Onkolojik Cerrahide Bakım
Özet
Kanser, dünya genelinde yaygın görülen ve toplumu olumsuz etkileyen bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Kanser kontrolsüz ve düzensiz hücre büyümesiyle karakterize bir hastalık grubudur. Hastalar kanserin semptomlarına, tedavisine veya komplikasyonlarına bağlı fiziksel, psikolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik yönden sıkıntılar yaşayabilmektedir. Hemşireler kanserin önlenmesi, tedavisi, bakımı ve rehabilitasyonu gibi sağlık hizmetinin her aşamasında kilit rol oynamaktadır. Kanser tedavisinde asıl hedef, kanser hücrelerinin vücuttan tamamen uzaklaştırılarak yok edilmesine ve bu hücrelerin bir daha geri gelmemesini sağlamaya yöneliktir. Bu nedenle cerrahi, kanser hücrelerinin vücuttan çıkarılması amacıyla yaygın kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Ameliyat öncesi dönemde hasta ve ailesi yüksek düzeyde kaygı ve bilinmezlik korkusu yaşayabilmektedir. Hemşireler ameliyat öncesi eğitim ve danışmanlık rolü kapsamında hasta ve ailesine destek olmaktadır. Hastalık ve tedavi süreci hastaların kaygılarını daha fazla artırabileceğinden perioperatif sürecin her aşamasında hemşireler hasta ve ailesinin her türlü bilgi ve bakım gereksinimlerinin karşılanmasında destekleyici ve yardımcı rol üstlenmektedir.
Cancer is a public health problem that is widespread worldwide and harms society. Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled and irregular cell growth. Patients may experience physical, psychological, social, and economic distress due to the symptoms, treatment, or complications of cancer. Nurses play a key role at every stage of health care, including cancer prevention, treatment, care, and rehabilitation. The main goal of cancer treatment is to completely remove and destroy cancer cells from the body and to ensure that these cells never come back. Therefore, surgery is a widely used method to remove cancer cells from the body. In the preoperative period, patients and their families may experience high levels of anxiety and fear of the unknown. Nurses support patients and their families within the scope of their education and consultancy role in the preoperative period. Since the disease and treatment process may further increase patients’ anxiety, nurses play a supportive and helpful role in meeting all the information and care needs of the patients and their families at every stage of the perioperative process.
Referanslar
Doyle-Lindrud S. Cancer. In: Kwong H, Reinisch H (eds.) Lewis’s medical-surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2023. p.265-301.
Stern CL. Management of patients with oncologic disorders. In: Hinkle JL, Cheever KH (eds). Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical surgical nursing. 14th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2018. p.996-1130.
Stern C. Management of patients with oncologic disorders. In: Hinkle JL, Cheever KH, Overbaugh KJ (eds). Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical surgical nursing. 15th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2022. p.951-1114.
Mathan SV, Rajput M, Singh RP. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer. In: Jain B, Pandey S (eds.) Understanding cancer from basics to therapeutics. Elsevier; 2022. p.217-236.
Bray F, Laversanne M, Weiderpass E, et al. The ever-increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Cancer. 2021;127(16): 3029‐3030. doi:10.1002/cncr.33587
World Health Organization. Global health estimates 2020: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000- 2019. World Health Organization; 2020.
Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2024;74(3): 229-263. doi: 10.3322/caac.21834
National Cancer Institute (NIH). Surveillance, epidemiology, and results program. cancer stat facts: Common cancer sites. [Online] https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/common.html [Accessed: 2nd May 2024]
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Türkiye kanser istatistikleri (2018). [Online] https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/Dokumanlar/Istatistikler/Kanser_Rapor_2018.pdf [Erişim adresi: 1 May 2024]
Cortese M, Cancer. In: Harding MM, Kwong J, Roberts D, Hagler D, Reinisch C (eds.) Lewis’s medical surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2020.p.230-342.
Rosen RD, Sapra A. TNM Classification. [Updated 2023 Feb 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. [Online] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553187/ [Accessed: 3rd May 2024]
Chasman R, Cortese M. Cancer. In: Tyerman J, Cobbett SL. (eds.) Lewis’s medical-surgical nursing in Canada. Assessment and management of clinical problems. 5th ed. Canada: Elsevier; 2023. p.307-341.
Carbone A. Cancer classification at the crossroads. Cancers. 2020;12: 980. doi:10.3390/cancers12040980
National Cancer Institute (NIH). Cancer staging [Online] https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging [Accessed: 2nd May 2024]
Sawaki M, Shien T, Iwata H. TNM classification of malignant tumors (Breast Cancer Study Group). Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2019;49(3): 228–231. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyy182
Cardoso MM, Baixinho CL, Silva GTR, Ferreira Ó. Nursing interventions in the perioperative pathway of the patient with breast cancer: A scoping review. Healthcare. 2023;11: 1717. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11121717
Akyolcu N, Cerrahi tedavide hemşirenin rol ve sorumlulukları. İçinde: Can G (ed.) Onkoloji hemşireliği. 2. baskı. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2020. s.95-102.
