Çocuk ve Cerrahi Girişim Süreci
Özet
Çocuklar yaşları ve gelişimsel özellikleri gereği cerrahi süreçlere yetişkinlerden farklı tepkiler vermektedirler. Cerrahi müdahaleler ve hastaneye yatış, çocuklar için genellikle korku ve stres kaynağı olup, duygusal sıkıntılar ve davranışsal bozukluklarına yol açabilir. Cerrahi süreçler çocuklarda hem psikolojik hem de fizyolojik strese neden olurken, ameliyat sonrası dönemde çocuklarda çeşitli duygu durum ve işlev bozuklukları ortaya çıkabilir. Özellikle özel gereksinimli çocuklar, daha yüksek düzeyde anksiyete ve stres yaşadıkları için tedavi ve hemşirelik bakımlarını karşılamak daha zorlayıcı olabilir. Günübirlik cerrahi yöntemlerin artması, çocukların cerrahi süreçlere hazırlığı ve bakımını daha da önemli hale getirmiştir. Hazırlık materyalleri ve konfor odaklı bakım uygulamaları, çocukların uyum sağlamalarını destekler. Hemşirelerin, çocukların gelişim düzeylerine ve bireysel ihtiyaçlarına uygun bakım sunmaları, doğru bilgi vererek duygusal destek sağlamaları ve ebeveynleri bakıma dahil etmeleri sürecin sağlıklı yönetilmesinde oldukça önemlidir. Literatürde cerrahi süreçlerin çocuklar üzerindeki travmatik etkilerini en aza indirmek için ağrı kontrolünün öneminin büyük olduğu vurgulanmıştır. Farmakolojik yöntemlerin yanı sıra nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin de kullanılması, çocukların ağrı kontrolünde etkili bulunmuş ve cerrahi süreçteki streslerini azaltmada da önemli bir rol oynadığı görülmüştür. Planlanan bu hemşirelik yaklaşımları, çocukların cerrahi süreçlere uyumunu artırarak, perioperatif bakımın kalitesini yükseltmektedir.
Children react differently to surgical procedures than adults due to their age and developmental characteristics. Surgical interventions and hospitalization are often a source of fear and stress for children and may lead to emotional distress and behavioral disorders. While surgical processes cause both psychological and physiological stress in children, various moods and dysfunctions may occur in children in the postoperative period. Especially children with special needs experience higher levels of anxiety and stress, and it may be more challenging to meet their treatment and nursing care. The increase in daily surgery methods has made the preparation and care of children for surgical processes even more important. Preparation materials and comfort-oriented care practices support children's adaptation. Nurses must provide care appropriate to the developmental levels and individual needs of children, offer emotional support by providing accurate information, and involve parents in care to manage the process healthily. In the literature, it has been emphasized that pain control is of great importance to minimize the traumatic effects of surgical procedures on children. In addition to pharmacological methods, nonpharmacological methods are effective in pain control in children. It is essential in reducing stress in the surgical process. These planned nursing approaches increase the quality of perioperative care by improving children's compliance with surgical methods.
Referanslar
Bolışık B, Özalp Gerçeker G. Çocuk ve Ailenin Ameliyat Öncesi Hazırlığı. İçinde: Bolışık B, Yardımcı F, Akçay Didişen N (eds) Pediatrik Cerrahi Hastasının Hemşirelik Bakımı. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 2015, pp. 3–16.
Getahun AB, Endalew NS, Mersha AT, et al. Magnitude and factors associated with preoperative anxiety among pediatric patients: cross-sectional study. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2020; Volume 11: 485–494. doi: 10.2147/phmt.s288077
Bülbül F, Arıkan B. Çocuklarda ameliyat öncesi psikolojik hazırlık: Güncel yaklaşımlar. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2018; 7: 101–108.
Ünver S, Yildirim M. Cerrahi girişim sürecinde çocuk hastaya yaklaşım. Guncel Pediatri 2014; 11: 128–133. doi: 10.4274/Jcp.11.35229
Yun OB, Kim SJ, Jung D. Effects of a clown-nurse educational ıntervention on the reduction of postoperative anxiety and pain among preschool children and their accompanying parents in South Korea. J Pediatr Nurs 2015; 30: e89–e99. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2015.03.003
Williamson KA. Nurse-led preoperative education with home-based ınternet resources for pediatric patients and their parents. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 2024; 39: 6–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.05.001
Menekşe D, Cengiz Açıl H. Perioperatif Dönemde Çocuğun Bakımı ve Aileye Yaklaşım. İçinde: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds) Cerrahi Öncesi Çocuğun Genel Değerlendirilmesi: Pediatrist, Anestezist ve Hemşire Gözüyle. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023, p. 85.
