Turunçgil Budaması
Özet
Budama turunçgillerde ağaç gelişimi ve şeklini kontrol etmek ve şekillendirmek, meyve verim ve kalitesini artırmak, hastalık ve zararlı kontrolünü, hasat uygulamalarını kolaylaştırmak, üretim maliyetini azaltmak gibi birçok önemli amaçlar için yapılan kültürel bir uygulamadır. Turunçgil yetiştiriciliğinde gübreleme, hastalık ve zararlılarla mücadele, sulama, yabancı otlarla mücadele gibi teknik ve kültürel işlemler içerisinde en az önem verileni ve ihmal edileni budamadır. Budama modern yetiştiricilikte yüksek ve kaliteli ürün alınması için mutlaka yerine getirilmelidir. Turunçgillerin morfoloji ve fizyolojileri dikkate alınarak uygun budama teknikleri kullanılmalıdır. Başarılı bir budama işlemi için ağacın gelişiminin, fizyolojisinin, tür ve çeşitlerinin farklılıklarının iyi bilinmesi ve ağacın tanınması çok önemlidir. Çünkü budama ağacın fizyolojik davranışını etkiler ve ağaçların gelişmesini ve üretimini yönetmede çok etkilidir. İyi planlanmış ve iyi uygulanmış budama, turunçgil bahçesinin sağlıklı ve verimli gelişimi için gereklidir.
Referanslar
Agusti, M. (2000). Citricultura; Mundi-Prensa: Madrid, Spain.
Aubert B.& Vullin G. (1998). Citrus nurseries anad planting techniques. CIRAD GTZ ISCN co-publication.183 pp. ISBN 287614 3283 9782876143289.
Arenas-Arenas, F.J., Arjona-López, J.M., Romero-Rodríguez, E., Calero-Velázquez, R., & Hervalejo, A. (2021). Techniques for Reducing the Abundance of Spring–Summer Flush Shoots in Southern Spanish Orange Orchards. Horticulturae, 7, 550.
Cline, M.G.(1997). Concepts and Terminology of Apical Dominance. Ame. J. Bot., 84, 1064–1069.
Chueca, P., Mateu, G., Garcerá, C., Fonte, A., Ortiz, C., & Torregrosa, A. (2021). Yield and Economic Results of Different Mechanical Pruning Strategies on “Navel Foyos” Oranges in the Mediterranean Area. Agriculture, 11, 82.
Collado Alamar, J.M. (1997). La Poda de Los Cítricos: Poda de Árboles Jóvenes. Comunitat Valencia. Agrar.
De Azevedo, F.A., Lanza, N.B., Sales, C.R.G., Silva, K.I., Barros, A.L., & De Negri, J.D. (2013). Poda Na Citricultura. Citrus Res. Technol, 34, 17–30.
Dhaliwal, H.S., Banke, A.K., Kumar, L., & Brar, J.S. (2016). Standardization of Pruning Severity for Healthy Bud Production in ‘Kinnow’ (C. nobilis × C. deliciosa) Mother Plants. Acta Hortic., 1130, 311–317.
Duarte, A., Segarra, J., Jorro, J., Merloni, E., Campana, G., Pernice, A., Rodríguez, A., & Marsala, S. (2019). The Transformation of Citrus Waste in Bioproducts. Techniques, Methodologies and Technologies. In Manual for Agricultural VET Teachers; CitriVET: La Vall d’Uixó, Spain, 2019; ISBN 9789898859891.
Ferguson, J.J. (2002). Your Florida Dooryard Citrus Guide—Pruning. In Series of the Horticultural Sciences Department; University of Florida: Gainesville, FL, USA; Volume 889, pp. 1–4.
Fonte, A., Torregrosa, A., Garcerá, C., Mateu, G., & Chueca, P. (2022). Mechanical Pruning of ‘Clemenules’ Mandarins in Spain: Yield Effects and Economic Analysis. Agronomy 2022, 12, 761.
Goldschmidt, E.E. & Sadka, A. (2021). Yield Alternation: Horticulture, Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Evolution. Hortic. Rev. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 48, 363–418.
Intrigliolo, F. & Roccuzzo, G. (2011). Modern Trends of Citrus Pruning in Italy. Adv. Hort. Sci., 25, 187–192.
Jacinto, C., Matias, P., Oliveira, C., & Duarte, A. (2023). Effect of Heading Cuts on Branch Growth of ‘Encore’ Mandarin. Acta Hortic. Submitted.
Kallsen, C.E. (2005). Topping and Manual Pruning Effects on the Production of Commercially Valuable Fruit in a Midseason Navel Orange Variety. Horttechnology, 15, 335–341.
