Eras Protokolleri
Özet
Geleneksel uygulamaların cerrahi sürece ilişkin iyileşme üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin anlaşılması ERAS protokollerinin ortaya çıkmasına ve dolayısıyla geleneksel bakımlardan en iyi uygulamalara doğru bir kaymaya yol açmıştır. Kanıta dayalı bir yaklaşımla ameliyat sonrası olası sorunları azaltmayı hedefleyen ERAS protokolleri, cerrahi travmaya bağlı stres tepkisini azaltarak hastaların yaşamsal fonksiyonlarının ve günlük aktivitelerinin en kısa sürede normale dönmesini sağlayarak ameliyat sonrası iyileşmeyi desteklemektedir. Cerrahi süreçte multidisipliner ekip çalışmasını gerektiren ERAS protokollerinin başarısında hemşirelerin önemli rolleri vardır. ERAS protokollerinin başarılı bir şekilde kullanılması için cerrahi hemşirelerinin ekip genelinde tutarlılık ve uyum sağlamaya özen göstermesi, hastaların eğitiminde, ameliyat öncesi, ameliyat sırasında ve ameliyat sonrası bakımın sağlanmasında, ameliyat sonrası değerlendirmenin yapılmasında ve bakım kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde anahtar rol oynaması gerekmektedir.
Understanding the negative effects on recovery of traditional practices regarding the surgical process has led to the emergence of ERAS protocols and thus a shift from traditional care to best practices. Aiming to reduce possible postoperative problems with an evidence-based approach, ERAS protocols support postoperative recovery by reducing the stress response due to surgical trauma and ensuring that patients' vital functions and daily activities return to normal as soon as possible. Nurses have important roles in the success of ERAS protocols, which require multidisciplinary team work during the surgical process. For the successful use of ERAS protocols, surgical nurses must take care to ensure consistency and harmony across the team, play a key role in educating patients, providing preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative care, performing postoperative evaluation and improving the quality of care.
Referanslar
Rose J, Weiser TG, Hider P, Wilson L, Gruen RL, Bickler SW. Estimated need for surgery worldwide based on prevalence of diseases: A modelling strategy for the WHO Global Health Estimate. The Lancet Global Health. 2015;3(S2):S13–20. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70087-2
Eras Society. History 2024. (05.04.2024 tarihinde http://erassociety.org/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık İstati̇sti̇kleri̇ Yıllığı 2021. (06.05.2024 tarihinde https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,84930/saglik-istatistikleri-yilliklari.html adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Eti Aslan F. Cerrahi Hemşireliğinin Tarihçesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009;12(1):104-113.
Kılıç Ü, Ulubay S. Hemşirelikte Eğitimin, Sağlık Politikasının, Ölçme ve Değerlendirmenin Cerrahide Hasta Bakım Çıktıları Üzerine Etkisi. Doğu Karadeniz Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;2(3):118-126. doi:10.59312/ebshealth.1324467
Tunç Tuna P, Kurşun Ş. Kolorektal Cerrahisinde Hızlandırılmış Bakım Protokolleri ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2018;11(2):180-188.
Birlikbaş S, Bölükbaş N. Cerrahi sonrası hızlandırılmış iyileşme protokolleri. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2019;2(3):194-205.
Gündoğdu H. ERAS: Tarihçe ve Felsefesi. İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Tıp Dergisi. 2018;10:1-4. doi:10.5222/iksst.2018.04935
Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Dejong CHC, Fearon KCH, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for patients undergoing major elective open colorectal surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Nutrition. 2010;29(4):434-440. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.01.004
Kehlet H. Fast-track surgery - An update on physiological care principles to enhance recovery. Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery. 2011;396(5):585-590.
Bektaş N. Cerrahi Hemşirelerin, Perioperatif Dönemde Eras Protokolleri İle İlgili Girişimleri. Dinç A (ed.) Sağlık Bilimlerinde Multidisipliner Araştırmalar 3 içinde. İstanbul: Efe Akademi Yayınevi; 2020. p. 249-266.
Arslankılıç Ç, Göl E, Çınaroğlu NS. Cerrahide Hızlandırılmış İyi̇leşme Protokolü Si̇stemati̇k Derleme. Cerrahi Ameliyathane Sterilizasyon Enfeksiyon Kontrol Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2020;1(3):15-34.