Gabriel MG, Wakefield CE, Vetsch J, et al. The psychosocial experiences and needs of children undergoing surgery and their parents: a systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2018; 32: 133–149. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.08.003
Cimete G, Kuğuoğlu S, Dede Çınar N. Çocuk, Hastalık ve Hastane Ortamı. İçinde: Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, et al. (eds) Pediatri Hemşireliği. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2018, pp. 101–160.
O’Leary JD, Janus M, Duku E, et al. A population-based study evaluating the association between surgery in early life and child development at primary school entry. Anesthesiology 2016; 125: 272–279. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001200
Ari A Ben, Peri T, Margalit D, et al. Surgical procedures and pediatric medical traumatic stress (PMTS) syndrome: Assessment and future directions. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53: 1526–1531. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.10.043
Kazak AE, Kassam-Adams N, Schneider S, et al. An integrative model of pediatric medical traumatic stress. J Pediatr Psychol 2006; 31: 343–355. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsj054
Bartik K, Toruner EK. Effectiveness of a preoperative preparation program on children’s emotional states and parental anxiety. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 2018; 33: 972–980. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2017.09.008
Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Caldwell-Andrews AA, et al. Preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and behavioral recovery in young children undergoing surgery. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 651–658. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2920
AL-Sagarat AY, Al-Oran HM, Obeidat H, et al. Preparing the family and children for surgery. Crit Care Nurs Q 2017; 40: 99–107. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000146
Baykoç Dönmez N. Hastanede Çocuk ve Genç. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, 2018.
Perry C, Samuelsson C, Cyna AM. Preanesthetic nurse communication with children and parents - An observational study. Paediatr Anaesth 2015; 25: 1235–1240. doi: 10.1111/pan.12759
Yiğit R, Üğücü G. Çocukluk Dönemlerinde Büyüme ve Gelişme. Antalya: Çukurova Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, 2020.
Harris TB, Sibley A, Rodriguez C, et al. Teaching the psychosocial aspects of pediatric surgery. Semin Pediatr Surg 2013; 22: 161–166. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.05.005
Küçükoğlu S. Çocuk Cerrahisinde Ağrı Yönetimi. İçinde: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds) Çocuk Cerrahisi Hemşireliği. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023, pp. 269–298.
Büyükgönenç L, Kılıçarslan Törüner E. Çocukluk Yaşlarında Ağrı ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi. İçinde: Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, et al. (eds) Pediatri Hemşireliği. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2018, pp. 893–912.
Ortakaş NE, Şahin ÖÖ. The effect of foot reflexology applied to neonates before oro/nasopharyngeal suctioning on procedural pain and comfort in the neonatal intensive care unit. European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2022; 20: 167–175. doi: 10.15584/ejcem.2022.2.5
Arıkan D, Çelebioğlu A, Güdücü Tüfekçi F. Çocukluk Dönemlerinde Büyüme ve Gelişme. İçinde: Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, et al. (eds) Pediatri Hemşireliği. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2018, pp. 53–100.
Manyande A, Cyna AM, Yip P, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2015. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006447.pub3.
Sun Y, Qi S, Qi R, et al. The effect of parental presence to perioperative anxiety of Chinese children and their parents. Biomedical Research 2017; 28: 7519–7522.
Thomasgaard M, Lohne V, Taraldsen Valeberg B. ‘The Worst Is the Worry’: Importance of Preoperative Preparation of Preschool Children. AANA Journal 2021; 89(4): 342-351
Dwairej DA, Obeidat HM, Aloweidi AS. Video game distraction and anesthesia mask practice reduces children’s preoperative anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing; 25. doi: 10.1111/jspn.12272.
