Oral Mukozanın Viral Enfeksiyonları
Özet
Viral enfeksiyonlar genellikle oral lezyonlar şeklinde klinik belirtilerle prezente olmaktadırlar. Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae ve Poxviridae ailelerinin üyeleri de dahil olmak üzere DNA virüslerinin oral lezyonlara neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Enterovirüsler ve paramiksovirüsler de dahil olmak üzere RNA virüsleri de oral boşluğu etkileyebilmektedir. Viral durumlarla ilişkili oral lezyonlar, klinik sunum ve olası nedensel mikroorganizmalar kapsamlı olduğundan tanısal bir zorluk oluşturabilmektedir. Lezyonların zamanında tanınması komplikasyon riskini azaltacağı gibi enfeksiyon kontrol önlemlerine dikkat edilmesini sağlayacaktır.
Viral infections usually present with clinical symptoms in the form of oral lesions. DNA viruses, including members of the Herpesviridae, Papillomaviridae, and Poxviridae families, are known to cause oral lesions. RNA viruses, including enteroviruses and paramyxoviruses, can also affect the oral cavity. Because of their wide range of potential causative microorganisms and clinical appearance, oral lesions linked to viral diseases can be difficult to diagnose. Timely recognition of lesions will reduce the risk of complications and ensure attention to infection control measures.
Referanslar
Santosh, A. B. R., & Reddy, B. V. R. Oral mucosal infections: insights into specimen collection and medication management. Dental Clinics, (2017), 61(2), 283-304.
Huang, N., Pérez, P., Kato, T., et al. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva. Nature medicine, 27(5), 892-903.
Santosh, A. B. R., & Muddana, K. Viral infections of oral cavity. Journal of family medicine and primary care, (2020), 9(1), 36-42.
Fatahzadeh, M. Oral manifestations of viral infections. Atlas of the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America, (2017), 25(2), 163-170.
Boitsaniuk, S. I., Levkiv, M. О., Fedoniuk, et al. Acute herpetic stomatitis: clinical manifestations, diagnostics and treatment strategies. Wiad Lek, (2022), 75(1 pt 2), 318-323.
Amir J. Clinical aspects and antiviral therapy in primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Paediatr Drugs. 2001;3(8):593-7. doi: 10.2165/00128072-200103080-00004. PMID: 11577924.
Cernik, C., Gallina, K., & Brodell, R. T. The treatment of herpes simplex infections: an evidence-based review. Archives of internal medicine, (2008), 168(11), 1137-1144.
Crimi, S., Fiorillo, L., Bianchi, A., et al. Herpes virus, oral clinical signs and QoL: systematic review of recent data. Viruses, (2019), 11(5), 463.
Balasubramaniam, R., Kuperstein, A. S., & Stoopler, E. T. Update on oral herpes virus infections. Dental Clinics, (2014), 58(2), 265-280.
Samies, N. L., & James, S. H. Prevention and treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. Antiviral research, (2020), 176, 104721
Martin‐Gandul, C., Stampf, S., Héquet, D., et al. Preventive strategies against cytomegalovirus and incidence of α‐herpesvirus infections in solid organ transplant recipients: a nationwide cohort study. American journal of transplantation, (2017), 17(7), 1813-1822.
De Clercq, E. Selective anti-herpesvirus agents. Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, (2013), 23(3), 93-101
Spruance, S. L., Nett, R., Marbury, T., et al. Acyclovir cream for treatment of herpes simplex labialis: results of two randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicenter clinical trials. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, (2002), 46(7), 2238-2243
Levin, M. J., Weinberg, A., & Schmid, D. S. Herpes simplex virus and varicella‐zoster virus. Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host, (2016), 135-156.
Sauerbrei, A., Sommer, M., Eichhorn, U., et al. Die Labordiagnose des Herpes zoster: Virologie oder Serologie?. Medizinische Klinik, (2002), 97, 123-127.
Nikkels, A. F., & Pièrard, G. E. Treatment of mucocutaneous presentations of herpes simplex virus infections. American journal of clinical dermatology, (2002), 3, 475-487.
