Torakal Aort Anevrizmalarının Cerrahi Tedavisi

Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Circulation 2010; 121:e266.

Ergin MA, Spielvogel D, Apaydin A, et al. Surgical treatment of the dilated ascending aorta: when and how? Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:1834.

Coady MA, Rizzo JA, Hammond GL, et al. Surgical intervention criteria for thoracic aortic aneurysms: a study of growth rates and complications. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:1922.

Booher AM, Eagle KA. Diagnosis and management issues in thoracic aortic aneurysm. Am Heart J 2011; 162:38.

Coady MA, Rizzo JA, Hammond GL, et al. Penetrating ulcer of the thoracic aorta: what is it? How do we recognize it? How do we manage it? J Vasc Surg 1998; 27:1006.

Pepin M, Schwarze U, Superti-Furga A, Byers PH. Clinical and genetic features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, the vascular type. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:673.

Matura LA, Ho VB, Rosing DR, Bondy CA. Aortic dilatation and dissection in Turner syndrome. Circulation 2007; 116:1663.

Loeys BL, Schwarze U, Holm T, et al. Aneurysm syndromes caused by mutations in the TGF-beta receptor. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:788.

Zafar MA, Li Y, Rizzo JA, et al. Height alone, rather than body surface area, suffices for risk estimation in ascending aortic aneurysm. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:1938.

Ziganshin BA, Zafar MA, Elefteriades JA. Descending threshold for ascending aortic aneurysmectomy: Is it time for a "left-shift" in guidelines? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:37.

Appoo JJ, Tse LW, Pozeg ZI, et al. Thoracic aortic frontier: review of current applications and directions of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:52.

Fattori R, Cao P, De Rango P, et al. Interdisciplinary expert consensus document on management of type B aortic dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61:1661.

Cheung AT. An evolving role of anesthesiologists in the management of thoracic aortic diseases. Anesth Analg 2010; 111:259.

Moskowitz DM, Kahn RA, Konstadt SN, et al. Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography as an adjuvant to fluoroscopy during endovascular thoracic aortic repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1999; 17:22.

Jacobs MJ, Eijsman L, Meylaerts SA, et al. Reduced renal failure following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair by selective perfusion. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1998; 14:201.

Takayama H, Borger MA. Preventing spinal cord injury during thoracic aortic surgery: simpler than we thought? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 149:366

Di Luozzo G. Visceral and spinal cord protection during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: clinical and laboratory update. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145:S135.

Lima B, Nowicki ER, Blackstone EH, et al. Spinal cord protective strategies during descending and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the modern era: the role of intrathecal papaverine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143:945.

Cambria RP, Davison JK, Carter C, et al. Epidural cooling for spinal cord protection during thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: A five-year experience. J Vasc Surg 2000; 31:1093.

Kim WH, Park MH, Kim HJ, et al. Potentially modifiable risk factors for acute kidney injury after surgery on the thoracic aorta: a propensity score matched case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e273.

Cotton BA, Au BK, Nunez TC, et al. Predefined massive transfusion protocols are associated with a reduction in organ failure and postinjury complications. J Trauma 2009; 66:41.

Waldow T, Szlapka M, Haferkorn M, et al. Prospective clinical trial on dosage optimizing of tranexamic acid in non-emergency cardiac surgery procedures. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2013; 55:457.

Goksedef D, Panagopoulos G, Nassiri N, et al. Intraoperative use of recombinant activated factor VII during complex aortic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143:1198.

Yoo JS, Kim JB, Joo Y, et al. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest versus non-deep hypothermic beating heart strategy in descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46:678.

Kulik A, Castner CF, Kouchoukos NT. Outcomes after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair with hypothermic circulatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 141:953.

Yan TD, Bannon PG, Bavaria J, et al. Consensus on hypothermia in aortic arch surgery. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 2:163.

Livesay JJ, Cooley DA, Duncan JM, et al. Open aortic anastomosis: improved results in the treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch. Circulation 1982; 66:I122.

Coselli JS, Crawford ES, Beall AC Jr, et al. Determination of brain temperatures for safe circulatory arrest during cardiovascular operation. Ann Thorac Surg 1988; 45:638.

Ergin MA, Galla JD, Lansman sL, et al. Hypothermic circulatory arrest in operations on the thoracic aorta. Determinants of operative mortality and neurologic outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107:788.

