen, E., Stein, J., Finn, L., Nieto, F., & Peppard, P. (2015). Coronary heart disease incidence in sleep disordered breathing: the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Sleep, 38(5), 677-684.
Parati, G., Lombardi, C., Castagna, F., Mattaliano, P., Filardi, P., & Agostoni, P. (2016). Heart failure and sleep disorders. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 13, 389-403.
Dredla, B., & Castillo, P. (2019). Cardiovascular Consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Current Cardiology Reports.
Wang, Q., Wang, X., Yang, C., & Wang, L. (2021). The role of sleep disorders in cardiovascular diseases: Culprit or accomplice? Life Sciences, 11985
Snopkowski, B., Szponarowicz, P., Panek, E., Jasłowski, D., Rzeszutko, M., Raczkiewicz, P., Panasiuk, D., Skrętowicz, M., Korzec, T., & Sosnowski, J. (2023). Impact of sleep disorders on cardiovascular diseases. Journal of Education, Health and Sport.
Hirscher, V., Unbehaun, T., Feige, B., Nissen, C., Riemann, D., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2015). Patients with primary insomnia in the sleep laboratory: do they present with typical nights of sleep? Journal of Sleep Research.
Khattak, H. K., Hayat, F., Pamboukian, S., Hahn, H., Schwartz, B. P., & Stein, P. (2018). Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Heart Failure: Review of Prevalence, Treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, and Prognosis. Texas Heart Institute Journal.
Aurora, N., Crainiceanu, C., Gottlieb, D., Kim, J., & Punjabi, N. (2017). Obstructive Sleep Apnea during REM Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 197, 653–660. Doi: 10.1164/rccm.201706-1112OC
Stoohs, R., & Guilleminault, C. (1992). Cardiovascular changes associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Journal of Applied Physiology, 72 (2), 583-589. Doi: 10.1152/JAPPL.1992.72.2.583.
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2014). International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd ed.). IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
Miller, C. B., Kyle, S., Melehan, K., & Bartlett, D. (2015). Methodology for the Assessment of Sleep. In Techniques to Diagnose Sleep Disorders.
Izci B, Ardic S, Firat H, et al. (2008). Reliability and validity studies of the Turkish version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep Breath, 12, 161-168.
Ağargün MY. (1996). Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksinin geçerligi ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatr Dergisi, 7, 107-115
Colvin, L. J., Cartwright, A., Collop, N., Freedman, N., McLeod, D., Weaver, T., & Rogers, A. (2014). Advanced practice registered nurses and physician assistants in sleep centers and clinics: a survey of current roles and educational background. Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 10(5), 581-587.
Gellerstedt, L., Medin, J., Kumlin, M., & Karlsson, M. R. (2019). Sleep as a topic in nursing education programs? A mixed method study of syllabuses and nursing students' perceptions. Nurse education today, 79, 168-174.
Cohen-Mansfield, J., Waldhorn, R., Werner, P., & Billig, N. (1990). Validation of sleep observations in a nursing home. Sleep, 13(6), 512-525.