Çilingir D, Candaş B. Cerrahi Sonrası Hızlandırılmış İyileşme Protokolü ve Hemşirenin Rolü. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;20(2):137-143.
Kowa CY, Jin Z, Gan TJ. Framework, component, and implementation of enhanced recovery pathways. ournal of Anesthesia. 2022;36(5):648-60. doi:10.1007/s00540-022-03088-x
ERAS Türkiye Derneği. ERAS protokollerinin temel ögeleri 2024. (22.05.2024 tarihinde https://eras.org.tr/page.php?id=10 adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Brindle M, Nelson G, Lobo DN, Ljungqvist O, Gustafsson UO. Recommendations from the ERAS® Society for standards for the development of enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines. BJS Open. 2020;4(1):157-163. doi:10.1002/bjs5.50238
Brady KM, Keller DS, Delaney CP. Successful Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery Pathway: The Nurse’s Role. AORN Journal. 2015;102(5):469-481. doi:10.1016/j.aorn.2015.08.015
Hübner M, Addor V, Slieker J, Griesser A, Lécureux E, Blanc C, et al. The impact of an enhanced recovery pathway on nursing workload : A retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Surgery. 2015;24:45-50. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.10.025
Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, Nygren J, Demartines N, Francis N, et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations: 2018. World Journal of Surgery. 2019;43(3):659-695. doi: 10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y
Greenshields N, Mythen M. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Current Anesthesiology Reports. 2020;10(1):49-55. doi: 10.1007/s40140-020-00372-y
Özbaş A, Satır G. Bariatrik Cerrahi ve Eras (Hızlandırılmış İyileşme Protokolleri). 4. Uluslararası 12. Ulusal Türk Cerrahi ve Ameliyathane Hemşireliği Kongresi. 13-16 Ocak 2022, Antalya, Türkiye (pp.15-28).
Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, Fearon KCH, Norderval S, Lobo DN, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. World Journal of Surgery. 2013;37(2):285-305. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.012
Pujos BLS, Herrera SIC, Jara DGS, Timbe AGP, Demera JPV, Contreras NMS, et al. Advancements in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols: A Systematic Review of Outcomes. International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health. 2024;10(5):20-34. doi. 10.55640/ijmsdh-10-05-02
Biricik E, Güneş Y. Nörocerrahi ve Eras (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery). Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2020;29(1):37-50. doi:10.17827/aktd.604717
Joliat GR, Kobayashi K, Hasegawa K, Thomson JE, Padbury R, Scott M, et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022. World Journal of Surgery. 2023;47(1):11-34. doi: 10.1007/s00268-022-06732-5
Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, Demartines N, Roulin D, Francis N, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. World Journal of Surgery. 2013;37(2):259-284. doi: 10.1007/s00268-012-1772-0
Weimann A, Braga M, Carli F, Higashiguchi T, Hübner M, Klek S, et al. ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clinical Nutrition. 2017;36(3):623-650. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.013
Apfelbaum JL. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(3):376-393. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001452
Joshi GP, Abdelmalak BB, Weigel WA, Harbell MW, Kuo CI, Soriano SG, et al. 2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting: Carbohydrate-containing Clear Liquids with or without Protein, Chewing Gum, and Pediatric Fasting Duration - A Modular Update of the 2017 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting. Anesthesiology. 2023;138(2):132-151. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004381
Temple-Oberle C, Shea-Budgell MA, Tan M, Semple JL, Schrag C, Barreto M, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in breast reconstruction: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2017;139(5):1056e-1071e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003242
Ljungqvist O. Preoperative Fasting and Carbohydrate Treatment. In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 41-49. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_4
Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, Cox BPBW, Fearon KCH, Feldman LS, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: Consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016;60(3):289-334. doi: 10.1111/aas.12651
Slieker JC, Hahnloser D. Bowel Preparation: Always, Sometimes, Never? In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 51-59. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_5
Mortensen K, Nilsson M, Slim K, Schäfer M, Mariette C, Braga M, et al. Consensus guidelines for enhanced recovery after gastrectomy: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. British Journal of Surgery. 2014;101(10):1209-1229. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9582
Awad S, Lobo DN. Fluid Management. In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 119-132. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_11
Fick DM, Semla TP, Steinman M, Beizer J, Brandt N, Dombrowski R, et al. American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria® for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. Journal of American Geriatrics Society. 2019;67(4):674-694. doi:10.1111/jgs.15767
Tuna A. Radikal Sistektomi Cerrahisi Sonrası İyileşmenin Hızlandırılması Protokolü ve Hemşirelik. In: Özbayır T, editor. Cerrahi Sonrası İyileşmenin Hızlandırılması Protokolü ve Hemşirelik. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 57-62.
Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced recovery after surgery a review. JAMA Surgery. 2017;152(3):292-298. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.4952
Scott MJ, Aggarwal G, Aitken RJ, Anderson ID, Balfour A, Foss NB, et al. Consensus Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations Part 2 - Emergency Laparotomy: Intra- and Postoperative Care. World Journal of Surgery. 2023;47(8):1850-1880. doi: 10.1007/s00268-023-07020-6
Gül A, Açıl HC, Aygin. Minimal İnvaziv Cerrahide Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi. 2022;3(1):79-104.
Riquelme F, Muñoz C, Ausania F, Hessheimer AJ, Torres F, Calatayud D, et al. Laparoscopic versus open hemihepatectomy: comprehensive comparison of complications and costs at 90 days using a propensity method. Updates in Surgery. 2020;72(4):1041-1051. doi:10.1007/s13304-020-00854-y
Rockall T, Scott M, Care P. Enhanced Recovery Programmes for Colorectal Surgery: The Guildford (UK) Experience. In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 281-292. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_23
Richardson WS. Management of Tubes, Drains, and Catheters. In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 179-187. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_15
Tan JHS, Bhatia K, Sharma V, Swamy M, van Dellen D, Dhanda R, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery recommendations for renal transplantation: guidelines. British Journal of Surgery. 2023;110(1):57-59. doi:10.1093/bjs/znac325
Miller TE. Prevention of Hypothermia. In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 69-77. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_7
Yasak K, Vural F. Bariatrik Cerrahi Sonrası Hızlandırılmış İyileştirme Protokolleri ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2023;16(4):562-578. doi: 10.46483/jnef.1375585
Kettaş Dölek E, Erden S. Cerrahi Süreçte Hasta Beslenmesinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;18(1):183-190.
Nelson G, Altman AD, Nick A, Meyer LA, Ramirez PT, Achtari C, et al. Guidelines for postoperative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations-Part II. Gynecologic Oncology. 2016;140(2):323-332. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.12.019
Thorell A, MacCormick AD, Awad S, Reynolds N, Roulin D, Demartines N, et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Bariatric Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations. World Journal of Surgery. 2016;40(9):2065-2083.
Referanslar
Rose J, Weiser TG, Hider P, Wilson L, Gruen RL, Bickler SW. Estimated need for surgery worldwide based on prevalence of diseases: A modelling strategy for the WHO Global Health Estimate. The Lancet Global Health. 2015;3(S2):S13–20. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70087-2
Eras Society. History 2024. (05.04.2024 tarihinde http://erassociety.org/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık İstati̇sti̇kleri̇ Yıllığı 2021. (06.05.2024 tarihinde https://www.saglik.gov.tr/TR,84930/saglik-istatistikleri-yilliklari.html adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Eti Aslan F. Cerrahi Hemşireliğinin Tarihçesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2009;12(1):104-113.
Kılıç Ü, Ulubay S. Hemşirelikte Eğitimin, Sağlık Politikasının, Ölçme ve Değerlendirmenin Cerrahide Hasta Bakım Çıktıları Üzerine Etkisi. Doğu Karadeniz Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;2(3):118-126. doi:10.59312/ebshealth.1324467
Tunç Tuna P, Kurşun Ş. Kolorektal Cerrahisinde Hızlandırılmış Bakım Protokolleri ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2018;11(2):180-188.
Birlikbaş S, Bölükbaş N. Cerrahi sonrası hızlandırılmış iyileşme protokolleri. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2019;2(3):194-205.
