Piyasa Başarısızlıkları ve Eksik Rekabet
Özet
Etkinlik ve eşitlik kavramları, iktisat biliminin çözümlemeye uğraştığı temel sorunların dinamiklerinde yer almaktadır. Kıt kaynakların dağıtım, üretim ve bölüşümünde geçerli olması gereken bu kavramlar, rekabetin tesis edildiği, ekonomik birimlerin çok sayıda ve atomize olduğu bir piyasada karşılığını bulmaktadır. Tam rekabet şeklinde ifade edilen bu piyasa, sosyal refahı en yüksek seviyeye ulaştıran ideal piyasadır ve piyasa varsayımlarından en az birinin eksik olması, eksik rekabet piyasasını netice vermektedir. Eksik rekabet, piyasa başarısızlığının bir çeşidi olup sosyal refah kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Etkinlik ve eşitliğin sürdürülemediği böyle bir durum, devlet müdahalesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu bölümde öncelikli olarak piyasa başarısızlığı kavramının gelişimi anlatılacak; sonrasında alıcı ve satıcılar açısından etkin bir piyasanın hangi şartları sağlaması gerektiğinden bahsedilecektir. Devamında, eksik rekabet piyasalarının etkinlik ve eşitlik ekseninde piyasa başarısızlığına nasıl sebep olduğu anlatıldıktan sonra, devletin eksik rekabeti engelleyici fakat rekabetçi teşvik edici müdahale yöntemlerine değinilecektir. Son olarak, tekelleşen bir firma ekseninde örnek bir dava süreci özetlenecektir.
Referanslar
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Investopia (2024, June 25), Market Failure: What It Is in Economics, Common Types, and Causes, https://www.investopedia .com/terms/m/marketfailure.asp
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Schwartz, A., & Wilde, L. L. (1982). Imperfect information, monopolistic competition, and public policy. The American Economic Review, 72(2), 18-23.
Snyder, C.M. (2008). Countervailing Power. In: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_519-2
Stiglitz, J. E. (1989). Markets, market failures, and development. The American economic review, 79(2), 197-203.
Tutor2u (2021, March). Price Discrimination, Welfare and Efficiency Exam Answer. Retrieved June 2024, from https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/exam-answer-price-discrimination-welfare-and-efficiency
Weimer, D.L., & Vining, A.R. (1992). Policy analysis: Concepts and practice (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zebre Jr, R. O., & McCurdy, H. E. (1999). The failure of market failure. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 18(4), 558-78.
Referanslar
Chisholm, R. K., & McCarty, M. H. (1978). Principles of economics. Scott, Foresman, and Company. United States of America.
Corporate Finance Institute (n.d.). Microsoft Antitrust Case. Retrieved June 2024, from https://corporatefinanceins titute.com/resources/management/micro soft-antitrust-case/
Farrell, J. (1987). Information and the Coase theorem. Journal of Economic Perspectives,1, 113–129.
Galbraith, J.K. 1952. American capitalism: the concept of countervailing power. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Hammer, P. J. (2000). Antitrust beyond competition: market failures, total welfare, and the challenge of intramarket second-best tradeoffs. Michigan Law Review, 98(4), 849-925.
Investopia (2024, June 25), Market Failure: What It Is in Economics, Common Types, and Causes, https://www.investopedia .com/terms/m/marketfailure.asp
Johnson, M. (2018). Public economics, market failure, and voluntary exchange. In Public Economics, Market Failure, and Voluntary Exchange: Johnson, Marianne. [Sl]: SSRN.
Libraries (n.d.). 6.3 Market failure. Principles of Economics. University of Minnesota via Pressbooks. Retrieved May 26, 2024, from https://open.lib.umn.edu/principleseconomics /chapter/6-3-market-failure/
LibreTexts (n.d.). 11.4: Impacts of monopoly on efficiency. Economics (Boundless). Retrieved June 2024, from https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Economics/Economics _(Boundless)/11%3A_Monopoly/11.4%3A_Impacts_of_Monopoly_on_Efficiency
Olsen, R.N. (n.d.), Market structure: oligopoly (imperfect competition). Missouri State University. Retrieved May 26, 2024, from https://courses.missouristate.edu/reedolsen /courses/eco165/ Notes/oligopoly.pdf
Pigou, A.G. (1932). The economics of welfare (4th ed.). London: Macmillan.
Rekabet Kurumu (n.d.). Dara kaybı. Rekabet Terimleri Sözlüğü. Retrieved June, 2024, from https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/tr/Sayfa/ Yayinlar/rekabet-terimleri-sozlugu/terimler-listesi?icerik=430a90ec -af4b-4f23-9940-200f7f65da20
Rekabet Kurumu (n.d.). İkinci en iyi. Rekabet Terimleri Sözlüğü. Retrieved June, 2024, from https://www.rekabet.gov.tr/tr/Sayfa /Yayinlar/rekabet-terimleri-sozlugu/terimler-listesi? icerik=3e002d 65-dc1c-4ea0-b341-2c84debddfd5
Salop, S. (1976). Information and monopolistic competition. The American Economic Review, 66(2), 240-245.
Samuelson, P.A. (1964). Economics: an introductory analysis (6th ed.). New York: Mc Graw Hill
Saylor Academy (n.d.). 17.11 Efficiency and Deadweight Loss. Microeconomics: Theory Through Applications. Retrieved from June 2024 from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text _microeconomics -theory-through-applications/s21-11-efficiency-and-deadweight-loss.html
Schwartz, A., & Wilde, L. L. (1982). Imperfect information, monopolistic competition, and public policy. The American Economic Review, 72(2), 18-23.
Snyder, C.M. (2008). Countervailing Power. In: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_519-2
Stiglitz, J. E. (1989). Markets, market failures, and development. The American economic review, 79(2), 197-203.
Tutor2u (2021, March). Price Discrimination, Welfare and Efficiency Exam Answer. Retrieved June 2024, from https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/reference/exam-answer-price-discrimination-welfare-and-efficiency
Weimer, D.L., & Vining, A.R. (1992). Policy analysis: Concepts and practice (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zebre Jr, R. O., & McCurdy, H. E. (1999). The failure of market failure. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 18(4), 558-78.
