Ebeveynler ve Cerrahi Girişim Süreci
Özet
Çocukların herhangi bir cerrahi girişimi deneyimleyecek olması ebeveynlerde kaygı, stres ve korkuya neden olur ve aile dinamiklerini olumsuz etkiler. Ebeveynlerin yaşadığı bu duygular, çocuğun durumu, önceki deneyimler, ekonomik sorunlar gibi birçok faktörden etkilenir. Hemşireler, aile merkezli bakım felsefesi doğrultusunda ebeveynlere destek olmalı, onları bilgilendirmeli ve olumsuz duygularla başa çıkmaları için rehberlik etmelidir. Cerrahi girişim öncesinde ebeveynlere ameliyatın detayları hakkında bilgi verilmesi, anestezi indüksiyonu sırasında ebeveynlerin çocuklarının yanında bulunması ve bekleme süresince düzenli bilgilendirme yapılması önemlidir. Cerrahi sonrası dönemde ise ebeveynlerin çocuklarının durumu hakkında bilgilendirilmesi, ağrı yönetimi konusunda eğitim verilmesi ve taburculuk sürecine hazırlanmaları sağlanmalıdır. Bu süreçte hemşirelerin etkili iletişim kurarak ve uygun ortamlar sağlayarak ebeveynlerin kaygılarını azaltması gerekmektedir.
Experiencing any surgical procedure for children causes anxiety, stress, and fear in parents, and negatively affects family dynamics. These feelings are influenced by factors such as the child's condition, previous experiences, and economic problems. Nurses should support parents through family-centered care, providing information and guidance to help them cope with negative emotions. Before surgery, it's crucial to inform parents about the surgery details, allow them to be with their child during anesthesia induction, and provide regular updates during the waiting period. Post-surgery, parents should be informed about their child's condition, educated on pain management, and prepared for discharge. Throughout this process, nurses must communicate effectively and create supportive environments to alleviate parents' anxiety.
Referanslar
Ayanoğlu M. Ebeveynlerin tanı, tedavi ve ameliyat sürecine hazırlanması. In: Emre O, Ulutaş A (eds.) Çocuk ve Hastane. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 2022. p. 191–204.
Carman S, Kyle T. Essentials of Pediatric Nursing.. 2nd Ed. China: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
Chorney JM, Kain ZN. Family-centered pediatric perioperative care. Anesthesiology. 2010;112(3): 751–755. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181cb5ade
Cimete G, Kuğuoğlu S, Çınar ND. Çocuk, hastalık ve hastane ortamı. In: Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, Bolışık B (eds.) Pediatri Hemşireliği. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi; 2013. p. 101–160.
Browne N, Flanigan L, McComiskey C, et al., editors. Pediatrik Cerrahi Hastasının Hemşirelik Bakımı.. 3. Baskıdan Çeviri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 2015. 3–16 p.
Karaca Çiftçi E, Aydın D, Karataş H. Determining the reasons of anxiety and anxiety states of the parents with children undergoing a surgical intervention. The Journal of Pediatric Research. 2016;3(1): 23–29. doi:10.4274/jpr.63644
Menekşe D, Cengiz Açıl H. Perioperatif dönemde çocuğun bakımı ve aileye yaklaşım. In: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds.) Çocuk Cerrahisi Hemşireliği. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2023. p. 85–123.
Demir K, Kılıçarslan Törüner E. Çocuklara yönelik günübirlik cerrahide hazırlık programlarının kullanımı ve hemşirelik süreci. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi; 2020;3(1): 11–18.
Çavuşoğlu H. Çocuk Sağlığı Hemşireliği. 13. Baskı. Ankara: Sistem Ofset Basımevi; 2019.