Wennström B, Törnhage C, Nasic S, et al. The perioperative dialogue reduces postoperative stress in children undergoing day surgery as confirmed by salivary cortisol. Pediatric Anesthesia 2011; 21: 1058–1065. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03656.x
Coşkuntürk AE, Gözen D. The Effect of Interactive Therapeutic Play Education Program on Anxiety Levels of Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery and Their Mothers. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 2018; 33: 781–789. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2017.07.009
Garcia De Avila MA, Prata RA, Jacob FLDS, et al. Educational intervention through a comic book for preoperative anxiety in children, adolescents, and their parents: A randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 67: e208–e214. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.07.010
Suzan ÖK, Şahin ÖÖ, Baran Ö. Effect of Puppet Show on Children’s anxiety and pain levels during the circumcision operation: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Urol 2020; 16: 490.e1-490.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.06.016
Ayan G, Şahin ÖÖ. Effect of therapeutic play based training program on pre- and post-operative anxiety and fear: A study on circumcision surgery in Turkish Muslim children. J Pediatr Urol 2023; 19: 431.e1-431.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.04.032
Tomaszek L, Cepuch G, Fenikowski D. Influence of preoperative information support on anxiety, pain and satisfaction with postoperative analgesia in children and adolescents after thoracic surgery: A randomized double blind study. Biomedical Papers 2019; 163: 172–178. doi: 10.5507/bp.2018.060
Yalnızoğlu Çaka S, Topal S. Özel Gereksinimi Olan Çocukların Perioperatif Bakımı. İçinde: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds) Çocuk Cerrahisi Hemşireliği. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023, pp. 988–1011.
Khanlou N, Khan A, Kurtz Landy C, et al. Nursing care for persons with developmental disabilities: Review of literature on barriers and facilitators faced by nurses to provide care. Nursing Open 2023; 10: 404–423. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1338
Elliott AB, Holley AL, Ross AC, et al. A prospective study comparing perioperative anxiety and posthospital behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder vs typically developing children undergoing outpatient surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2018; 28: 142–148. doi: 10.1111/pan.13298
Balakas K, Gallaher CS, Tilley C. Optimizing Perioperative Care for Children and Adolescents with Challenging Behaviors. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 2015; 40: 153–159. doi: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000124
Öztürk Ö, Işık Andsoy I. Özel gereksinimi olan bir hasta grubu: Down sendromlu çocuklar ve perioperatif hemşirelik yaklaşımları. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2015; 6: 79–85.
Antosh S, Drennan C, Stolfi A, et al. Use of an adaptive sensory environment in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the perioperative environment: a parallel, randomized controlled trial. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas; 33. Epub ahead of print 1 May 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100736.
Winterberg A V., Jones E, Ding L, et al. Adaptive Care for Perioperative Patients With Developmental Disabilities: An Exploration of Interventions and Family Experience. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2022; 36: 529–539. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2022.05.019
Menekşe D, Menekşe E, Şerefoğlu R, et al. Cerrahi Öncesi Çocuğun Genel Değerlendirilmesi: Pediatrist, Anestezist ve Hemşire Gözüyle. İçinde: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds) Çocuk Cerrahisi Hemşireliği. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023, pp. 36–85.
Akansel N. Pediatrik Hastalara Uygulanan Günübirlik Cerrahide Hemşirelik Bakımı. İçinde: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds) Çocuk Cerrahisi Hemşireliği. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023, pp. 124–139.
Beringer RM, Segar P, Pearson A, et al. Observational study of perioperative behavior changes in children having teeth extracted under general anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 2014; 24: 499–504. doi: 10.1111/pan.12362
Pazarcikci F, Efe E. Effects of comfort-oriented nursing care based on the comfort theory on perioperative anxiety and fear in children undergoing surgical circumcision: RCT. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 2023; 38: 236–245. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2022.04.016
Li C, Huang S, Su X, et al. Monitoring of home recovery using the 317-nursing mobile application following day-case surgery in children: Perspectives from both nurses and patients. Medicine (United States); 98. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016639.
Referanslar
Bolışık B, Özalp Gerçeker G. Çocuk ve Ailenin Ameliyat Öncesi Hazırlığı. İçinde: Bolışık B, Yardımcı F, Akçay Didişen N (eds) Pediatrik Cerrahi Hastasının Hemşirelik Bakımı. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, 2015, pp. 3–16.
Getahun AB, Endalew NS, Mersha AT, et al. Magnitude and factors associated with preoperative anxiety among pediatric patients: cross-sectional study. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2020; Volume 11: 485–494. doi: 10.2147/phmt.s288077
Bülbül F, Arıkan B. Çocuklarda ameliyat öncesi psikolojik hazırlık: Güncel yaklaşımlar. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2018; 7: 101–108.
