Mitral Kapak Hastalıkları ve Spor
Özet
Mitral kapak hastalığı, kalsifik aort darlığından sonra en yaygın ikinci kalp kapak hastalığıdır. Mitral kapak hastalıkları farklı patofizyolojik mekanizmalara sahip heterojen bir gruptur (1). Düzenli fiziksel aktivite tüm bireylerin fiziksel ve zihinsel sağlığı için gereklidir ve tüm nedenlere bağlı ölüm oranını azalttığı kanıtlanmıştır. Egzersiz reçetesi, kardiyovasküler hastalığı olanlar için tedavinin bir parçasıdır (2).
Fiziksel egzersiz sırasında hemodinamik dengede meydana gelen değişiklikler (kalp hızı, ön yük veya son yükteki artış dahil) mitral kapak hastalığının ilerlemesine neden olabilir ve potansiyel olarak majör kardiyak olayları tetikleyebilir. Bu nedenle, mitral kapak hastalığı olan genç hastalarda rekabetçi spor veya egzersiz reçetesine izin veren, olumlu etkilerin yanı sıra potansiyel riskleri de dengeleyen kriterlerin tanımlanması önemlidir.
Referanslar
Perone, F et al, M. An Overview of Sport Participation and Exercise Prescription in Mitral Valve Disease J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2023 Jul; 10(7): 304. Published online 2023 Jul 18. doi: 10.3390/jcdd10070304 [PubMed]
Suaya J.A., Stason W.B., Ades P.A., Normand S.-L.T., Shepard D.S. Cardiac rehabilitation and survival in older coronary patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009;54:25–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.01.078. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Robles A.G., Palamà Z., Nesti M., Tunzi R.M., Delise P., Cavarretta E., Penco M., Romano S., Sciarra L. Sport Related Sudden Death: The Importance of Primary and Secondary Prevention. J. Clin. Med. 2022;11:4683. doi: 10.3390/jcm11164683. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
van Buuren F., Gati S., Sharma S., Papadakis M., Adami P.E., Niebauer J., Pelliccia A., Rudolph V., Börjesson M., Carre F., et al. Athletes with valvular heart disease and competitive sports: A position statement of the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol.2021;28:1569–1578. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab058. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Baumgartner H., Hung J., Bermejo J., Chambers J.B., Evangelista A., Griffin B.P., Iung B., Otto C.M., Pellikka P.A., Quiñones M., et al. Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2009;22:1–23. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.11.029. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Lev E.I., Sagie A., Vaturi M., Sela N., Battler A., Shapira Y. Value of exercise echocardiography in rheumatic mitral stenosis with and without significant mitral regurgitation. Am. J. Cardiol. 2004;93:1060–1063. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.12.064. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
van Buuren F., Gati S., Sharma S., Papadakis M., Adami P.E., Niebauer J., Pelliccia A., Rudolph V., Börjesson M., Carre F., et al. Athletes with valvular heart disease and competitive sports: A position statement of the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 2021;28:1569–1578. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab058. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Pelliccia A., Sharma S., Gati S., Bäck M., Börjesson M., Caselli S., Collet J.-P., Corrado D., Drezner J.A., Halle M., et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur. Heart J. 2021;42:17–96. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa605. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Gentile F et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e72–e227. doi:doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000923. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Langer C, Butz T, Mellwig KP, Oepangat E, Fruend A, Faber L et al. Elite athletes with mitral or aortic regurgitation and their cardiopulmonary capability. Acta Cardiol. 2013;68(5):475–80. doi: 10.1080/ac.68.5.2994470. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Bradley J. Petek, MD1 and Aaron L. Baggish, MD2,* Valvular Heart Disease in Athletes Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2021; 23(11): 69. Published online 2021 Oct 15. doi: 10.1007/s11936-021-00950-1[PubMed]
Fulton BL, Liang JJ, Enriquez A, Garcia FC, Supple GE, Riley MP, et al. Imaging characteristics of papillary muscle site of origin of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with mitral valve prolapse. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2018;29:146–53. (Google Scholar ) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, Milojevic M, Baldus S, Bauersachs J, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 2021;43:561–632. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (WorldCat)
Hayek E, Gring CN, Griffin BP. Mitral valve prolapse. Lancet 2005;365:507–18. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Sabbag A et al. EHRA expert consensus statement on arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse and mitral annular disjunction complex in collaboration with the ESC Council on valvular heart disease and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed cby the Heart Rhythm Society, by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and by the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society. EP Europace, Volume 24, Issue 12, December 2022, Pages 1981–2003, https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euac125 [PubMed]
Grego S, Nardi P, Gislao V, et al. The new 2010 Ghent criteria for the indication to surgical treatment of patients affected by Marfan syndrome. Experience of a single cardiac surgery center. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2013;14:548–554. (Google Scholar) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Hiemstra YL, Wijngaarden ALV, Bos MW, et al. Familial occurrence of mitral regurgitation in patients with mitral valve prolapse undergoing mitral valve surgery. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020;27:272–280. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Syed FF, Ackerman MJ, McLeod CJ, et al. Sites of Successful ventricular fibrillation ablation in bileaflet mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016;9. pii: e004005. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004005. (Google Scholar) (WorldCat)