Calabro KA, Raval MV, Rothstein DH. Importance of patient and family satisfaction in perioperative care. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. 2018;27(2): 114–120. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2018.02.009
Charana A, Tripsianis G, Matziou V, et al. Preoperative anxiety in Greek children and their parents when presenting for routine surgery. Anesthesiology Research and Practice. 2018; 5135203. doi:10.1155/2018/5135203
Ünver S, Yıldırım M. Cerrahi girişim sürecinde çocuk hastaya yaklaşım. Güncel Pediatri. 2013;11(3): 128–133. doi:10.4274/Jcp.11.35229
Göğebakan Ş. Çocukların tanı, tedavi ve ameliyat sürecine hazırlanması. In: Emre O, Ulutaş A (eds.) Çocuk ve Hastane. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 2022. p. 179–190.
Vakili R, Ajilian Abbasi M, Ghazizadeh Hashemi SA, et al. Preparation a child for surgery and hospitalization. International Journal of Pediatrics. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; 2015;3(3.1): 593–599. doi:10.22038/ijp.2015.4277
Akcan G, Güney R. Çocuk ve aile ile terapötik iletişim. In: Güney R, Sezgin E (eds.) Çocuk Dostu Hastane. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 2022. p. 331–347.
Erkut Z, Aytekin Özdemi̇r A. Ameliyat öncesi dönemde çocuklar ve aileleri ile terapötik iletişim. In: Çavuşoğlu H (ed.) Çocuk ve Ailesi ile Terapötik İletişim. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2023. p. 34–42.
Ay A, Çınar S, Boztepe H. Çocuklarda aydınlatılmış onam. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;6(2): 120–125.
23420 Sayılı Resmi Gazete. Hasta Hakları Yönetmeliği. 1998. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=4847&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
Santapuram P, Stone AL, Walden RL, et al. Interventions for parental anxiety in preparation for pediatric surgery: A narrative review. Children. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; 2021;8(11): 1069. doi:10.3390/children8111069
Wei H, Roscigno CI, Swanson KM. Healthcare providers’ caring: Nothing is too small for parents and children hospitalized for heart surgery. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Cardiopulmonary and Acute Care. Elsevier; 2017;46(3): 166–171. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2017.01.007
Kwan MK, Chiu CK, Gan CC, et al. Can intraoperative text messages reduce parental anxiety of children undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Spine. 2016;41(4): E225. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001199
Trimm DR, Sanford JT. The process of family waiting during surgery. Journal of Family Nursing. 2010;16(4): 435–461. doi:10.1177/1074840710385691
Kosta L, Harms L, Franich-Ray C, et al. Parental experiences of their infant’s hospitalization for cardiac surgery. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2015;41(6): 1057–1065. doi:10.1111/cch.12230
Hui WJ, Pikkarainen M, Nah SA, et al. Parental experiences while waiting for children undergoing surgery in Singapore. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2020;52: e42–e50. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2020.01.004
Gürol A, Binici Y. Determination of the factors of affecting and anxiety levels of mothers whose children were going to have a pediatric daily surgery. Journal of Dr Behcet Uz Children s Hospital. 2017;7(1): 29–38. doi:10.5222/buchd.2017.029
Işık Andsoy I, Omran Mohamed Alsawi S. Cerrahi girişim geçirecek çocukların babalarının ameliyat hakkında bilgi ve anksiyete düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Contemporary Medicine. 2018;8(3): 264–270. doi:10.16899/gopctd.404261
Kynoch K, Crowe L, McArdle A, et al. Structured communication intervention to reduce anxiety of family members waiting for relatives undergoing surgical procedures. ACORN: The Journal of Perioperative Nursing in Australia. Australian College of Perioperative Nurses; 2017;30(1): 29–35. doi:10.3316/informit.628581729620974
Fuentes-Ramirez A, Laverde-Contreras OL. Nursing intervention to meet the family members’ needs during the surgery waiting time. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo; 2021;29: e3483. doi:10.1590/1518-8345.5028.3483