Arduino P, Porter S. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 infection: overview on relevant clinicopathological features. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine (2008); 37(2):107-21.
Badur, S., Senol, E., Azap, A., et al. Herpes Zoster Burden of Disease and Clinical Management in Turkey: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Infectious Diseases and Therapy, (2023), 12(8), 1937-1954
Bandral, M. R., Chidambar, Y. S., Telkar, S., et al. Oral complications of herpes zoster infection-report of 3 cases. International Journal of Dental Clinics, (2010), 2(4), 70-74
Poussier, L., Mailles, A., Tattevin, P., et al. Characteristics, management and outcome of Herpes Simplex and Varicella-Zoster virus encephalitis: a multicentre prospective cohort study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection; (2024), 30(7),917-923.
Rostgaard, K., Balfour Jr, H. H., Jarrett, R., et al. Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection with and without infectious mononucleosis. PloS one, (2019), 14(12), e0226436.
Heawchaiyaphum, C., Iizasa, H., Ekalaksananan, T., et al. Epstein–Barr virus infection of oral squamous cells. Microorganisms, (2020), 8(3), 419.
Naughton, P., Healy, M., Enright, F., et al. Infectious Mononucleosis: diagnosis and clinical interpretation. British journal of biomedical science, (2021), 78(3), 107-116.
Kuri, A., Jacobs, B. M., Vickaryous, N., et al. Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infection and infectious mononucleosis in the United Kingdom. BMC public health, (2020), 20, 1-9
Alramadhan, S. A., Bhattacharyya, I., Cohen, D. M., et al. Oral hairy leukoplakia in immunocompetent patients revisited with literature review. Head and Neck Pathology, (2021)1-5.
Martins-de-Barros, A. V., Carvalho, M. D. V., & Araújo, F. A. D. C. AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma of the oral cavity. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, (2023), 56, e0133-2023.
Amato, M., Santonocito, S., Bruno, M. T., et al. Oral and periodontal manifestation related during human papilloma virus infections: Update on early prognostic factors. Heliyon, (2024).
Cui J, Nei T, Ren M, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of fatal cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children under 5 years old in China, 2008–2018. Chinese Journal Epidemiology. (2020); 41(7):1041–1046.
Zhang, Y., Cui, J., Liu, F., et al. Effectiveness of Enterovirus 71 inactivated vaccines against hand, foot, and mouth disease: A test-negative case-control study. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, .(2024), 20(1), 2330163.
Jain P, Rathee M. Koplik Spots. 2023 May 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; (2024) Jan–. PMID: 31747200.
Referanslar
Santosh, A. B. R., & Reddy, B. V. R. Oral mucosal infections: insights into specimen collection and medication management. Dental Clinics, (2017), 61(2), 283-304.
Huang, N., Pérez, P., Kato, T., et al. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 infection of the oral cavity and saliva. Nature medicine, 27(5), 892-903.
Santosh, A. B. R., & Muddana, K. Viral infections of oral cavity. Journal of family medicine and primary care, (2020), 9(1), 36-42.
Fatahzadeh, M. Oral manifestations of viral infections. Atlas of the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America, (2017), 25(2), 163-170.
Boitsaniuk, S. I., Levkiv, M. О., Fedoniuk, et al. Acute herpetic stomatitis: clinical manifestations, diagnostics and treatment strategies. Wiad Lek, (2022), 75(1 pt 2), 318-323.
Amir J. Clinical aspects and antiviral therapy in primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Paediatr Drugs. 2001;3(8):593-7. doi: 10.2165/00128072-200103080-00004. PMID: 11577924.
Cernik, C., Gallina, K., & Brodell, R. T. The treatment of herpes simplex infections: an evidence-based review. Archives of internal medicine, (2008), 168(11), 1137-1144.
Crimi, S., Fiorillo, L., Bianchi, A., et al. Herpes virus, oral clinical signs and QoL: systematic review of recent data. Viruses, (2019), 11(5), 463.