Kapadia MR, Popowich DA, Kibbe MR. Modified prosthetic vascular conduits. Circulation 2008; 117:1873.

Smith TA, Gatens S, Andres M, et al. Hybrid repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms involving the visceral vessels: comparative analysis between number of vessels reconstructed, conduit, and gender. Ann Vasc Surg 2011; 25:64.

Chiesa R. New frontiers in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repair. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2015; 56:685.

Quinones-Baldrich W, Jimenez JC, DeRubertis B, Moore WS. Combined endovascular and surgical approach (CESA) to thoracoabdominal aortic pathology: A 10-year experience. J Vasc Surg 2009; 49:1125.

Gkremoutis A, Schmandra T, Meyn M, et al. Hybrid approach to emergent and urgent treatment of complex thoracoabdominal aortic pathology. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 48:407.

Richards JM, Nimmo AF, Moores CR, et al. Contemporary results for open repair of suprarenal and type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Br J Surg 2010; 97:45.

Zehr KJ, Orszulak TA, Mullany CJ, et al. Surgery for aneurysms of the aortic root: a 30-year experience. Circulation 2004; 110:1364.

Lewis CT, Cooley DA, Murphy MC, et al. Surgical repair of aortic root aneurysms in 280 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 53:38.

Arabkhani B, Mookhoek A, Di Centa I, et al. Reported Outcome After Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Replacement for Aortic Root Aneurysm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100:1126.

Veldtman GR, Connolly HM, Orszulak TA, et al. Fate of bicuspid aortic valves in patients undergoing aortic root repair or replacement for aortic root enlargement. Mayo Clin Proc 2006; 81:322.

Ishimitsu T, Tsukada K, Ohta S, et al. Increased cardiovascular risk in long-term hemodialysis patients carrying deletion allele of ACE gene polymorphism. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44:466.

Sarsam MA, Yacoub M. Remodeling of the aortic valve anulus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 105:435.

Youssefi P, Zacek P, Debauchez M, Lansac E. Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Replacement Using the Remodeling Technique With Aortic Annuloplasty: Tricuspid Valves With Repair of Specific Lesion Sets: How I Teach It. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 107:1592.

Bentall H, De Bono A. A technique for complete replacement of the ascending aorta. Thorax 1968; 23:338.

Crawford ES, Coselli JS. Replacement of the aortic arch. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 3:194.

Coselli JS, Büket S, Djukanovic B. Aortic arch operation: current treatment and results. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59:19.

Safi HJ, Brien HW, Winter JN, et al. Brain protection via cerebral retrograde perfusion during aortic arch aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56:270.

Deeb GM, Jenkins E, Bolling SF, et al. Retrograde cerebral perfusion during hypothermic circulatory arrest reduces neurologic morbidity. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 109:259.

Okita Y, Takamoto S, Ando M, et al. Mortality and cerebral outcome in patients who underwent aortic arch operations using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with retrograde cerebral perfusion: no relation of early death, stroke, and delirium to the duration of circulatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 115:129

Angeloni E, Benedetto U, Takkenberg JJ, et al. Unilateral versus bilateral antegrade cerebral protection during circulatory arrest in aortic surgery: a meta-analysis of 5100 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 147:60.

Kazui T, Inoue N, Yamada O, Komatsu S. Selective cerebral perfusion during operation for aneurysms of the aortic arch: a reassessment. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 53:109.

Spielvogel D, Strauch JT, Minanov OP, et al. Aortic arch replacement using a trifurcated graft and selective cerebral antegrade perfusion. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74:S1810.

Strauch JT, Spielvogel D, Lauten A, et al. Technical advances in total aortic arch replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 77:581.

Vallabhajosyula P, Jassar AS, Menon RS, et al. Moderate versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for elective aortic transverse hemiarch reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:1511.

Hino Y, Okada K, Oka T, et al. Extended replacement of the thoracic aorta. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 43:176.

Folkmann S, Weiss G, Pisarik H, et al. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair after frozen elephant trunk procedure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 47:115.

Karck M, Chavan A, Hagl C, et al. The frozen elephant trunk technique: a new treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 125:1550.

Shrestha M, Beckmann E, Krueger H, et al. The elephant trunk is freezing: The Hannover experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 149:1286.

Schurink GW, Peppelenbosch AG, Mees BM, et al. Strategies to prevent spinal cord ischemia in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2015; 56:281.