Kang, S., Park, W.J., Moon, Y.E., Song, K.J., & Lee, J. (2019). Scion Root Pruning Affects Leaf C/N Ratio and Physiological Performance of ‘Shiranuhi’ Mandarin Trees Grown in a Greenhouse. Sci. Hortic. 253, 42–48.
Krajewski, A.J. & Pittaway, T. (2000). Manipulation of Citrus Flowering and Fruiting by Pruning. Proc. Int. Soc. Citric., IX, 357–360.
Krajewski, A.J. & Krajewski, S.A. (2011). Canopy Management of Sweet Orange, Grapefruit, Lemon, Lime and Mandarin Trees in the Tropics: Principles, Practices and Commercial Experiences. Acta Hortic., 894, 65–76.
Leyser, O. (2003). Regulation of Shoot Branching by Auxin. Trends Plant Sci., 8, 541–545.
Martin-Gorriz, B., Porras Castillo, I,; Torregrosa, A.(2014). Effect of Mechanical Pruning on the Yield and Quality of ‘Fortune’ Mandarins. Span. J. Agric. Res., 12, 952–959.
Martin-Gorriz, B., Martinez-Barba, C., & Torregrosa, A. (2021). Lemon Trees Response to Different Long-Term Mechanical and Manual Pruning Practices. Sci. Hortic., 275, 109700.
Matias, P., Duarte, B., Mendonça, A., Oliveira, S., Barrote, I., Guerrero, C., & Duarte, A. (2023). Effects of a Severe Recovery Pruning in the Productivity and Fruit Quality of Two Late Orange Cultivars. Acta Hortic. 2023. submitted.
Mondal, S.N., Vicent, A., Reis, R.F., & Timmer, L. W. (2007). Saprophytic Colonization of Citrus Twigs by Diaporthe Citri and Factors Affecting Pycnidial Production and Conidial Survival. Plant Dis., 91, 387–392.
Munoz-Fambuena, N., Mesejo, C., González-Mas, M.C., Primo-Millo, E., Agustí, M., & Iglesias, D.J. (2012). Fruit Load Modulates FloweringRelated Gene Expression in Buds of Alternate-Bearing ‘Moncada’ Mandarin. Ann. Bot., 110, 1109–1118.
Nishikawa, F., Iwasaki, M., Fukamachi, H., Nonaka, K., Imai, A., Takishita, F., Yano, T., & Endo, T. (2012). Fruit Bearing Suppresses Citrus Flowering Locus T Expression in Vegetative Shoots of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 81, 48–53.
Perez-Perez, J.G., García, J., Robles, J.M., & Botía, P. (2010). Economic Analysis of Navel Orange Cv. “Lane Late” Grown on Two Different Drought-Tolerant Rootstocks under Deficit Irrigation in South-Eastern Spain. Agric. Water Manag., 97, 157–164.
Rocha-Peña, M.A. & Padrón-Chávez, J.E. (2009). El Cultivo de los Cítricos nn el Estado de Nuevo León, 1st ed.; Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, (CIRNE): Mexico, Mexico; ISBN 978-607-425-113-5.
Rodriguez, J. & Villalba, D. (1998). Poda de Los Cítricos; Generalitat Valenciana: Valencia, Spain.
Rouse, R.E., Ozores-Hampton, M., Roka, F.M., & Roberts, P. (2017). Rehabilitation of Huanglongbing-Affected Citrus Trees Using Severe Pruning and Enhanced Foliar Nutritional Treatments. HortScience, 52, 972–978.
Santarosa, E., Koller, O.C., Casamali, B., & Petry, H.B. (2013). Produção e Qualidade Físico-Química de Frutos de Laranjeiras “Valência” Em Diferentes Intensidades e Frequências de Poda. Rev. Bras. Frutic., 35, 790–798.
Shalom, L., Samuels, S., Zur, N., Shlizerman, L., Zemach, H., Weissberg, M., Ophir, R., Blumwald, E, & Sadka, A.(2012). Alternate Bearing in Citrus: Changes in the Expression of Flowering Control Genes and in Global Gene Expression in ON- versus OFF-Crop Trees. PLoS ONE, 7, e46930.
Soler Aznar, J. (1999). Reconocimiento de Variedades de Cítricos En Campo; Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación: Valencia, Spain; ISBN 8448220889.
Stander, O.P.J., Barry, G.H., & Cronjé, P.J.R. (2018). Fruit Load Limits Root Growth, Summer Vegetative Shoot Development, and Flowering in Alternatebearing ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin Trees. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 143, 213–225.