Kweeder S. Preoperative nursing management. In: Hinkle JL, Cheever KH, Overbaugh KJ (eds). Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical surgical nursing. 15th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2022. p.1188-1240.
Balfour A. Understanding the benefits and implications of enhanced recovery after surgery. Nursing Standard. 2019;34(7): 45-50. doi: 10.7748/ns.2019.e11306
Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: 2018. World Journal of Surgery. 2019;43: 659–695. doi:10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y
Wahidi KR, Milanti A. Oncology nurses' role in the enhanced recovery after surgery programme. Asia Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2022;9(7): 100033. doi: 10.1016/j.apjon.2022.01.008
Ercolano E. Psychosocial concerns in the postoperative oncology patient. Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 2017;33(1): 74-79. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2016.11.007
Referanslar
Doyle-Lindrud S. Cancer. In: Kwong H, Reinisch H (eds.) Lewis’s medical-surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems. 12th ed. Elsevier; 2023. p.265-301.
Stern CL. Management of patients with oncologic disorders. In: Hinkle JL, Cheever KH (eds). Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical surgical nursing. 14th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2018. p.996-1130.
Stern C. Management of patients with oncologic disorders. In: Hinkle JL, Cheever KH, Overbaugh KJ (eds). Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical surgical nursing. 15th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2022. p.951-1114.
Mathan SV, Rajput M, Singh RP. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer. In: Jain B, Pandey S (eds.) Understanding cancer from basics to therapeutics. Elsevier; 2022. p.217-236.
Bray F, Laversanne M, Weiderpass E, et al. The ever-increasing importance of cancer as a leading cause of premature death worldwide. Cancer. 2021;127(16): 3029‐3030. doi:10.1002/cncr.33587
World Health Organization. Global health estimates 2020: Deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000- 2019. World Health Organization; 2020.
Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 2024;74(3): 229-263. doi: 10.3322/caac.21834
National Cancer Institute (NIH). Surveillance, epidemiology, and results program. cancer stat facts: Common cancer sites. [Online] https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/common.html [Accessed: 2nd May 2024]
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Türkiye kanser istatistikleri (2018). [Online] https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/kanser-db/Dokumanlar/Istatistikler/Kanser_Rapor_2018.pdf [Erişim adresi: 1 May 2024]
Cortese M, Cancer. In: Harding MM, Kwong J, Roberts D, Hagler D, Reinisch C (eds.) Lewis’s medical surgical nursing assessment and management of clinical problems. 11th ed. Elsevier; 2020.p.230-342.
Rosen RD, Sapra A. TNM Classification. [Updated 2023 Feb 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. [Online] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553187/ [Accessed: 3rd May 2024]
Chasman R, Cortese M. Cancer. In: Tyerman J, Cobbett SL. (eds.) Lewis’s medical-surgical nursing in Canada. Assessment and management of clinical problems. 5th ed. Canada: Elsevier; 2023. p.307-341.
Carbone A. Cancer classification at the crossroads. Cancers. 2020;12: 980. doi:10.3390/cancers12040980
National Cancer Institute (NIH). Cancer staging [Online] https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/staging [Accessed: 2nd May 2024]
Sawaki M, Shien T, Iwata H. TNM classification of malignant tumors (Breast Cancer Study Group). Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2019;49(3): 228–231. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyy182
Cardoso MM, Baixinho CL, Silva GTR, Ferreira Ó. Nursing interventions in the perioperative pathway of the patient with breast cancer: A scoping review. Healthcare. 2023;11: 1717. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11121717
Akyolcu N, Cerrahi tedavide hemşirenin rol ve sorumlulukları. İçinde: Can G (ed.) Onkoloji hemşireliği. 2. baskı. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2020. s.95-102.
Kweeder S. Preoperative nursing management. In: Hinkle JL, Cheever KH, Overbaugh KJ (eds). Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical surgical nursing. 15th ed. Wolters Kluwer; 2022. p.1188-1240.
Balfour A. Understanding the benefits and implications of enhanced recovery after surgery. Nursing Standard. 2019;34(7): 45-50. doi: 10.7748/ns.2019.e11306
Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: 2018. World Journal of Surgery. 2019;43: 659–695. doi:10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y
Wahidi KR, Milanti A. Oncology nurses' role in the enhanced recovery after surgery programme. Asia Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2022;9(7): 100033. doi: 10.1016/j.apjon.2022.01.008
Ercolano E. Psychosocial concerns in the postoperative oncology patient. Seminars in Oncology Nursing. 2017;33(1): 74-79. doi: 10.1016/j.soncn.2016.11.007