Ünver S, Yildirim M. Cerrahi girişim sürecinde çocuk hastaya yaklaşım. Guncel Pediatri 2014; 11: 128–133. doi: 10.4274/Jcp.11.35229
Yun OB, Kim SJ, Jung D. Effects of a clown-nurse educational ıntervention on the reduction of postoperative anxiety and pain among preschool children and their accompanying parents in South Korea. J Pediatr Nurs 2015; 30: e89–e99. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2015.03.003
Williamson KA. Nurse-led preoperative education with home-based ınternet resources for pediatric patients and their parents. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 2024; 39: 6–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.05.001
Menekşe D, Cengiz Açıl H. Perioperatif Dönemde Çocuğun Bakımı ve Aileye Yaklaşım. İçinde: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds) Cerrahi Öncesi Çocuğun Genel Değerlendirilmesi: Pediatrist, Anestezist ve Hemşire Gözüyle. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023, p. 85.
Gabriel MG, Wakefield CE, Vetsch J, et al. The psychosocial experiences and needs of children undergoing surgery and their parents: a systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2018; 32: 133–149. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2017.08.003
Cimete G, Kuğuoğlu S, Dede Çınar N. Çocuk, Hastalık ve Hastane Ortamı. İçinde: Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, et al. (eds) Pediatri Hemşireliği. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2018, pp. 101–160.
O’Leary JD, Janus M, Duku E, et al. A population-based study evaluating the association between surgery in early life and child development at primary school entry. Anesthesiology 2016; 125: 272–279. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001200
Ari A Ben, Peri T, Margalit D, et al. Surgical procedures and pediatric medical traumatic stress (PMTS) syndrome: Assessment and future directions. J Pediatr Surg 2018; 53: 1526–1531. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.10.043
Kazak AE, Kassam-Adams N, Schneider S, et al. An integrative model of pediatric medical traumatic stress. J Pediatr Psychol 2006; 31: 343–355. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsj054
Bartik K, Toruner EK. Effectiveness of a preoperative preparation program on children’s emotional states and parental anxiety. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 2018; 33: 972–980. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2017.09.008
Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Caldwell-Andrews AA, et al. Preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and behavioral recovery in young children undergoing surgery. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 651–658. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2920
AL-Sagarat AY, Al-Oran HM, Obeidat H, et al. Preparing the family and children for surgery. Crit Care Nurs Q 2017; 40: 99–107. doi: 10.1097/CNQ.0000000000000146
Baykoç Dönmez N. Hastanede Çocuk ve Genç. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi, 2018.
Perry C, Samuelsson C, Cyna AM. Preanesthetic nurse communication with children and parents - An observational study. Paediatr Anaesth 2015; 25: 1235–1240. doi: 10.1111/pan.12759
Yiğit R, Üğücü G. Çocukluk Dönemlerinde Büyüme ve Gelişme. Antalya: Çukurova Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, 2020.
Harris TB, Sibley A, Rodriguez C, et al. Teaching the psychosocial aspects of pediatric surgery. Semin Pediatr Surg 2013; 22: 161–166. doi: 10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2013.05.005
Küçükoğlu S. Çocuk Cerrahisinde Ağrı Yönetimi. İçinde: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds) Çocuk Cerrahisi Hemşireliği. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023, pp. 269–298.
Büyükgönenç L, Kılıçarslan Törüner E. Çocukluk Yaşlarında Ağrı ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi. İçinde: Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, et al. (eds) Pediatri Hemşireliği. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2018, pp. 893–912.
Ortakaş NE, Şahin ÖÖ. The effect of foot reflexology applied to neonates before oro/nasopharyngeal suctioning on procedural pain and comfort in the neonatal intensive care unit. European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 2022; 20: 167–175. doi: 10.15584/ejcem.2022.2.5
Arıkan D, Çelebioğlu A, Güdücü Tüfekçi F. Çocukluk Dönemlerinde Büyüme ve Gelişme. İçinde: Conk Z, Başbakkal Z, Bal Yılmaz H, et al. (eds) Pediatri Hemşireliği. Ankara: Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2018, pp. 53–100.
Manyande A, Cyna AM, Yip P, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for assisting the induction of anaesthesia in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2015. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006447.pub3.
Sun Y, Qi S, Qi R, et al. The effect of parental presence to perioperative anxiety of Chinese children and their parents. Biomedical Research 2017; 28: 7519–7522.