Poudel RR, Singh VA, Yasin NF. The effect of intra-operative text messages in reducing anxiety levels among family members of patients undergoing major musculoskeletal tumour surgery. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 2020;54(2): 208–214. doi:10.1007/s43465-019-00002-8
Sjöberg C, Svedberg P, Nygren JM, et al. Participation in paediatric perioperative care: ‘What it means for parents’. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2017;26(23–24): 4246–4254. doi:10.1111/jocn.13747
Agbayani C-JG, Fortier MA, Kain ZN. Non-pharmacological methods of reducing perioperative anxiety in children. BJA Education. 2020;20(12): 424–430. doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2020.08.003
Mayo DG, Carretero PS, Martin LG, et al. Parental presence during induction of anesthesia improves compliance of the child and reduces emergence delirium. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery. Georg Thieme Verlag KG; 2022;32(4): 346–351. doi:10.1055/s-0041-1732321
Erhaze EK, Dowling M, Devane D. Parental presence at anaesthesia induction: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 2016;22(4): 397–407. doi:10.1111/ijn.12449
Shih MC, Elvis PR, Nguyen SA, et al. Parental presence at induction of anesthesia to reduce anxiety: A systematic research and meta-analysis. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. 2023;38(1): 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2022.03.008
Blake S. Supporting paediatric patients: Parental presence in the anaesthetic journey. Journal of Perioperative Nursing. Australian College of Perioperative Nurses; 2019;32(4): 27–32.
Inal N, Andsoy II. The needs and expectations in the waiting room for the relatives of patients who undergo surgery. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2019;12(1): 384–394.
Pustinger L, Burchill CN, Stetz K, et al. Exploring the lived experience of families waiting for surgical patients: A qualitative study. AORN Journal. 2022;116(1): 34–44. doi:10.1002/aorn.13711
Sadeghi T, Nayeri ND, Abbaszadeh A. The waiting process: A grounded theory study of families’ experiences of waiting for patients during surgery. Journal of Research in Nursing. SAGE Publications Ltd; 2015;20(5): 372–382. doi:10.1177/1744987115587776
Robinson EM, Baker R, Hossain MM. Randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of coloring on decreasing anxiety among parents in a pediatric surgical waiting area. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2018;41: 80–83. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2018.02.001
Amatuzzi E, Souza MA, Melo L de L. Experiences of families of children in intraoperative period: Art as a care option. Revista Enfermagem UERJ. 2019;27: e36678. doi:10.12957/reuerj.2019.36678
Mojdeh S, Zamani M, Kooshki AM, et al. Effect of watching a movie on family members’ anxiety level during their relatives’ surgery. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2013;18(4): 329–332.
Harvey KA, Kovalesky A, Woods RK, et al. Experiences of mothers of infants with congenital heart disease before, during, and after complex cardiac surgery. Heart & Lung. 2013;42(6): 399–406. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2013.08.009
David Vainberg L, Vardi A, Jacoby R. The experiences of parents of children undergoing surgery for congenital heart defects: A holistic model of care. Frontiers in Psychology. Frontiers; 2019;10. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02666
Dolgun E, Giersbergen MYV, Altınbaş Y, et al. Çocuk hastaların ameliyat sonrası ilk ayağa kaldırılma süreleri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2017;10(2): 79–82.
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Referanslar
Ayanoğlu M. Ebeveynlerin tanı, tedavi ve ameliyat sürecine hazırlanması. In: Emre O, Ulutaş A (eds.) Çocuk ve Hastane. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 2022. p. 191–204.
Carman S, Kyle T. Essentials of Pediatric Nursing.. 2nd Ed. China: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
Chorney JM, Kain ZN. Family-centered pediatric perioperative care. Anesthesiology. 2010;112(3): 751–755. doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181cb5ade
Cimete G, Kuğuoğlu S, Çınar ND. Çocuk, hastalık ve hastane ortamı. In: Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, Bolışık B (eds.) Pediatri Hemşireliği. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Akademisyen Tıp Kitabevi; 2013. p. 101–160.
