Oral Melanozis ve Melanom
Özet
Oral melanozis, ağız boşluğunda ortaya çıkan iyi huylu pigmentli bir lezyondur. Oral pigmentasyon asemptomatiktir ve genellikle etkilenen bölgenin dokusunda veya kalınlığında herhangi bir değişikliğe neden olmaz. Fizyolojik, patolojik, ekzojen veya endojen kaynaklı olabilir. Tanı klinik görünüm ve anamnez ile konulur. Pigmentasyon mukozadan kabarık, alışılmış bölgenin dışında ise veya artmış pigment yoğunluğu saptanırsa biyopsi gerekli olabilir. Boyutu ve rengi zamanla değişen, ülserleşme veya kanama bulgusu olan, ağrılı fokal lezyonlarda biyopsi eşiği düşük olmalıdır.
Oral melanosis is a benign pigmented lesion that occurs in the oral cavity. Oral pigmentation is asymptomatic and usually does not cause any changes in the texture or thickness of the affected area. It can be of physiological, pathological, exogenous or endogenous origin. The diagnosis is made by clinical appearance and anamnesis. A biopsy may be necessary if the pigmentation is puffy from the mucosa, outside the usual area, or if an increased pigment density is detected. The biopsy threshold should be low for painful focal lesions that change in size and color over time, have signs of ulceration or bleeding.
Referanslar
Kumari, N. Retna, S. Sreedharan, and D. Balachandran. "Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy: A case report." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 25.3 (2007): 148-151.
Müller, Susan. "Melanin‐associated pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa: presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment." Dermatologic therapy 23.3 (2010): 220-229.
Gökdemir, Gonca. "Oral Mukozanin Benign Pigmente Lezyonlari/Benign Pigmented Lesions Of Oral Mucosa." Türkderm: Türk Deri Hastalıkları ve Frengi Arşivi= Turkderm: Turkish Archives of Dermatology and Venereology 46.2 (2012): 66.
TAKEMATSU, Hideaki, et al. "Giant volar melanotic macule." Skin Cancer 4.1 (1989): 68-71.
Culpepper, Jetta Carol. "Merriam‐Webster Online: The Language Center." Electronic Resources Review 4.1/2 (2000): 9-11.
Shashikiran, N. D. "Probiotic caries intervention…!!." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 32.4 (2014): 271-272.
Disorders of Oral Pigmentation: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology. August 2018.
Lenane P, Powell FC: Oral pigmentation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000;14:448-65.
Yarom, Noam, Avraham Hirshberg, and Amos Buchner. "Solitary and multifocal oral melanoacanthoma." International journal of dermatology 46.12 (2007): 1232-1236.
Shen, Zheng-Yu, et al. "Oral melanotic macule and primary oral malignant melanoma: epidemiology, location involved, and clinical implications." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 112.1 (2011): e21-e25.
Feller, Liviu, et al. "Melanin: the biophysiology of oral melanocytes and physiological oral pigmentation." Head & face medicine 10 (2014): 1-7.
Tarakji, Bassel, et al. "Diagnosis of oral pigmentations and malignant transformations." Singapore dental journal 35 (2014): 39-46.
Gondak, Rogério O., et al. "Oral pigmented lesions: Clinicopathologic features and review of the literature." Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal 17.6 (2012): e919.
Eisen D: Disorders of pigmentation in the oral cavity. Clin Dermatol 2000;18:579-87.
Buchner, A., et al. "Melanocytic nevi of the oral mucosa--a clinicopathologic study of 60 new cases." Refu'at Ha-shinayim (Tel Aviv, Israel: 1983) 8.3 (1990): 3-8.
Meleti, Marco, et al. "Melanocytic nevi of the oral mucosa–No evidence of increased risk for oral malignant melanoma: An analysis of 119 cases." Oral oncology 43.10 (2007): 976-981.
Lakshminarayanan, Vidya, and Kannan Ranganathan. "Oral melanoacanthoma: a case report and review of the literature." Journal of Medical Case Reports 3 (2009): 1-4.
Geetha, T., G. Geetha Rani, and A. S. Krishnaram. "Bilateral oral melanoacanthoma in an Indian boy." Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 77 (2011): 210.
Tlholoe, M. M., et al. "Oral mucosal melanoma: some pathobiological considerations and an illustrative report of a case." Head and neck pathology 9 (2015): 127-134.
Postow, Michael A., Omid Hamid, and Richard D. Carvajal. "Mucosal melanoma: pathogenesis, clinical behavior, and management." Current oncology reports 14 (2012): 441-448.