Stuchi, E. (2012). Controle Do Tamanho de Plantas Cítricas. Citrus Res. Technol., 33, 91–112.
Tucker, D.P.H., Wheaton, T.A., & Muraro, R.P. (1994). Citrus Tree Pruning Principles and Practices. In Series of the Horticultural Sciences Department; University of Florida: Gainesville, FL, USA; Volume 144, pp. 1–9.
Yeşiloğlu, T. & Yılmaz, B. (2023). Turunçgiller-2 Ders Notları, Adana (Basılmamış).
Yılmaz, M. (1990). Meyve Ağaçlarında Budama. Çukurova Üniversitesi Basımevi, 130 s.
Referanslar
Agusti, M. (2000). Citricultura; Mundi-Prensa: Madrid, Spain.
Aubert B.& Vullin G. (1998). Citrus nurseries anad planting techniques. CIRAD GTZ ISCN co-publication.183 pp. ISBN 287614 3283 9782876143289.
Arenas-Arenas, F.J., Arjona-López, J.M., Romero-Rodríguez, E., Calero-Velázquez, R., & Hervalejo, A. (2021). Techniques for Reducing the Abundance of Spring–Summer Flush Shoots in Southern Spanish Orange Orchards. Horticulturae, 7, 550.
Cline, M.G.(1997). Concepts and Terminology of Apical Dominance. Ame. J. Bot., 84, 1064–1069.
Chueca, P., Mateu, G., Garcerá, C., Fonte, A., Ortiz, C., & Torregrosa, A. (2021). Yield and Economic Results of Different Mechanical Pruning Strategies on “Navel Foyos” Oranges in the Mediterranean Area. Agriculture, 11, 82.
Collado Alamar, J.M. (1997). La Poda de Los Cítricos: Poda de Árboles Jóvenes. Comunitat Valencia. Agrar.
De Azevedo, F.A., Lanza, N.B., Sales, C.R.G., Silva, K.I., Barros, A.L., & De Negri, J.D. (2013). Poda Na Citricultura. Citrus Res. Technol, 34, 17–30.
Dhaliwal, H.S., Banke, A.K., Kumar, L., & Brar, J.S. (2016). Standardization of Pruning Severity for Healthy Bud Production in ‘Kinnow’ (C. nobilis × C. deliciosa) Mother Plants. Acta Hortic., 1130, 311–317.
Duarte, A., Segarra, J., Jorro, J., Merloni, E., Campana, G., Pernice, A., Rodríguez, A., & Marsala, S. (2019). The Transformation of Citrus Waste in Bioproducts. Techniques, Methodologies and Technologies. In Manual for Agricultural VET Teachers; CitriVET: La Vall d’Uixó, Spain, 2019; ISBN 9789898859891.
Ferguson, J.J. (2002). Your Florida Dooryard Citrus Guide—Pruning. In Series of the Horticultural Sciences Department; University of Florida: Gainesville, FL, USA; Volume 889, pp. 1–4.
Fonte, A., Torregrosa, A., Garcerá, C., Mateu, G., & Chueca, P. (2022). Mechanical Pruning of ‘Clemenules’ Mandarins in Spain: Yield Effects and Economic Analysis. Agronomy 2022, 12, 761.
Goldschmidt, E.E. & Sadka, A. (2021). Yield Alternation: Horticulture, Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Evolution. Hortic. Rev. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 48, 363–418.
Intrigliolo, F. & Roccuzzo, G. (2011). Modern Trends of Citrus Pruning in Italy. Adv. Hort. Sci., 25, 187–192.
Jacinto, C., Matias, P., Oliveira, C., & Duarte, A. (2023). Effect of Heading Cuts on Branch Growth of ‘Encore’ Mandarin. Acta Hortic. Submitted.
Kallsen, C.E. (2005). Topping and Manual Pruning Effects on the Production of Commercially Valuable Fruit in a Midseason Navel Orange Variety. Horttechnology, 15, 335–341.
Kang, S., Park, W.J., Moon, Y.E., Song, K.J., & Lee, J. (2019). Scion Root Pruning Affects Leaf C/N Ratio and Physiological Performance of ‘Shiranuhi’ Mandarin Trees Grown in a Greenhouse. Sci. Hortic. 253, 42–48.
Krajewski, A.J. & Pittaway, T. (2000). Manipulation of Citrus Flowering and Fruiting by Pruning. Proc. Int. Soc. Citric., IX, 357–360.
Krajewski, A.J. & Krajewski, S.A. (2011). Canopy Management of Sweet Orange, Grapefruit, Lemon, Lime and Mandarin Trees in the Tropics: Principles, Practices and Commercial Experiences. Acta Hortic., 894, 65–76.