Balasubramaniam, R., Kuperstein, A. S., & Stoopler, E. T. Update on oral herpes virus infections. Dental Clinics, (2014), 58(2), 265-280.
Samies, N. L., & James, S. H. Prevention and treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection. Antiviral research, (2020), 176, 104721
Martin‐Gandul, C., Stampf, S., Héquet, D., et al. Preventive strategies against cytomegalovirus and incidence of α‐herpesvirus infections in solid organ transplant recipients: a nationwide cohort study. American journal of transplantation, (2017), 17(7), 1813-1822.
De Clercq, E. Selective anti-herpesvirus agents. Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, (2013), 23(3), 93-101
Spruance, S. L., Nett, R., Marbury, T., et al. Acyclovir cream for treatment of herpes simplex labialis: results of two randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, multicenter clinical trials. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, (2002), 46(7), 2238-2243
Levin, M. J., Weinberg, A., & Schmid, D. S. Herpes simplex virus and varicella‐zoster virus. Diagnostic Microbiology of the Immunocompromised Host, (2016), 135-156.
Sauerbrei, A., Sommer, M., Eichhorn, U., et al. Die Labordiagnose des Herpes zoster: Virologie oder Serologie?. Medizinische Klinik, (2002), 97, 123-127.
Nikkels, A. F., & Pièrard, G. E. Treatment of mucocutaneous presentations of herpes simplex virus infections. American journal of clinical dermatology, (2002), 3, 475-487.
Arduino P, Porter S. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 infection: overview on relevant clinicopathological features. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine (2008); 37(2):107-21.
Badur, S., Senol, E., Azap, A., et al. Herpes Zoster Burden of Disease and Clinical Management in Turkey: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Infectious Diseases and Therapy, (2023), 12(8), 1937-1954
Bandral, M. R., Chidambar, Y. S., Telkar, S., et al. Oral complications of herpes zoster infection-report of 3 cases. International Journal of Dental Clinics, (2010), 2(4), 70-74
Poussier, L., Mailles, A., Tattevin, P., et al. Characteristics, management and outcome of Herpes Simplex and Varicella-Zoster virus encephalitis: a multicentre prospective cohort study. Clinical Microbiology and Infection; (2024), 30(7),917-923.
Rostgaard, K., Balfour Jr, H. H., Jarrett, R., et al. Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection with and without infectious mononucleosis. PloS one, (2019), 14(12), e0226436.
Heawchaiyaphum, C., Iizasa, H., Ekalaksananan, T., et al. Epstein–Barr virus infection of oral squamous cells. Microorganisms, (2020), 8(3), 419.
Naughton, P., Healy, M., Enright, F., et al. Infectious Mononucleosis: diagnosis and clinical interpretation. British journal of biomedical science, (2021), 78(3), 107-116.
Kuri, A., Jacobs, B. M., Vickaryous, N., et al. Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus infection and infectious mononucleosis in the United Kingdom. BMC public health, (2020), 20, 1-9
Alramadhan, S. A., Bhattacharyya, I., Cohen, D. M., et al. Oral hairy leukoplakia in immunocompetent patients revisited with literature review. Head and Neck Pathology, (2021)1-5.
Martins-de-Barros, A. V., Carvalho, M. D. V., & Araújo, F. A. D. C. AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma of the oral cavity. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, (2023), 56, e0133-2023.
Amato, M., Santonocito, S., Bruno, M. T., et al. Oral and periodontal manifestation related during human papilloma virus infections: Update on early prognostic factors. Heliyon, (2024).
Cui J, Nei T, Ren M, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of fatal cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children under 5 years old in China, 2008–2018. Chinese Journal Epidemiology. (2020); 41(7):1041–1046.
Zhang, Y., Cui, J., Liu, F., et al. Effectiveness of Enterovirus 71 inactivated vaccines against hand, foot, and mouth disease: A test-negative case-control study. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, .(2024), 20(1), 2330163.
Jain P, Rathee M. Koplik Spots. 2023 May 1. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; (2024) Jan–. PMID: 31747200.