Tirapu L, San Antonio R, Tolosana JM, et al. Exercise and atrial fibrillation: how health turns harm, and how to turn it back. Minerva Cardioangiol 2019;67:411–424. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Miller MA, Dukkipati SR, Turagam M, et al. Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:2904–2914. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.048. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Basso C, Perazzolo Marra M, Rizzo S, et al. Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 2015;132:556–566. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016291. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Caselli S, Mango F, Clark J, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome of athletes with mitral valve prolapse. Circulation 2018;137:2080–2082.(Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Muthukumar L, Rahman F, Jan MF, et al. The Pickelhaube sign: novel echocardiographic risk marker for malignant mitral valve prolapse syndrome. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017;10:1078–1080. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.016. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Perazzolo Marra M, Basso C, De Lazzari M, et al. Morphofunctional abnormalities of mitral annulus and arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;9: e005030. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.005030. (Google Scholar) (WorldCat)
Faletra FF, Leo LA, Paiocchi VL, Caretta A, Viani GM, Schlossbauer SA, et al. Anatomy of mitral annulus insights from non-invasive imaging techniques. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019;20:843–57. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Marra M P, Basso C, De Lazzari M, Rizzo S, Cipriani A, Giorgi B, et al. Morphofunctional abnormalities of mitral annulus and arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;9:e005030. (Google Scholar) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Mantegazza V, Volpato V, Gripari P, Ghulam Ali S, Fusini L, Italiano G, et al. Multimodality imaging assessment of mitral annular disjunction in mitral valve prolapse. Heart 2020; ;107:25–32. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Putnam AJ, Kebed K, Mor-Avi V, Rashedi N, Sun D, Patel B, et al. Prevalence of mitral annular disjunction in patients with mitral valve prolapse and severe regurgitation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020;36:1363–70. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Essayagh B, Sabbag A, Antoine C, Benfari G, Batista R, Yang LT, et al. The mitral annular disjunction of mitral valve prolapse: presentation and outcome. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021;14:2073–87. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Gati S, Malhotra A, Sharma S. Exercise recommendations in patients with valvular heart disease. Heart 2019;105:106–110. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313372. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Cavarretta E, Peruzzi M, Versaci F, Frati G, Sciarra L. How to manage an athlete with mitral valve prolapse European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Volume 28, Issue 10, October 2021, Pages 1110–1117, https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487320941646 (PubMed)
Delise P., Mos L., Sciarra L., Basso C., Biffi A., Cecchi F., Colivicchi F., Corrado D., D’andrea A., Di Cesare E., et al. Italian Cardiological Guidelines (COCIS) for Competitive Sport Eligibility in athletes with heart disease: Update 2020. J. Cardiovasc. Med. 2021;22:874–891. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000001186. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Referanslar
Perone, F et al, M. An Overview of Sport Participation and Exercise Prescription in Mitral Valve Disease J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2023 Jul; 10(7): 304. Published online 2023 Jul 18. doi: 10.3390/jcdd10070304 [PubMed]
Suaya J.A., Stason W.B., Ades P.A., Normand S.-L.T., Shepard D.S. Cardiac rehabilitation and survival in older coronary patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2009;54:25–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.01.078. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Robles A.G., Palamà Z., Nesti M., Tunzi R.M., Delise P., Cavarretta E., Penco M., Romano S., Sciarra L. Sport Related Sudden Death: The Importance of Primary and Secondary Prevention. J. Clin. Med. 2022;11:4683. doi: 10.3390/jcm11164683. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
van Buuren F., Gati S., Sharma S., Papadakis M., Adami P.E., Niebauer J., Pelliccia A., Rudolph V., Börjesson M., Carre F., et al. Athletes with valvular heart disease and competitive sports: A position statement of the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol.2021;28:1569–1578. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab058. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Baumgartner H., Hung J., Bermejo J., Chambers J.B., Evangelista A., Griffin B.P., Iung B., Otto C.M., Pellikka P.A., Quiñones M., et al. Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 2009;22:1–23. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.11.029. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Lev E.I., Sagie A., Vaturi M., Sela N., Battler A., Shapira Y. Value of exercise echocardiography in rheumatic mitral stenosis with and without significant mitral regurgitation. Am. J. Cardiol. 2004;93:1060–1063. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.12.064. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
van Buuren F., Gati S., Sharma S., Papadakis M., Adami P.E., Niebauer J., Pelliccia A., Rudolph V., Börjesson M., Carre F., et al. Athletes with valvular heart disease and competitive sports: A position statement of the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 2021;28:1569–1578. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab058. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Pelliccia A., Sharma S., Gati S., Bäck M., Börjesson M., Caselli S., Collet J.-P., Corrado D., Drezner J.A., Halle M., et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines on sports cardiology and exercise in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur. Heart J. 2021;42:17–96. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa605. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Erwin JP, Gentile F et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e72–e227. doi:doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000923. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Langer C, Butz T, Mellwig KP, Oepangat E, Fruend A, Faber L et al. Elite athletes with mitral or aortic regurgitation and their cardiopulmonary capability. Acta Cardiol. 2013;68(5):475–80. doi: 10.1080/ac.68.5.2994470. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