Browne N, Flanigan L, McComiskey C, et al., editors. Pediatrik Cerrahi Hastasının Hemşirelik Bakımı.. 3. Baskıdan Çeviri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 2015. 3–16 p.
Karaca Çiftçi E, Aydın D, Karataş H. Determining the reasons of anxiety and anxiety states of the parents with children undergoing a surgical intervention. The Journal of Pediatric Research. 2016;3(1): 23–29. doi:10.4274/jpr.63644
Menekşe D, Cengiz Açıl H. Perioperatif dönemde çocuğun bakımı ve aileye yaklaşım. In: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds.) Çocuk Cerrahisi Hemşireliği. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2023. p. 85–123.
Demir K, Kılıçarslan Törüner E. Çocuklara yönelik günübirlik cerrahide hazırlık programlarının kullanımı ve hemşirelik süreci. Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi. Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi; 2020;3(1): 11–18.
Çavuşoğlu H. Çocuk Sağlığı Hemşireliği. 13. Baskı. Ankara: Sistem Ofset Basımevi; 2019.
Calabro KA, Raval MV, Rothstein DH. Importance of patient and family satisfaction in perioperative care. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. 2018;27(2): 114–120. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2018.02.009
Charana A, Tripsianis G, Matziou V, et al. Preoperative anxiety in Greek children and their parents when presenting for routine surgery. Anesthesiology Research and Practice. 2018; 5135203. doi:10.1155/2018/5135203
Ünver S, Yıldırım M. Cerrahi girişim sürecinde çocuk hastaya yaklaşım. Güncel Pediatri. 2013;11(3): 128–133. doi:10.4274/Jcp.11.35229
Göğebakan Ş. Çocukların tanı, tedavi ve ameliyat sürecine hazırlanması. In: Emre O, Ulutaş A (eds.) Çocuk ve Hastane. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 2022. p. 179–190.
Vakili R, Ajilian Abbasi M, Ghazizadeh Hashemi SA, et al. Preparation a child for surgery and hospitalization. International Journal of Pediatrics. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; 2015;3(3.1): 593–599. doi:10.22038/ijp.2015.4277
Akcan G, Güney R. Çocuk ve aile ile terapötik iletişim. In: Güney R, Sezgin E (eds.) Çocuk Dostu Hastane. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 2022. p. 331–347.
Erkut Z, Aytekin Özdemi̇r A. Ameliyat öncesi dönemde çocuklar ve aileleri ile terapötik iletişim. In: Çavuşoğlu H (ed.) Çocuk ve Ailesi ile Terapötik İletişim. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2023. p. 34–42.
Ay A, Çınar S, Boztepe H. Çocuklarda aydınlatılmış onam. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;6(2): 120–125.
23420 Sayılı Resmi Gazete. Hasta Hakları Yönetmeliği. 1998. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=4847&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
Santapuram P, Stone AL, Walden RL, et al. Interventions for parental anxiety in preparation for pediatric surgery: A narrative review. Children. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; 2021;8(11): 1069. doi:10.3390/children8111069
Wei H, Roscigno CI, Swanson KM. Healthcare providers’ caring: Nothing is too small for parents and children hospitalized for heart surgery. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Cardiopulmonary and Acute Care. Elsevier; 2017;46(3): 166–171. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2017.01.007
Kwan MK, Chiu CK, Gan CC, et al. Can intraoperative text messages reduce parental anxiety of children undergoing posterior spinal fusion surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? Spine. 2016;41(4): E225. doi:10.1097/BRS.0000000000001199
Trimm DR, Sanford JT. The process of family waiting during surgery. Journal of Family Nursing. 2010;16(4): 435–461. doi:10.1177/1074840710385691
Kosta L, Harms L, Franich-Ray C, et al. Parental experiences of their infant’s hospitalization for cardiac surgery. Child: Care, Health and Development. 2015;41(6): 1057–1065. doi:10.1111/cch.12230
Hui WJ, Pikkarainen M, Nah SA, et al. Parental experiences while waiting for children undergoing surgery in Singapore. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2020;52: e42–e50. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2020.01.004
