İklim Değişikliğinin İnsan Fizyolojisine Etkileri
Özet
İklim değişikliği, atmosferdeki sera gazlarının artışı ile ilişkilidir. Bu değişiklik aynı zamanda hava kirleticilerin artan konsantrasyonları ile de bağlantılıdır. Bu değişiklik insan fizyolojisi üzerinde önemli etkilere sahiptir. İklim değişikliği, artan sıcaklık, yoğun sıcak dalgaları ve hava kirliliği gibi faktörlerle insan sağlığı üzerinde ciddi etkilere sahiptir. Yüksek sıcaklık ve nem koşulları, sıcak çarpması ve sıvı kaybına yol açarak vücut ısısını tehlikeli seviyelere çıkarabilir. Hava kirliliği ise solunum yolları hastalıklarını tetikleyebilir ve kalp-damar sorunlarını artırabilir. İklim değişikliği, gıda güvencesi sorunlarına ve su kaynaklarının azalmasına da katkıda bulunarak beslenme ve temel yaşam kaynaklarına erişimde sorunlar yaratabilir. Ayrıca, değişen iklim koşulları vektör taşıyan hastalıkların yayılma riskini artırabilir.
Referanslar
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014 [Online]. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ [Accesssed:20th September 2023]
Pörtner HO, Farrell AP. Ecology. Physiology and climate change. Science. 2008; 322(5902):690–2.
Gostimirovic M, Novakovic R, Rajkovic J, et al. The influence of climate change on human cardiovascular function. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health. 2020;75(7):406–14.
Ray C, Ming X. Climate Change and Human Health: A Review of Allergies, Autoimmunity and the Microbiome. International J ournal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(13).
Ziska LH. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and plant biology: the overlooked paradigm. DNA Cell Biolgy. 2008;27(4):165–72.
D’Amato G, Annesi-Maesano I, Vaghi A, Cecchi L, D’Amato M. How Do Storms Affect Asthma? Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 2018;18(4):24.
D’Amato G, Vitale C, Lanza M, et al. Climate change, air pollution, and allergic respiratory diseases: an update. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2016;16(5):434–40.
Katelaris CH, Beggs PJ. Climate change: allergens and allergic diseases. Internal Medicine Journal. 2018;48(2):129–34.
American Academy of Allergy A& I. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Web Page [Online]. https://www.aaaai.org [Accesssed:20th September 2023]
Ziska LH, Makra L, Harry SK, et al. Temperature-related changes in airborne allergenic pollen abundance and seasonality across the northern hemisphere: a retrospective data analysis. Lancet Planet Health. 2019;3(3):e124–31.
D’Amato G, Cecchi L, D’Amato M, et al. Urban air pollution and climate change as environmental risk factors of respiratory allergy: an update. Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology. 2010;20(2):95–102.
Patella V, Florio G, Magliacane D, et al. Urban air pollution and climate change: “The Decalogue: Allergy Safe Tree” for allergic and respiratory diseases care. Clinical and Molecular Allergy. 2018;16:20.
D’Amato G, Cecchi L. Effects of climate change on environmental factors in respiratory allergic diseases. Clinical and Experimental Allergy Journal. 2008;38(8):1264–74.
Bielory L, Lyons K, Goldberg R. Climate change and allergic disease. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 2012;12(6):485–94.
D’Amato G, Vitale C, D’Amato M, et al. Thunderstorm-related asthma: what happens and why. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 2016;46(3):390–6.
D’Amato G, Vitale C, Rosario N, et al. Climate change, allergy and asthma, and the role of tropical forests. World Allergy Organization Journal. 2017;10(1):11.
Vickery BP, Scurlock AM, Jones SM, et al. Mechanisms of immune tolerance relevant to food allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011;127(3):576.
Tan CCS, Chin LKK, Low ICC. Thermoregulation in the Aging Population and Practical Strategies to Overcome a Warmer Tomorrow. Proteomics. 2020;20(5–6):e1800468.
Zammit C, Torzhenskaya N, Ozarkar PD, Calleja Agius J. Neurological disorders vis-à-vis climate change. Early Human Development. 2021;155:105217.
Sharma HS, Hoopes PJ. Hyperthermia induced pathophysiology of the central nervous system. Int J Hyperth Off J Eur Soc Hyperthermic Oncol North Am Hyperth Gr. 2003;19(3):325–54.