Gündoğdu H. ERAS: Tarihçe ve Felsefesi. İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Tıp Dergisi. 2018;10:1-4. doi:10.5222/iksst.2018.04935
Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Dejong CHC, Fearon KCH, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN. The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway for patients undergoing major elective open colorectal surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Nutrition. 2010;29(4):434-440. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.01.004
Kehlet H. Fast-track surgery - An update on physiological care principles to enhance recovery. Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery. 2011;396(5):585-590.
Bektaş N. Cerrahi Hemşirelerin, Perioperatif Dönemde Eras Protokolleri İle İlgili Girişimleri. Dinç A (ed.) Sağlık Bilimlerinde Multidisipliner Araştırmalar 3 içinde. İstanbul: Efe Akademi Yayınevi; 2020. p. 249-266.
Arslankılıç Ç, Göl E, Çınaroğlu NS. Cerrahide Hızlandırılmış İyi̇leşme Protokolü Si̇stemati̇k Derleme. Cerrahi Ameliyathane Sterilizasyon Enfeksiyon Kontrol Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2020;1(3):15-34.
Çilingir D, Candaş B. Cerrahi Sonrası Hızlandırılmış İyileşme Protokolü ve Hemşirenin Rolü. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;20(2):137-143.
Kowa CY, Jin Z, Gan TJ. Framework, component, and implementation of enhanced recovery pathways. ournal of Anesthesia. 2022;36(5):648-60. doi:10.1007/s00540-022-03088-x
ERAS Türkiye Derneği. ERAS protokollerinin temel ögeleri 2024. (22.05.2024 tarihinde https://eras.org.tr/page.php?id=10 adresinden ulaşılmıştır.)
Brindle M, Nelson G, Lobo DN, Ljungqvist O, Gustafsson UO. Recommendations from the ERAS® Society for standards for the development of enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines. BJS Open. 2020;4(1):157-163. doi:10.1002/bjs5.50238
Brady KM, Keller DS, Delaney CP. Successful Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery Pathway: The Nurse’s Role. AORN Journal. 2015;102(5):469-481. doi:10.1016/j.aorn.2015.08.015
Hübner M, Addor V, Slieker J, Griesser A, Lécureux E, Blanc C, et al. The impact of an enhanced recovery pathway on nursing workload : A retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Surgery. 2015;24:45-50. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.10.025
Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, Nygren J, Demartines N, Francis N, et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations: 2018. World Journal of Surgery. 2019;43(3):659-695. doi: 10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y
Greenshields N, Mythen M. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Current Anesthesiology Reports. 2020;10(1):49-55. doi: 10.1007/s40140-020-00372-y
Özbaş A, Satır G. Bariatrik Cerrahi ve Eras (Hızlandırılmış İyileşme Protokolleri). 4. Uluslararası 12. Ulusal Türk Cerrahi ve Ameliyathane Hemşireliği Kongresi. 13-16 Ocak 2022, Antalya, Türkiye (pp.15-28).
Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, Fearon KCH, Norderval S, Lobo DN, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. World Journal of Surgery. 2013;37(2):285-305. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.08.012
Pujos BLS, Herrera SIC, Jara DGS, Timbe AGP, Demera JPV, Contreras NMS, et al. Advancements in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols: A Systematic Review of Outcomes. International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health. 2024;10(5):20-34. doi. 10.55640/ijmsdh-10-05-02
Biricik E, Güneş Y. Nörocerrahi ve Eras (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery). Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi. 2020;29(1):37-50. doi:10.17827/aktd.604717
Joliat GR, Kobayashi K, Hasegawa K, Thomson JE, Padbury R, Scott M, et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Liver Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations 2022. World Journal of Surgery. 2023;47(1):11-34. doi: 10.1007/s00268-022-06732-5
Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, Demartines N, Roulin D, Francis N, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. World Journal of Surgery. 2013;37(2):259-284. doi: 10.1007/s00268-012-1772-0
Weimann A, Braga M, Carli F, Higashiguchi T, Hübner M, Klek S, et al. ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clinical Nutrition. 2017;36(3):623-650. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.013
Apfelbaum JL. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017;126(3):376-393. doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001452
Joshi GP, Abdelmalak BB, Weigel WA, Harbell MW, Kuo CI, Soriano SG, et al. 2023 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting: Carbohydrate-containing Clear Liquids with or without Protein, Chewing Gum, and Pediatric Fasting Duration - A Modular Update of the 2017 American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting. Anesthesiology. 2023;138(2):132-151. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004381
Temple-Oberle C, Shea-Budgell MA, Tan M, Semple JL, Schrag C, Barreto M, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in breast reconstruction: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2017;139(5):1056e-1071e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000003242
Ljungqvist O. Preoperative Fasting and Carbohydrate Treatment. In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 41-49. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_4
Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, Cox BPBW, Fearon KCH, Feldman LS, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: Consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016;60(3):289-334. doi: 10.1111/aas.12651
Slieker JC, Hahnloser D. Bowel Preparation: Always, Sometimes, Never? In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 51-59. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_5
Mortensen K, Nilsson M, Slim K, Schäfer M, Mariette C, Braga M, et al. Consensus guidelines for enhanced recovery after gastrectomy: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. British Journal of Surgery. 2014;101(10):1209-1229. doi: 10.1002/bjs.9582
Awad S, Lobo DN. Fluid Management. In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 119-132. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_11
Fick DM, Semla TP, Steinman M, Beizer J, Brandt N, Dombrowski R, et al. American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria® for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults. Journal of American Geriatrics Society. 2019;67(4):674-694. doi:10.1111/jgs.15767
Tuna A. Radikal Sistektomi Cerrahisi Sonrası İyileşmenin Hızlandırılması Protokolü ve Hemşirelik. In: Özbayır T, editor. Cerrahi Sonrası İyileşmenin Hızlandırılması Protokolü ve Hemşirelik. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 57-62.
Ljungqvist O, Scott M, Fearon KC. Enhanced recovery after surgery a review. JAMA Surgery. 2017;152(3):292-298. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2016.4952
Scott MJ, Aggarwal G, Aitken RJ, Anderson ID, Balfour A, Foss NB, et al. Consensus Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society Recommendations Part 2 - Emergency Laparotomy: Intra- and Postoperative Care. World Journal of Surgery. 2023;47(8):1850-1880. doi: 10.1007/s00268-023-07020-6
Gül A, Açıl HC, Aygin. Minimal İnvaziv Cerrahide Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi. 2022;3(1):79-104.
Riquelme F, Muñoz C, Ausania F, Hessheimer AJ, Torres F, Calatayud D, et al. Laparoscopic versus open hemihepatectomy: comprehensive comparison of complications and costs at 90 days using a propensity method. Updates in Surgery. 2020;72(4):1041-1051. doi:10.1007/s13304-020-00854-y
Rockall T, Scott M, Care P. Enhanced Recovery Programmes for Colorectal Surgery: The Guildford (UK) Experience. In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 281-292. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_23
Richardson WS. Management of Tubes, Drains, and Catheters. In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 179-187. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_15
Tan JHS, Bhatia K, Sharma V, Swamy M, van Dellen D, Dhanda R, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery recommendations for renal transplantation: guidelines. British Journal of Surgery. 2023;110(1):57-59. doi:10.1093/bjs/znac325
Miller TE. Prevention of Hypothermia. In: Feldman LS, Delaney CP, Ljungqvist O, Carli F, editors. The SAGES / ERAS® Society Manual of Enhanced Recovery Programs for Gastrointestinal Surgery. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 69-77. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-20364-5_7
Yasak K, Vural F. Bariatrik Cerrahi Sonrası Hızlandırılmış İyileştirme Protokolleri ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Etkili Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2023;16(4):562-578. doi: 10.46483/jnef.1375585
Kettaş Dölek E, Erden S. Cerrahi Süreçte Hasta Beslenmesinde Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2023;18(1):183-190.
Nelson G, Altman AD, Nick A, Meyer LA, Ramirez PT, Achtari C, et al. Guidelines for postoperative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations-Part II. Gynecologic Oncology. 2016;140(2):323-332. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.12.019
Thorell A, MacCormick AD, Awad S, Reynolds N, Roulin D, Demartines N, et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Bariatric Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations. World Journal of Surgery. 2016;40(9):2065-2083.