Gürol A, Binici Y. Determination of the factors of affecting and anxiety levels of mothers whose children were going to have a pediatric daily surgery. Journal of Dr Behcet Uz Children s Hospital. 2017;7(1): 29–38. doi:10.5222/buchd.2017.029
Işık Andsoy I, Omran Mohamed Alsawi S. Cerrahi girişim geçirecek çocukların babalarının ameliyat hakkında bilgi ve anksiyete düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Journal of Contemporary Medicine. 2018;8(3): 264–270. doi:10.16899/gopctd.404261
Kynoch K, Crowe L, McArdle A, et al. Structured communication intervention to reduce anxiety of family members waiting for relatives undergoing surgical procedures. ACORN: The Journal of Perioperative Nursing in Australia. Australian College of Perioperative Nurses; 2017;30(1): 29–35. doi:10.3316/informit.628581729620974
Fuentes-Ramirez A, Laverde-Contreras OL. Nursing intervention to meet the family members’ needs during the surgery waiting time. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo; 2021;29: e3483. doi:10.1590/1518-8345.5028.3483
Poudel RR, Singh VA, Yasin NF. The effect of intra-operative text messages in reducing anxiety levels among family members of patients undergoing major musculoskeletal tumour surgery. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 2020;54(2): 208–214. doi:10.1007/s43465-019-00002-8
Sjöberg C, Svedberg P, Nygren JM, et al. Participation in paediatric perioperative care: ‘What it means for parents’. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2017;26(23–24): 4246–4254. doi:10.1111/jocn.13747
Agbayani C-JG, Fortier MA, Kain ZN. Non-pharmacological methods of reducing perioperative anxiety in children. BJA Education. 2020;20(12): 424–430. doi:10.1016/j.bjae.2020.08.003
Mayo DG, Carretero PS, Martin LG, et al. Parental presence during induction of anesthesia improves compliance of the child and reduces emergence delirium. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery. Georg Thieme Verlag KG; 2022;32(4): 346–351. doi:10.1055/s-0041-1732321
Erhaze EK, Dowling M, Devane D. Parental presence at anaesthesia induction: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 2016;22(4): 397–407. doi:10.1111/ijn.12449
Shih MC, Elvis PR, Nguyen SA, et al. Parental presence at induction of anesthesia to reduce anxiety: A systematic research and meta-analysis. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing. 2023;38(1): 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.jopan.2022.03.008
Blake S. Supporting paediatric patients: Parental presence in the anaesthetic journey. Journal of Perioperative Nursing. Australian College of Perioperative Nurses; 2019;32(4): 27–32.
Inal N, Andsoy II. The needs and expectations in the waiting room for the relatives of patients who undergo surgery. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2019;12(1): 384–394.
Pustinger L, Burchill CN, Stetz K, et al. Exploring the lived experience of families waiting for surgical patients: A qualitative study. AORN Journal. 2022;116(1): 34–44. doi:10.1002/aorn.13711
Sadeghi T, Nayeri ND, Abbaszadeh A. The waiting process: A grounded theory study of families’ experiences of waiting for patients during surgery. Journal of Research in Nursing. SAGE Publications Ltd; 2015;20(5): 372–382. doi:10.1177/1744987115587776
Robinson EM, Baker R, Hossain MM. Randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of coloring on decreasing anxiety among parents in a pediatric surgical waiting area. Journal of Pediatric Nursing. 2018;41: 80–83. doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2018.02.001
Amatuzzi E, Souza MA, Melo L de L. Experiences of families of children in intraoperative period: Art as a care option. Revista Enfermagem UERJ. 2019;27: e36678. doi:10.12957/reuerj.2019.36678
Mojdeh S, Zamani M, Kooshki AM, et al. Effect of watching a movie on family members’ anxiety level during their relatives’ surgery. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2013;18(4): 329–332.
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