Benoist, Linda BL, and Marjolein AJ van Looij. "Melanoma of the oral cavity." N Engl J Med 368 (2013).
Martinelli-Kläy, Carla Patrícia, et al. "Oral malignant melanoma initially misdiagnosed as a racial pigmentation: a case report." Dermatopathology 3.1 (2016): 1-7.
Feller, L., et al. "Primary oral melanoma associated with HIV infection: communication." South African Dental Journal 63.1 (2008): 16-17.
Venugopalan, Shruti, Rajesh Makadia, and Monil Parsana. "Oral Malignant Melanoma." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 74.Suppl 3 (2022): 6095-6099.
Prasad, Manju L., et al. "Expression of melanocytic differentiation markers in malignant melanomas of the oral and sinonasal mucosa." The American journal of surgical pathology 25.6 (2001): 782-787.
Ishikawa, Isao, Akira Aoki, and Aristeo Atsushi Takasaki. "Potential applications of Erbium: YAG laser in periodontics." Journal of periodontal research 39.4 (2004): 275-285.
Feller, Liviu, Razia AG Khammissa, and Johan Lemmer. "Oral mucosal melanosis." Melanin. IntechOpen, 2017.
Warin, Kritsasith, Poramaporn Klanrit, and Nutdanai Pattanajakr. "A large oral melanoma: a case report of a rare but aggressive malignancy." European Journal of Dentistry 15.04 (2021): 812-816.
Rapini, Ronald P., et al. "Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. A review of 177 cases." Cancer 55.7 (1985): 1543-1551.
Meleti, Marco, et al. "Oral malignant melanoma: a review of the literature." Oral oncology 43.2 (2007): 116-121.
Tanaka, Nobuyuki, et al. "Oral malignant melanoma in Japan." Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology 78.1 (1994): 81-90.
Umeda, Masahiro, et al. "Treatment and prognosis of malignant melanoma of the oral cavity: preoperative surgical procedure increases risk of distant metastasis." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 106.1 (2008): 51-57.
Austin, John R., et al. "Influence of biopsy on the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck." Head & Neck: Journal for the Sciences and Specialties of the Head and Neck 18.2 (1996): 107-117.
Kruse, Astrid LD, et al. "Mucosal malignant melanomas in head and neck surgery: a retrospective study of six patients and review of the literature." Oral and maxillofacial surgery 14 (2010): 143-147.
Buery, Rosario Rivera, et al. "Clinico-pathological evaluation of oral melanotic macule, oral pigmented nevus and oral mucosal melanoma." Journal of hard tissue biology 19.1 (2010): 57-64.
Batsakis JG. Tumors of the head and neck: clinical and pathological considerations. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1979. p. 431-47
Elder DB, Murphy GF. Melanocytic tumors of the skin: atlas of tumor pathology, fascicle 2. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1991. p. 111.
Referanslar
Kumari, N. Retna, S. Sreedharan, and D. Balachandran. "Melanotic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy: A case report." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 25.3 (2007): 148-151.
Müller, Susan. "Melanin‐associated pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa: presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment." Dermatologic therapy 23.3 (2010): 220-229.
Gökdemir, Gonca. "Oral Mukozanin Benign Pigmente Lezyonlari/Benign Pigmented Lesions Of Oral Mucosa." Türkderm: Türk Deri Hastalıkları ve Frengi Arşivi= Turkderm: Turkish Archives of Dermatology and Venereology 46.2 (2012): 66.
TAKEMATSU, Hideaki, et al. "Giant volar melanotic macule." Skin Cancer 4.1 (1989): 68-71.
Culpepper, Jetta Carol. "Merriam‐Webster Online: The Language Center." Electronic Resources Review 4.1/2 (2000): 9-11.
Shashikiran, N. D. "Probiotic caries intervention…!!." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 32.4 (2014): 271-272.
Disorders of Oral Pigmentation: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology. August 2018.
Lenane P, Powell FC: Oral pigmentation. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000;14:448-65.
Yarom, Noam, Avraham Hirshberg, and Amos Buchner. "Solitary and multifocal oral melanoacanthoma." International journal of dermatology 46.12 (2007): 1232-1236.
Shen, Zheng-Yu, et al. "Oral melanotic macule and primary oral malignant melanoma: epidemiology, location involved, and clinical implications." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 112.1 (2011): e21-e25.