Svensson LG, Hess KR, D'Agostino RS, et al. Reduction of neurologic injury after high-risk thoracoabdominal aortic operation. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:132.

Kouchoukos NT, Rokkas CK. Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass for spinal cord protection: rationale and clinical results. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:1940.

Connolly JE. Hume Memorial lecture. Prevention of spinal cord complications in aortic surgery. Am J Surg 1998; 176:92.

McGarvey ML, Cheung AT, Szeto W, Messe SR. Management of neurologic complications of thoracic aortic surgery. J Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 24:336.

Omura A, Yamanaka K, Miyahara S, et al. Early patency rate and fate of reattached intercostal arteries after repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 147:1861.

Zoli S, Roder F, Etz CD, et al. Predicting the risk of paraplegia after thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90:1237.

Conrad MF, Ergul EA, Patel VI, et al. Evolution of operative strategies in open thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53:1195.

Mastroroberto P, Chello M. Emergency thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: clinical outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 118:477.

Aftab M, Songdechakraiwut T, Green SY, et al. Contemporary outcomes of open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in octogenarians. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 149:S134.

Johns N, Jamieson RW, Ceresa C, et al. Contemporary outcomes of open repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in young patients. J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 9:195.

Crawford RS, Pedraza JD, Chung TK, et al. Functional outcome after thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2008; 48:828.

Achneck HE, Rizzo JA, Tranquilli M, Elefteriades JA. Safety of thoracic aortic surgery in the present era. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84:1180.

Shapira OM, Aldea GS, Cutter SM, et al. Improved clinical outcomes after operation of the proximal aorta: a 10-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:1030.

Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, et al. Experience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations. J Vasc Surg 1993; 17:357

Svensson LG, Coselli JS, Safi HJ, et al. Appraisal of adjuncts to prevent acute renal failure after surgery on the thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta. J Vasc Surg 1989; 10:230.

O'Connor DJ, Vouyouka A, Ellozy SH, et al. Stent graft repair of paraanastomotic aneurysms after open descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Vasc Surg 2013; 27:693.

Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al. 2010 ACCF/AHA/AATS/ACR/ASA/SCA/SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with Thoracic Aortic Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Circulation 2010; 121:e266.

Ergin MA, Spielvogel D, Apaydin A, et al. Surgical treatment of the dilated ascending aorta: when and how? Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:1834.

Coady MA, Rizzo JA, Hammond GL, et al. Surgical intervention criteria for thoracic aortic aneurysms: a study of growth rates and complications. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:1922.

Booher AM, Eagle KA. Diagnosis and management issues in thoracic aortic aneurysm. Am Heart J 2011; 162:38.

Coady MA, Rizzo JA, Hammond GL, et al. Penetrating ulcer of the thoracic aorta: what is it? How do we recognize it? How do we manage it? J Vasc Surg 1998; 27:1006.

Pepin M, Schwarze U, Superti-Furga A, Byers PH. Clinical and genetic features of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, the vascular type. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:673.

Matura LA, Ho VB, Rosing DR, Bondy CA. Aortic dilatation and dissection in Turner syndrome. Circulation 2007; 116:1663.

Loeys BL, Schwarze U, Holm T, et al. Aneurysm syndromes caused by mutations in the TGF-beta receptor. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:788.

Zafar MA, Li Y, Rizzo JA, et al. Height alone, rather than body surface area, suffices for risk estimation in ascending aortic aneurysm. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:1938.

Ziganshin BA, Zafar MA, Elefteriades JA. Descending threshold for ascending aortic aneurysmectomy: Is it time for a "left-shift" in guidelines? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 157:37.

Appoo JJ, Tse LW, Pozeg ZI, et al. Thoracic aortic frontier: review of current applications and directions of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:52.

Fattori R, Cao P, De Rango P, et al. Interdisciplinary expert consensus document on management of type B aortic dissection. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61:1661.

Cheung AT. An evolving role of anesthesiologists in the management of thoracic aortic diseases. Anesth Analg 2010; 111:259.

Moskowitz DM, Kahn RA, Konstadt SN, et al. Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography as an adjuvant to fluoroscopy during endovascular thoracic aortic repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1999; 17:22.

Jacobs MJ, Eijsman L, Meylaerts SA, et al. Reduced renal failure following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair by selective perfusion. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1998; 14:201.