Bongioanni P, Del Carratore R, Corbianco S, Diana A, Cavallini G, Masciandaro SM, et al. Climate change and neurodegenerative diseases. Environmental Research. 2021;201:111511.
Vabulas RM, Raychaudhuri S, Hayer-Hartl M, Hartl FU. Protein folding in the cytoplasm and the heat shock response. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2010;2(12):a004390.
Coogan AN, Schutová B, Husung S, et al. The circadian system in Alzheimer’s disease: disturbances, mechanisms, and opportunities. Biological Psychiatry. 2013;74(5):333–9.
Ruszkiewicz JA, Tinkov AA, Skalny A V, Siokas V, Dardiotis E, Tsatsakis A, et al. Brain diseases in changing climate. Environmental Research. 2019;177:108637.
Sharma HS. Hyperthermia influences excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. An experimental study in the rat using behavioural, biochemical, pharmacological, and morphological approaches. Journal of Neural Transmission. 2006;113(4):497–519.
Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF. Lipid oxidation and peroxidation in CNS health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010;12(1):125–69.
Akbarian A, Michiels J, Degroote J, Majdeddin M, Golian A, De Smet S. Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry; mitochondrial dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2016;7:37.
Wang Z, Cai F, Chen X, et al. The role of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species in hyperthermia-induced platelet apoptosis. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e75044.
Dahl GE, Tao S, Laporta J. Heat Stress Impacts Immune Status in Cows Across the Life Cycle. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020;7:116.
Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun S-C. NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2017;2:17023-.
Lee W, Moon M, Kim HG, et al. Heat stress-induced memory impairment is associated with neuroinflammation in mice. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2015;12:102.
Christoforidou E, Joilin G, Hafezparast M. Potential of activated microglia as a source of dysregulated extracellular microRNAs contributing to neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2020;17(1):135.
Suzuki K, Tominaga T, Ruhee RT, et al. Characterization and Modulation of Systemic Inflammatory Response to Exhaustive Exercise in Relation to Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;9(5).
Guo Y, Gasparrini A, Li S, et al. Quantifying excess deaths related to heatwaves under climate change scenarios: A multicountry time series modelling study. PLoS Med. 2018;15(7):e1002629.
Hashim IA. Clinical biochemistry of hyperthermia. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 2010;47(Pt 6):516–23.
Chen B, Feder ME, Kang L. Evolution of heat-shock protein expression underlying adaptive responses to environmental stress. Molecular Ecology. 2018;27(15):3040–54.
Stephanou A, Latchman DS. Transcriptional regulation of the heat shock protein genes by STAT family transcription factors. Gene Expression. 1999;7(4–6):311–9.
Knowlton AA, Kapadia S, Torre-Amione G, et al. Differential expression of heat shock proteins in normal and failing human hearts. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 1998;30(4):811–8.
Kalmar B, Greensmith L. Induction of heat shock proteins for protection against oxidative stress. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2009;61(4):310–8.
Bouchama A, Knochel JP. Heat stroke. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;346(25):1978–88.
Hansen A, Bi P, Nitschke M, et al. Older persons and heat-susceptibility: the role of health promotion in a changing climate. The Australian Health Promotion Association. 2011;22 Spec No:S17-20.
Hopp S, Dominici F, Bobb JF. Medical diagnoses of heat wave-related hospital admissions in older adults. Preventive Medicine. 2018;110:81–5.
Vuksanović V, Gal V, Platisa MM, Gojković-Bukarica L. Spontaneous contractions of isolated rat portal vein under temperature perturbations. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 2010;48(9):887–94.
Sasai F, Roncal-Jimenez C, Rogers K, et al. Climate change and nephrology. Nephrol Dial Transplant Off Publ Eur Dial Transpl Assoc - Eur Ren Assoc. 2023 ;38(1):41–8.
Hart GR, Anderson RJ, Crumpler CP, Shulkin A, Reed G, Knochel JP. Epidemic classical heat stroke: clinical characteristics and course of 28 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 1982;61(3):189–97.
Leon LR, Bouchama A. Heat stroke. Comprehensive Physiology. 2015;5(2):611–47.
Ahdoot S, Pacheco SE. Global Climate Change and Children’s Health. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):e1468-84.
Schachtel A, Dyer JA, Boos MD. Climate change and pediatric skin health. International Journal of Women’s Dermatology. 2021;7(1):85–90.
