Sporcularda Patolojik Elektrokardiyografi Bulguları
Özet
Sporcularda ani ölüm riskini belirlemede aile öyküsü ve fizik muayene bulguları önemli belirleyiciler olsa da, daha önce herhangi bir semptomu olmayan sporcularda ilk belirtinin ani kalp ölümü olabileceği unutulmamalıdır. Bu nedenle kardiyak semptom ve/veya ailede ani kardiyak ölüm öyküsü olması durumunda, elektrokardiyografi normal bile olsa ileri değerlendirme gereklidir. Spora katılım öncesi değerlendirmede, anormal elektrokardiyografik bulguların normal olanlardan ayırt edilmesi önemlidir.
Referanslar
Drezner JA, Asif IM, Owens DS, Prutkin JM, Salerno JC, Fean R, Rao AL, Stout K, Harmon KG. Accuracy of ECG interpretation in competitive athletes: the impact of using standised ECG criteria. Br J Sports Med 2012;46:335–340
İbrahim İ. Çetin, Filiz Ekici, Ayşe E. Kibar, et al. The pre-participation screening in young athletes: which protocol do we need exactly? Cardiology in the Young 2018, 28, 536–541.
BentRE, Wheeler MT, Hadley D, Knowles JW, et al. Systematic comparison of digital electrocardiograms from healthy athletes and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2462–2463.
Nasir K, Bomma C, Tandri H, et al. Electrocardiographic features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy according to disease severity:a need to broaden diagnostic criteria. Circulation 2004; 110:1527–1534.
Lakdawala NK, Thune JJ, Maron BJ, et al. Electrocardiographic features of sarcomere mutation carriers with and without clinically overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2011; 108:1606–1613.
Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Appelbaum E, et al. Significance of false negative electrocardiograms in preparticipation screening of athletes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol2012;110:1027–1032.
Kim JH, Baggish AL. Electrocardiographic right and left bundle branch block patterns in athletes: prevalence, pathology, and clinical significance. J Electrocardiol 2015;48:380–384.
Aro AL, Anttonen O, Tikkanen JT, et al. Intraventricular conduction delay in a standard 12 lead electrocardiogram as a predictor of mortality in the general population. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011;4:704–710.
Cohen MI, Triedman JK, Cannon BC, et al. PACES/HRS expert consensus statement on the management of the asymptomatic young patient with a Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW, ventricular preexcitation) electrocardiographic pattern: developed in partnership between the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES) and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of PACES, HRS, the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), the American Heart Association (AHA), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS). Heart Rhythm 2012;9:1006–1024
Schwartz PJ, Stramba-Badiale M, Crotti L, et al. Prevalence of the congenital long-QT syndrome. Circulation 2009;120:1761–1767.
Behr E, Wood DA, Wright M, et al. Cardiological assessment of first-degree relatives in sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. Lancet 2003;362:1457–1459
Uberoi A, Stein R, Perez MV, et al. Interpretation of the electrocardiogram of young athletes. Circulation 2011;124:746–757
Flavio D. Ascenzi, Francesca Anselmi, Francesca Graziano et al. Normal and abnormal QT interval duration and its changes in preadolescents and adolescents practicing sport. Europace 2019. 0, 1-9
Priori SG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C. 2015 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death summarized by co-chairs. Eur Heart J 2015;36:2757–2759.
Dhutia H, Malhotra A, Parpia S, et al. The prevalence and significance of a short QT interval in 18 825 low-risk individuals including athletes. Br J Sports Med 2016;50:124–129.
Marek J, Bufalino V, Davis J, et al. Feasibility and findings of large-scale electrocardiographic screening in young adults: data from 32,561 subjects. Heart Rhythm 2011;8:1555–1559.
Heidbuchel H, Hoogsteen J, Fagard R, et al. High prevalence of right ventricular involvement in endurance athletes with ventricular arrhythmias. Role of an electrophysiologic study in risk stratification. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1473–1480.
Referanslar
Drezner JA, Asif IM, Owens DS, Prutkin JM, Salerno JC, Fean R, Rao AL, Stout K, Harmon KG. Accuracy of ECG interpretation in competitive athletes: the impact of using standised ECG criteria. Br J Sports Med 2012;46:335–340
İbrahim İ. Çetin, Filiz Ekici, Ayşe E. Kibar, et al. The pre-participation screening in young athletes: which protocol do we need exactly? Cardiology in the Young 2018, 28, 536–541.
BentRE, Wheeler MT, Hadley D, Knowles JW, et al. Systematic comparison of digital electrocardiograms from healthy athletes and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:2462–2463.
Nasir K, Bomma C, Tandri H, et al. Electrocardiographic features of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy according to disease severity:a need to broaden diagnostic criteria. Circulation 2004; 110:1527–1534.
Lakdawala NK, Thune JJ, Maron BJ, et al. Electrocardiographic features of sarcomere mutation carriers with and without clinically overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2011; 108:1606–1613.
Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Appelbaum E, et al. Significance of false negative electrocardiograms in preparticipation screening of athletes for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol2012;110:1027–1032.
Kim JH, Baggish AL. Electrocardiographic right and left bundle branch block patterns in athletes: prevalence, pathology, and clinical significance. J Electrocardiol 2015;48:380–384.
Aro AL, Anttonen O, Tikkanen JT, et al. Intraventricular conduction delay in a standard 12 lead electrocardiogram as a predictor of mortality in the general population. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011;4:704–710.
Cohen MI, Triedman JK, Cannon BC, et al. PACES/HRS expert consensus statement on the management of the asymptomatic young patient with a Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW, ventricular preexcitation) electrocardiographic pattern: developed in partnership between the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES) and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of PACES, HRS, the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF), the American Heart Association (AHA), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the Canadian Heart Rhythm Society (CHRS). Heart Rhythm 2012;9:1006–1024
Schwartz PJ, Stramba-Badiale M, Crotti L, et al. Prevalence of the congenital long-QT syndrome. Circulation 2009;120:1761–1767.
Behr E, Wood DA, Wright M, et al. Cardiological assessment of first-degree relatives in sudden arrhythmic death syndrome. Lancet 2003;362:1457–1459
Uberoi A, Stein R, Perez MV, et al. Interpretation of the electrocardiogram of young athletes. Circulation 2011;124:746–757
Flavio D. Ascenzi, Francesca Anselmi, Francesca Graziano et al. Normal and abnormal QT interval duration and its changes in preadolescents and adolescents practicing sport. Europace 2019. 0, 1-9
Priori SG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C. 2015 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death summarized by co-chairs. Eur Heart J 2015;36:2757–2759.
Dhutia H, Malhotra A, Parpia S, et al. The prevalence and significance of a short QT interval in 18 825 low-risk individuals including athletes. Br J Sports Med 2016;50:124–129.
Marek J, Bufalino V, Davis J, et al. Feasibility and findings of large-scale electrocardiographic screening in young adults: data from 32,561 subjects. Heart Rhythm 2011;8:1555–1559.
Heidbuchel H, Hoogsteen J, Fagard R, et al. High prevalence of right ventricular involvement in endurance athletes with ventricular arrhythmias. Role of an electrophysiologic study in risk stratification. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1473–1480.