Takayama H, Borger MA. Preventing spinal cord injury during thoracic aortic surgery: simpler than we thought? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 149:366

Di Luozzo G. Visceral and spinal cord protection during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: clinical and laboratory update. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145:S135.

Lima B, Nowicki ER, Blackstone EH, et al. Spinal cord protective strategies during descending and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the modern era: the role of intrathecal papaverine. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143:945.

Cambria RP, Davison JK, Carter C, et al. Epidural cooling for spinal cord protection during thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair: A five-year experience. J Vasc Surg 2000; 31:1093.

Kim WH, Park MH, Kim HJ, et al. Potentially modifiable risk factors for acute kidney injury after surgery on the thoracic aorta: a propensity score matched case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e273.

Cotton BA, Au BK, Nunez TC, et al. Predefined massive transfusion protocols are associated with a reduction in organ failure and postinjury complications. J Trauma 2009; 66:41.

Waldow T, Szlapka M, Haferkorn M, et al. Prospective clinical trial on dosage optimizing of tranexamic acid in non-emergency cardiac surgery procedures. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2013; 55:457.

Goksedef D, Panagopoulos G, Nassiri N, et al. Intraoperative use of recombinant activated factor VII during complex aortic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143:1198.

Yoo JS, Kim JB, Joo Y, et al. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest versus non-deep hypothermic beating heart strategy in descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 46:678.

Kulik A, Castner CF, Kouchoukos NT. Outcomes after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair with hypothermic circulatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 141:953.

Yan TD, Bannon PG, Bavaria J, et al. Consensus on hypothermia in aortic arch surgery. Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 2:163.

Livesay JJ, Cooley DA, Duncan JM, et al. Open aortic anastomosis: improved results in the treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch. Circulation 1982; 66:I122.

Coselli JS, Crawford ES, Beall AC Jr, et al. Determination of brain temperatures for safe circulatory arrest during cardiovascular operation. Ann Thorac Surg 1988; 45:638.

Ergin MA, Galla JD, Lansman sL, et al. Hypothermic circulatory arrest in operations on the thoracic aorta. Determinants of operative mortality and neurologic outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1994; 107:788.

Kapadia MR, Popowich DA, Kibbe MR. Modified prosthetic vascular conduits. Circulation 2008; 117:1873.

Smith TA, Gatens S, Andres M, et al. Hybrid repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms involving the visceral vessels: comparative analysis between number of vessels reconstructed, conduit, and gender. Ann Vasc Surg 2011; 25:64.

Chiesa R. New frontiers in thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repair. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2015; 56:685.

Quinones-Baldrich W, Jimenez JC, DeRubertis B, Moore WS. Combined endovascular and surgical approach (CESA) to thoracoabdominal aortic pathology: A 10-year experience. J Vasc Surg 2009; 49:1125.

Gkremoutis A, Schmandra T, Meyn M, et al. Hybrid approach to emergent and urgent treatment of complex thoracoabdominal aortic pathology. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 48:407.

Richards JM, Nimmo AF, Moores CR, et al. Contemporary results for open repair of suprarenal and type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Br J Surg 2010; 97:45.

Zehr KJ, Orszulak TA, Mullany CJ, et al. Surgery for aneurysms of the aortic root: a 30-year experience. Circulation 2004; 110:1364.

Lewis CT, Cooley DA, Murphy MC, et al. Surgical repair of aortic root aneurysms in 280 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 53:38.

Arabkhani B, Mookhoek A, Di Centa I, et al. Reported Outcome After Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Replacement for Aortic Root Aneurysm: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 100:1126.

Veldtman GR, Connolly HM, Orszulak TA, et al. Fate of bicuspid aortic valves in patients undergoing aortic root repair or replacement for aortic root enlargement. Mayo Clin Proc 2006; 81:322.

Ishimitsu T, Tsukada K, Ohta S, et al. Increased cardiovascular risk in long-term hemodialysis patients carrying deletion allele of ACE gene polymorphism. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44:466.

Sarsam MA, Yacoub M. Remodeling of the aortic valve anulus. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 105:435.

Youssefi P, Zacek P, Debauchez M, Lansac E. Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Replacement Using the Remodeling Technique With Aortic Annuloplasty: Tricuspid Valves With Repair of Specific Lesion Sets: How I Teach It. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 107:1592.