Leyser, O. (2003). Regulation of Shoot Branching by Auxin. Trends Plant Sci., 8, 541–545.
Martin-Gorriz, B., Porras Castillo, I,; Torregrosa, A.(2014). Effect of Mechanical Pruning on the Yield and Quality of ‘Fortune’ Mandarins. Span. J. Agric. Res., 12, 952–959.
Martin-Gorriz, B., Martinez-Barba, C., & Torregrosa, A. (2021). Lemon Trees Response to Different Long-Term Mechanical and Manual Pruning Practices. Sci. Hortic., 275, 109700.
Matias, P., Duarte, B., Mendonça, A., Oliveira, S., Barrote, I., Guerrero, C., & Duarte, A. (2023). Effects of a Severe Recovery Pruning in the Productivity and Fruit Quality of Two Late Orange Cultivars. Acta Hortic. 2023. submitted.
Mondal, S.N., Vicent, A., Reis, R.F., & Timmer, L. W. (2007). Saprophytic Colonization of Citrus Twigs by Diaporthe Citri and Factors Affecting Pycnidial Production and Conidial Survival. Plant Dis., 91, 387–392.
Munoz-Fambuena, N., Mesejo, C., González-Mas, M.C., Primo-Millo, E., Agustí, M., & Iglesias, D.J. (2012). Fruit Load Modulates FloweringRelated Gene Expression in Buds of Alternate-Bearing ‘Moncada’ Mandarin. Ann. Bot., 110, 1109–1118.
Nishikawa, F., Iwasaki, M., Fukamachi, H., Nonaka, K., Imai, A., Takishita, F., Yano, T., & Endo, T. (2012). Fruit Bearing Suppresses Citrus Flowering Locus T Expression in Vegetative Shoots of Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 81, 48–53.
Perez-Perez, J.G., García, J., Robles, J.M., & Botía, P. (2010). Economic Analysis of Navel Orange Cv. “Lane Late” Grown on Two Different Drought-Tolerant Rootstocks under Deficit Irrigation in South-Eastern Spain. Agric. Water Manag., 97, 157–164.
Rocha-Peña, M.A. & Padrón-Chávez, J.E. (2009). El Cultivo de los Cítricos nn el Estado de Nuevo León, 1st ed.; Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, (CIRNE): Mexico, Mexico; ISBN 978-607-425-113-5.
Rodriguez, J. & Villalba, D. (1998). Poda de Los Cítricos; Generalitat Valenciana: Valencia, Spain.
Rouse, R.E., Ozores-Hampton, M., Roka, F.M., & Roberts, P. (2017). Rehabilitation of Huanglongbing-Affected Citrus Trees Using Severe Pruning and Enhanced Foliar Nutritional Treatments. HortScience, 52, 972–978.
Santarosa, E., Koller, O.C., Casamali, B., & Petry, H.B. (2013). Produção e Qualidade Físico-Química de Frutos de Laranjeiras “Valência” Em Diferentes Intensidades e Frequências de Poda. Rev. Bras. Frutic., 35, 790–798.
Shalom, L., Samuels, S., Zur, N., Shlizerman, L., Zemach, H., Weissberg, M., Ophir, R., Blumwald, E, & Sadka, A.(2012). Alternate Bearing in Citrus: Changes in the Expression of Flowering Control Genes and in Global Gene Expression in ON- versus OFF-Crop Trees. PLoS ONE, 7, e46930.
Soler Aznar, J. (1999). Reconocimiento de Variedades de Cítricos En Campo; Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación: Valencia, Spain; ISBN 8448220889.
Stander, O.P.J., Barry, G.H., & Cronjé, P.J.R. (2018). Fruit Load Limits Root Growth, Summer Vegetative Shoot Development, and Flowering in Alternatebearing ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin Trees. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci., 143, 213–225.
Stuchi, E. (2012). Controle Do Tamanho de Plantas Cítricas. Citrus Res. Technol., 33, 91–112.
Tucker, D.P.H., Wheaton, T.A., & Muraro, R.P. (1994). Citrus Tree Pruning Principles and Practices. In Series of the Horticultural Sciences Department; University of Florida: Gainesville, FL, USA; Volume 144, pp. 1–9.
Yeşiloğlu, T. & Yılmaz, B. (2023). Turunçgiller-2 Ders Notları, Adana (Basılmamış).
Yılmaz, M. (1990). Meyve Ağaçlarında Budama. Çukurova Üniversitesi Basımevi, 130 s.