Ahn K. The role of air pollutants in atopic dermatitis. Journal of Allergy Clinical Immunol. 2014 ;134(5):993–9.
Araviiskaia E, Berardesca E, Bieber T, et al. The impact of airborne pollution on skin. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology Venereol. 2019;33(8):1496–505.
Koohgoli R, Hudson L, Naidoo K, et al. Bad air gets under your skin. Experimental Dermatology. 2017 ;26(5):384–7.
Referanslar
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. AR5 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2014 [Online]. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ [Accesssed:20th September 2023]
Pörtner HO, Farrell AP. Ecology. Physiology and climate change. Science. 2008; 322(5902):690–2.
Gostimirovic M, Novakovic R, Rajkovic J, et al. The influence of climate change on human cardiovascular function. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health. 2020;75(7):406–14.
Ray C, Ming X. Climate Change and Human Health: A Review of Allergies, Autoimmunity and the Microbiome. International J ournal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(13).
Ziska LH. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and plant biology: the overlooked paradigm. DNA Cell Biolgy. 2008;27(4):165–72.
D’Amato G, Annesi-Maesano I, Vaghi A, Cecchi L, D’Amato M. How Do Storms Affect Asthma? Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 2018;18(4):24.
D’Amato G, Vitale C, Lanza M, et al. Climate change, air pollution, and allergic respiratory diseases: an update. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2016;16(5):434–40.
Katelaris CH, Beggs PJ. Climate change: allergens and allergic diseases. Internal Medicine Journal. 2018;48(2):129–34.
American Academy of Allergy A& I. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Web Page [Online]. https://www.aaaai.org [Accesssed:20th September 2023]
Ziska LH, Makra L, Harry SK, et al. Temperature-related changes in airborne allergenic pollen abundance and seasonality across the northern hemisphere: a retrospective data analysis. Lancet Planet Health. 2019;3(3):e124–31.
D’Amato G, Cecchi L, D’Amato M, et al. Urban air pollution and climate change as environmental risk factors of respiratory allergy: an update. Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology. 2010;20(2):95–102.
Patella V, Florio G, Magliacane D, et al. Urban air pollution and climate change: “The Decalogue: Allergy Safe Tree” for allergic and respiratory diseases care. Clinical and Molecular Allergy. 2018;16:20.
D’Amato G, Cecchi L. Effects of climate change on environmental factors in respiratory allergic diseases. Clinical and Experimental Allergy Journal. 2008;38(8):1264–74.
Bielory L, Lyons K, Goldberg R. Climate change and allergic disease. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 2012;12(6):485–94.
D’Amato G, Vitale C, D’Amato M, et al. Thunderstorm-related asthma: what happens and why. Clinical & Experimental Immunology. 2016;46(3):390–6.
D’Amato G, Vitale C, Rosario N, et al. Climate change, allergy and asthma, and the role of tropical forests. World Allergy Organization Journal. 2017;10(1):11.
Vickery BP, Scurlock AM, Jones SM, et al. Mechanisms of immune tolerance relevant to food allergy. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2011;127(3):576.
Tan CCS, Chin LKK, Low ICC. Thermoregulation in the Aging Population and Practical Strategies to Overcome a Warmer Tomorrow. Proteomics. 2020;20(5–6):e1800468.
Zammit C, Torzhenskaya N, Ozarkar PD, Calleja Agius J. Neurological disorders vis-à-vis climate change. Early Human Development. 2021;155:105217.
Sharma HS, Hoopes PJ. Hyperthermia induced pathophysiology of the central nervous system. Int J Hyperth Off J Eur Soc Hyperthermic Oncol North Am Hyperth Gr. 2003;19(3):325–54.
Bongioanni P, Del Carratore R, Corbianco S, Diana A, Cavallini G, Masciandaro SM, et al. Climate change and neurodegenerative diseases. Environmental Research. 2021;201:111511.
Vabulas RM, Raychaudhuri S, Hayer-Hartl M, Hartl FU. Protein folding in the cytoplasm and the heat shock response. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 2010;2(12):a004390.
Coogan AN, Schutová B, Husung S, et al. The circadian system in Alzheimer’s disease: disturbances, mechanisms, and opportunities. Biological Psychiatry. 2013;74(5):333–9.