Bradley J. Petek, MD1 and Aaron L. Baggish, MD2,* Valvular Heart Disease in Athletes Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2021; 23(11): 69. Published online 2021 Oct 15. doi: 10.1007/s11936-021-00950-1[PubMed]
Fulton BL, Liang JJ, Enriquez A, Garcia FC, Supple GE, Riley MP, et al. Imaging characteristics of papillary muscle site of origin of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with mitral valve prolapse. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2018;29:146–53. (Google Scholar ) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Vahanian A, Beyersdorf F, Praz F, Milojevic M, Baldus S, Bauersachs J, et al. 2021 ESC/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J 2021;43:561–632. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (WorldCat)
Hayek E, Gring CN, Griffin BP. Mitral valve prolapse. Lancet 2005;365:507–18. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Sabbag A et al. EHRA expert consensus statement on arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse and mitral annular disjunction complex in collaboration with the ESC Council on valvular heart disease and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging endorsed cby the Heart Rhythm Society, by the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society, and by the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society. EP Europace, Volume 24, Issue 12, December 2022, Pages 1981–2003, https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euac125 [PubMed]
Grego S, Nardi P, Gislao V, et al. The new 2010 Ghent criteria for the indication to surgical treatment of patients affected by Marfan syndrome. Experience of a single cardiac surgery center. G Ital Cardiol (Rome) 2013;14:548–554. (Google Scholar) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Hiemstra YL, Wijngaarden ALV, Bos MW, et al. Familial occurrence of mitral regurgitation in patients with mitral valve prolapse undergoing mitral valve surgery. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020;27:272–280. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Syed FF, Ackerman MJ, McLeod CJ, et al. Sites of Successful ventricular fibrillation ablation in bileaflet mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016;9. pii: e004005. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004005. (Google Scholar) (WorldCat)
Tirapu L, San Antonio R, Tolosana JM, et al. Exercise and atrial fibrillation: how health turns harm, and how to turn it back. Minerva Cardioangiol 2019;67:411–424. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Miller MA, Dukkipati SR, Turagam M, et al. Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:2904–2914. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.048. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Basso C, Perazzolo Marra M, Rizzo S, et al. Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 2015;132:556–566. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016291. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Caselli S, Mango F, Clark J, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome of athletes with mitral valve prolapse. Circulation 2018;137:2080–2082.(Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Muthukumar L, Rahman F, Jan MF, et al. The Pickelhaube sign: novel echocardiographic risk marker for malignant mitral valve prolapse syndrome. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017;10:1078–1080. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.016. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Perazzolo Marra M, Basso C, De Lazzari M, et al. Morphofunctional abnormalities of mitral annulus and arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;9: e005030. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.005030. (Google Scholar) (WorldCat)
Faletra FF, Leo LA, Paiocchi VL, Caretta A, Viani GM, Schlossbauer SA, et al. Anatomy of mitral annulus insights from non-invasive imaging techniques. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019;20:843–57. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Marra M P, Basso C, De Lazzari M, Rizzo S, Cipriani A, Giorgi B, et al. Morphofunctional abnormalities of mitral annulus and arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;9:e005030. (Google Scholar) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Mantegazza V, Volpato V, Gripari P, Ghulam Ali S, Fusini L, Italiano G, et al. Multimodality imaging assessment of mitral annular disjunction in mitral valve prolapse. Heart 2020; ;107:25–32. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Putnam AJ, Kebed K, Mor-Avi V, Rashedi N, Sun D, Patel B, et al. Prevalence of mitral annular disjunction in patients with mitral valve prolapse and severe regurgitation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020;36:1363–70. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Essayagh B, Sabbag A, Antoine C, Benfari G, Batista R, Yang LT, et al. The mitral annular disjunction of mitral valve prolapse: presentation and outcome. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021;14:2073–87. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Gati S, Malhotra A, Sharma S. Exercise recommendations in patients with valvular heart disease. Heart 2019;105:106–110. DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313372. (Google Scholar) (Crossref) (PubMed) (WorldCat)
Cavarretta E, Peruzzi M, Versaci F, Frati G, Sciarra L. How to manage an athlete with mitral valve prolapse European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Volume 28, Issue 10, October 2021, Pages 1110–1117, https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487320941646 (PubMed)
Delise P., Mos L., Sciarra L., Basso C., Biffi A., Cecchi F., Colivicchi F., Corrado D., D’andrea A., Di Cesare E., et al. Italian Cardiological Guidelines (COCIS) for Competitive Sport Eligibility in athletes with heart disease: Update 2020. J. Cardiovasc. Med. 2021;22:874–891. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000001186. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