Bentall H, De Bono A. A technique for complete replacement of the ascending aorta. Thorax 1968; 23:338.

Crawford ES, Coselli JS. Replacement of the aortic arch. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991; 3:194.

Coselli JS, Büket S, Djukanovic B. Aortic arch operation: current treatment and results. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 59:19.

Safi HJ, Brien HW, Winter JN, et al. Brain protection via cerebral retrograde perfusion during aortic arch aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg 1993; 56:270.

Deeb GM, Jenkins E, Bolling SF, et al. Retrograde cerebral perfusion during hypothermic circulatory arrest reduces neurologic morbidity. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995; 109:259.

Okita Y, Takamoto S, Ando M, et al. Mortality and cerebral outcome in patients who underwent aortic arch operations using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with retrograde cerebral perfusion: no relation of early death, stroke, and delirium to the duration of circulatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998; 115:129

Angeloni E, Benedetto U, Takkenberg JJ, et al. Unilateral versus bilateral antegrade cerebral protection during circulatory arrest in aortic surgery: a meta-analysis of 5100 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 147:60.

Kazui T, Inoue N, Yamada O, Komatsu S. Selective cerebral perfusion during operation for aneurysms of the aortic arch: a reassessment. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 53:109.

Spielvogel D, Strauch JT, Minanov OP, et al. Aortic arch replacement using a trifurcated graft and selective cerebral antegrade perfusion. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74:S1810.

Strauch JT, Spielvogel D, Lauten A, et al. Technical advances in total aortic arch replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 77:581.

Vallabhajosyula P, Jassar AS, Menon RS, et al. Moderate versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for elective aortic transverse hemiarch reconstruction. Ann Thorac Surg 2015; 99:1511.

Hino Y, Okada K, Oka T, et al. Extended replacement of the thoracic aorta. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 43:176.

Folkmann S, Weiss G, Pisarik H, et al. Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair after frozen elephant trunk procedure. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 47:115.

Karck M, Chavan A, Hagl C, et al. The frozen elephant trunk technique: a new treatment for thoracic aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 125:1550.

Shrestha M, Beckmann E, Krueger H, et al. The elephant trunk is freezing: The Hannover experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 149:1286.

Schurink GW, Peppelenbosch AG, Mees BM, et al. Strategies to prevent spinal cord ischemia in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2015; 56:281.

Svensson LG, Hess KR, D'Agostino RS, et al. Reduction of neurologic injury after high-risk thoracoabdominal aortic operation. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 66:132.

Kouchoukos NT, Rokkas CK. Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass for spinal cord protection: rationale and clinical results. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:1940.

Connolly JE. Hume Memorial lecture. Prevention of spinal cord complications in aortic surgery. Am J Surg 1998; 176:92.

McGarvey ML, Cheung AT, Szeto W, Messe SR. Management of neurologic complications of thoracic aortic surgery. J Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 24:336.

Omura A, Yamanaka K, Miyahara S, et al. Early patency rate and fate of reattached intercostal arteries after repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 147:1861.

Zoli S, Roder F, Etz CD, et al. Predicting the risk of paraplegia after thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90:1237.

Conrad MF, Ergul EA, Patel VI, et al. Evolution of operative strategies in open thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53:1195.

Mastroroberto P, Chello M. Emergency thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: clinical outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 118:477.

Aftab M, Songdechakraiwut T, Green SY, et al. Contemporary outcomes of open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in octogenarians. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 149:S134.

Johns N, Jamieson RW, Ceresa C, et al. Contemporary outcomes of open repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in young patients. J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 9:195.

Crawford RS, Pedraza JD, Chung TK, et al. Functional outcome after thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2008; 48:828.

Achneck HE, Rizzo JA, Tranquilli M, Elefteriades JA. Safety of thoracic aortic surgery in the present era. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84:1180.

Shapira OM, Aldea GS, Cutter SM, et al. Improved clinical outcomes after operation of the proximal aorta: a 10-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67:1030.

Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, et al. Experience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations. J Vasc Surg 1993; 17:357

Svensson LG, Coselli JS, Safi HJ, et al. Appraisal of adjuncts to prevent acute renal failure after surgery on the thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta. J Vasc Surg 1989; 10:230.

O'Connor DJ, Vouyouka A, Ellozy SH, et al. Stent graft repair of paraanastomotic aneurysms after open descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Vasc Surg 2013; 27:693.