Feller, Liviu, et al. "Melanin: the biophysiology of oral melanocytes and physiological oral pigmentation." Head & face medicine 10 (2014): 1-7.
Tarakji, Bassel, et al. "Diagnosis of oral pigmentations and malignant transformations." Singapore dental journal 35 (2014): 39-46.
Gondak, Rogério O., et al. "Oral pigmented lesions: Clinicopathologic features and review of the literature." Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal 17.6 (2012): e919.
Eisen D: Disorders of pigmentation in the oral cavity. Clin Dermatol 2000;18:579-87.
Buchner, A., et al. "Melanocytic nevi of the oral mucosa--a clinicopathologic study of 60 new cases." Refu'at Ha-shinayim (Tel Aviv, Israel: 1983) 8.3 (1990): 3-8.
Meleti, Marco, et al. "Melanocytic nevi of the oral mucosa–No evidence of increased risk for oral malignant melanoma: An analysis of 119 cases." Oral oncology 43.10 (2007): 976-981.
Lakshminarayanan, Vidya, and Kannan Ranganathan. "Oral melanoacanthoma: a case report and review of the literature." Journal of Medical Case Reports 3 (2009): 1-4.
Geetha, T., G. Geetha Rani, and A. S. Krishnaram. "Bilateral oral melanoacanthoma in an Indian boy." Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology 77 (2011): 210.
Tlholoe, M. M., et al. "Oral mucosal melanoma: some pathobiological considerations and an illustrative report of a case." Head and neck pathology 9 (2015): 127-134.
Postow, Michael A., Omid Hamid, and Richard D. Carvajal. "Mucosal melanoma: pathogenesis, clinical behavior, and management." Current oncology reports 14 (2012): 441-448.
Benoist, Linda BL, and Marjolein AJ van Looij. "Melanoma of the oral cavity." N Engl J Med 368 (2013).
Martinelli-Kläy, Carla Patrícia, et al. "Oral malignant melanoma initially misdiagnosed as a racial pigmentation: a case report." Dermatopathology 3.1 (2016): 1-7.
Feller, L., et al. "Primary oral melanoma associated with HIV infection: communication." South African Dental Journal 63.1 (2008): 16-17.
Venugopalan, Shruti, Rajesh Makadia, and Monil Parsana. "Oral Malignant Melanoma." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 74.Suppl 3 (2022): 6095-6099.
Prasad, Manju L., et al. "Expression of melanocytic differentiation markers in malignant melanomas of the oral and sinonasal mucosa." The American journal of surgical pathology 25.6 (2001): 782-787.
Ishikawa, Isao, Akira Aoki, and Aristeo Atsushi Takasaki. "Potential applications of Erbium: YAG laser in periodontics." Journal of periodontal research 39.4 (2004): 275-285.
Feller, Liviu, Razia AG Khammissa, and Johan Lemmer. "Oral mucosal melanosis." Melanin. IntechOpen, 2017.
Warin, Kritsasith, Poramaporn Klanrit, and Nutdanai Pattanajakr. "A large oral melanoma: a case report of a rare but aggressive malignancy." European Journal of Dentistry 15.04 (2021): 812-816.
Rapini, Ronald P., et al. "Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. A review of 177 cases." Cancer 55.7 (1985): 1543-1551.
Meleti, Marco, et al. "Oral malignant melanoma: a review of the literature." Oral oncology 43.2 (2007): 116-121.
Tanaka, Nobuyuki, et al. "Oral malignant melanoma in Japan." Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology 78.1 (1994): 81-90.
Umeda, Masahiro, et al. "Treatment and prognosis of malignant melanoma of the oral cavity: preoperative surgical procedure increases risk of distant metastasis." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 106.1 (2008): 51-57.
Austin, John R., et al. "Influence of biopsy on the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck." Head & Neck: Journal for the Sciences and Specialties of the Head and Neck 18.2 (1996): 107-117.
Kruse, Astrid LD, et al. "Mucosal malignant melanomas in head and neck surgery: a retrospective study of six patients and review of the literature." Oral and maxillofacial surgery 14 (2010): 143-147.
Buery, Rosario Rivera, et al. "Clinico-pathological evaluation of oral melanotic macule, oral pigmented nevus and oral mucosal melanoma." Journal of hard tissue biology 19.1 (2010): 57-64.
Batsakis JG. Tumors of the head and neck: clinical and pathological considerations. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1979. p. 431-47
Elder DB, Murphy GF. Melanocytic tumors of the skin: atlas of tumor pathology, fascicle 2. 3rd ed. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1991. p. 111.