Ruszkiewicz JA, Tinkov AA, Skalny A V, Siokas V, Dardiotis E, Tsatsakis A, et al. Brain diseases in changing climate. Environmental Research. 2019;177:108637.
Sharma HS. Hyperthermia influences excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. An experimental study in the rat using behavioural, biochemical, pharmacological, and morphological approaches. Journal of Neural Transmission. 2006;113(4):497–519.
Adibhatla RM, Hatcher JF. Lipid oxidation and peroxidation in CNS health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010;12(1):125–69.
Akbarian A, Michiels J, Degroote J, Majdeddin M, Golian A, De Smet S. Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry; mitochondrial dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2016;7:37.
Wang Z, Cai F, Chen X, et al. The role of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species in hyperthermia-induced platelet apoptosis. PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e75044.
Dahl GE, Tao S, Laporta J. Heat Stress Impacts Immune Status in Cows Across the Life Cycle. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020;7:116.
Liu T, Zhang L, Joo D, Sun S-C. NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2017;2:17023-.
Lee W, Moon M, Kim HG, et al. Heat stress-induced memory impairment is associated with neuroinflammation in mice. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2015;12:102.
Christoforidou E, Joilin G, Hafezparast M. Potential of activated microglia as a source of dysregulated extracellular microRNAs contributing to neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2020;17(1):135.
Suzuki K, Tominaga T, Ruhee RT, et al. Characterization and Modulation of Systemic Inflammatory Response to Exhaustive Exercise in Relation to Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2020;9(5).
Guo Y, Gasparrini A, Li S, et al. Quantifying excess deaths related to heatwaves under climate change scenarios: A multicountry time series modelling study. PLoS Med. 2018;15(7):e1002629.
Hashim IA. Clinical biochemistry of hyperthermia. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 2010;47(Pt 6):516–23.
Chen B, Feder ME, Kang L. Evolution of heat-shock protein expression underlying adaptive responses to environmental stress. Molecular Ecology. 2018;27(15):3040–54.
Stephanou A, Latchman DS. Transcriptional regulation of the heat shock protein genes by STAT family transcription factors. Gene Expression. 1999;7(4–6):311–9.
Knowlton AA, Kapadia S, Torre-Amione G, et al. Differential expression of heat shock proteins in normal and failing human hearts. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology. 1998;30(4):811–8.
Kalmar B, Greensmith L. Induction of heat shock proteins for protection against oxidative stress. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2009;61(4):310–8.
Bouchama A, Knochel JP. Heat stroke. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2002;346(25):1978–88.
Hansen A, Bi P, Nitschke M, et al. Older persons and heat-susceptibility: the role of health promotion in a changing climate. The Australian Health Promotion Association. 2011;22 Spec No:S17-20.
Hopp S, Dominici F, Bobb JF. Medical diagnoses of heat wave-related hospital admissions in older adults. Preventive Medicine. 2018;110:81–5.
Vuksanović V, Gal V, Platisa MM, Gojković-Bukarica L. Spontaneous contractions of isolated rat portal vein under temperature perturbations. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing. 2010;48(9):887–94.
Sasai F, Roncal-Jimenez C, Rogers K, et al. Climate change and nephrology. Nephrol Dial Transplant Off Publ Eur Dial Transpl Assoc - Eur Ren Assoc. 2023 ;38(1):41–8.
Hart GR, Anderson RJ, Crumpler CP, Shulkin A, Reed G, Knochel JP. Epidemic classical heat stroke: clinical characteristics and course of 28 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 1982;61(3):189–97.
Leon LR, Bouchama A. Heat stroke. Comprehensive Physiology. 2015;5(2):611–47.
Ahdoot S, Pacheco SE. Global Climate Change and Children’s Health. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):e1468-84.
Schachtel A, Dyer JA, Boos MD. Climate change and pediatric skin health. International Journal of Women’s Dermatology. 2021;7(1):85–90.
Ahn K. The role of air pollutants in atopic dermatitis. Journal of Allergy Clinical Immunol. 2014 ;134(5):993–9.
Araviiskaia E, Berardesca E, Bieber T, et al. The impact of airborne pollution on skin. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology Venereol. 2019;33(8):1496–505.
Koohgoli R, Hudson L, Naidoo K, et al. Bad air gets under your skin. Experimental Dermatology. 2017 ;26(5):384–7.