Thomasgaard M, Lohne V, Taraldsen Valeberg B. ‘The Worst Is the Worry’: Importance of Preoperative Preparation of Preschool Children. AANA Journal 2021; 89(4): 342-351
Dwairej DA, Obeidat HM, Aloweidi AS. Video game distraction and anesthesia mask practice reduces children’s preoperative anxiety: A randomized clinical trial. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing; 25. doi: 10.1111/jspn.12272.
Wennström B, Törnhage C, Nasic S, et al. The perioperative dialogue reduces postoperative stress in children undergoing day surgery as confirmed by salivary cortisol. Pediatric Anesthesia 2011; 21: 1058–1065. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03656.x
Coşkuntürk AE, Gözen D. The Effect of Interactive Therapeutic Play Education Program on Anxiety Levels of Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery and Their Mothers. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 2018; 33: 781–789. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2017.07.009
Garcia De Avila MA, Prata RA, Jacob FLDS, et al. Educational intervention through a comic book for preoperative anxiety in children, adolescents, and their parents: A randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 67: e208–e214. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.07.010
Suzan ÖK, Şahin ÖÖ, Baran Ö. Effect of Puppet Show on Children’s anxiety and pain levels during the circumcision operation: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Urol 2020; 16: 490.e1-490.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.06.016
Ayan G, Şahin ÖÖ. Effect of therapeutic play based training program on pre- and post-operative anxiety and fear: A study on circumcision surgery in Turkish Muslim children. J Pediatr Urol 2023; 19: 431.e1-431.e9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2023.04.032
Tomaszek L, Cepuch G, Fenikowski D. Influence of preoperative information support on anxiety, pain and satisfaction with postoperative analgesia in children and adolescents after thoracic surgery: A randomized double blind study. Biomedical Papers 2019; 163: 172–178. doi: 10.5507/bp.2018.060
Yalnızoğlu Çaka S, Topal S. Özel Gereksinimi Olan Çocukların Perioperatif Bakımı. İçinde: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds) Çocuk Cerrahisi Hemşireliği. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023, pp. 988–1011.
Khanlou N, Khan A, Kurtz Landy C, et al. Nursing care for persons with developmental disabilities: Review of literature on barriers and facilitators faced by nurses to provide care. Nursing Open 2023; 10: 404–423. doi: 10.1002/nop2.1338
Elliott AB, Holley AL, Ross AC, et al. A prospective study comparing perioperative anxiety and posthospital behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder vs typically developing children undergoing outpatient surgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2018; 28: 142–148. doi: 10.1111/pan.13298
Balakas K, Gallaher CS, Tilley C. Optimizing Perioperative Care for Children and Adolescents with Challenging Behaviors. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing 2015; 40: 153–159. doi: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000124
Öztürk Ö, Işık Andsoy I. Özel gereksinimi olan bir hasta grubu: Down sendromlu çocuklar ve perioperatif hemşirelik yaklaşımları. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2015; 6: 79–85.
Antosh S, Drennan C, Stolfi A, et al. Use of an adaptive sensory environment in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the perioperative environment: a parallel, randomized controlled trial. The Lancet Regional Health - Americas; 33. Epub ahead of print 1 May 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2024.100736.
Winterberg A V., Jones E, Ding L, et al. Adaptive Care for Perioperative Patients With Developmental Disabilities: An Exploration of Interventions and Family Experience. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2022; 36: 529–539. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2022.05.019
Menekşe D, Menekşe E, Şerefoğlu R, et al. Cerrahi Öncesi Çocuğun Genel Değerlendirilmesi: Pediatrist, Anestezist ve Hemşire Gözüyle. İçinde: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds) Çocuk Cerrahisi Hemşireliği. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023, pp. 36–85.
Akansel N. Pediatrik Hastalara Uygulanan Günübirlik Cerrahide Hemşirelik Bakımı. İçinde: Çınar N, Aygin D (eds) Çocuk Cerrahisi Hemşireliği. Ankara: Ankara Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2023, pp. 124–139.
Beringer RM, Segar P, Pearson A, et al. Observational study of perioperative behavior changes in children having teeth extracted under general anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 2014; 24: 499–504. doi: 10.1111/pan.12362
Pazarcikci F, Efe E. Effects of comfort-oriented nursing care based on the comfort theory on perioperative anxiety and fear in children undergoing surgical circumcision: RCT. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing 2023; 38: 236–245. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2022.04.016
Li C, Huang S, Su X, et al. Monitoring of home recovery using the 317-nursing mobile application following day-case surgery in children: Perspectives from both nurses and patients. Medicine (United States); 98. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016639.
