Aorta Embriyolojisi ve Anatomisi
Özet
Aort, vücudun ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan ana iletici damardır. Anatomik olarak, çıkan (asendan), arcus, inen (desendan) aort olarak üçe ayrılır. Çıkan aort, aortik kökü ve koroner artelerin çıktığı valsalva sinüsleri içerir. Arcus aorta, baş ve boyun bölgesini besleyen brakiyosefalik, sol ana karotis ve sol subklavyen arterleri verir. Desendan aorta ise, torasik ve abdominal bileşenlerden oluşur. Abdominal aort dallarını verdikten sonra, sağ ve sol ana iliyak arterlere ayrılarak sonlanır.
Aortun temel taşı olduğu dolaşım sistemi, embriyoda öncelikli gelişmeye başlayan ve ilk işlev gösteren sistemdir. Diffüzyon yoluyla gereksinimlerini karşılayamayan embriyoda üçüncü haftadan itibaren kalp ve vasküler sistem gelişmeye başlar ve ilerleyen süreçte aorta gelişimi ile devam eder. Dördüncü haftadan itibaren, embriyonun faringeal bölgesinde aortik arcuslar ve bunu besleyen altı arter çiftleri oluşur. Aortik kese, yukarıya uzanarak ilk aort ark çiftine ve daha sonra ikinci, üçüncü, dördüncü ve altıncı aortik arklara bağlanır. Beşinci aortik ark çifti gelişmezken, ilerleyen süreçte ise ilk iki çift aortik ark körelir. Aort, temel olarak üçüncü ve dördüncü aort arklardan köken alır.
The aorta is the main transmitting vessel that provides for the body’s needs. Anatomically, it is divided into three parts: ascending, arcus and descending aorta. The ascending aorta contains the aortic root and the sinuses of valsalva from which the coronary arteries arise. The aortic arch gives off the brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries that supply the head and neck region. The descending aorta consists of thoracic and abdominal components. After giving off branches of the abdominal aorta, it terminates by dividing into the right and left common iliac arteries.
The circulatory system, of which the aorta is the cornerstone, is the first system that begins to develop and perform functions in the embryo. In the embryo, which cannot supply through diffusion, the heart and vascular system begin to develop from the third week onwards and continues with the development of the aorta in the following period. Starting from the fourth week, aortic arches and six pairs of arteries that supply them are formed in the pharyngeal region of the embryo. The aortic sac extends upward to connect to the first pair of aortic arches and then to the second, third, fourth and sixth aortic arches. While the fifth pair of aortic arches does not develop, the first two pairs of aortic arches atrophy in later times. The aorta basically originates from the third and fourth aortic arches.
Referanslar
Pensky B. Review of Medical Embryology. McMillan, New York, 1982; pp 291–355
Keller BB, Hoying JB, Markwald RR. Hurst’s The Heart. ( Ömer Kozan, Çev. Ed.) Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri; 2014
Markwald RR, Trusk T, Gittenberger- de Groot AC, et al. Cardiac morphogenesis: formation and septation of primary heart tube. In: Karlock R, Datson G, eds. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Berlin, Germany: Springer- Verlag; 1998:11-40.
Markwald RR, Mjaatvedt CH, Krug EL, et al. Inductive interaction in heart development: role of cardiac adherons in cushion tissue formation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;588:13-25.
Patan S. Vasculogenesis and anjiogenesis. Cancer Treat Res. 2004;117:3-32
Gittenberger- de Groot AC, Bartelings MM, Derutier MC, et al. Basics of cardiac development for the understanding of congenital heart malformations. Pediatr Res. 2005; 57(2): 169-176
Webb S, Quayyum SR, Anderson RH, et al. Septation and separation within the outflow tract of the developing heart. J Anat. 2003;202(4):327-342
Wang Y, Dur O, Patrick MJ, et al.Aortic arch morphogenesis and flow modeling in the chick embryo. Ann Biomed Eng. 2009; 37:1069-1081
Pansky,B. Review of Medical Embryology, Macmillan: 1982.
Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi. (4. Baskı) Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri; 2005.
Edwards WD. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System: Clinical Medicine. Vol 6. Philadelphia, PA: Harper and Row; 1984:1-24.
Akar AR, Eryılmaz S, Elalmış AÖ. Aort Anatomisi. Eren NT, ed. Aort Cerrahisi. Çağdaş Medikal Kitapevi, 2003: 27-42
Devarajan J, Subramaniam B. Applied Anatomy of the Aorta. In: Subramaniam K, Park KW, Subramaniam B. (eds.) Anesthesia and Perioperative Care for Aortic Surgery. New York: Springer;2011. p 1-15.
Braverman AC, Thompson RW, Sachez LA. Braunwald Kalp Hastalıkları. (Murat Sezer, Emre Aslanger, Çev. Ed.).İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri: 2015
Aggarwal B, Thamilarasan M. Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar El Kitabı. ( Ömer Kozan, Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevi: 2021
Referanslar
Pensky B. Review of Medical Embryology. McMillan, New York, 1982; pp 291–355
Keller BB, Hoying JB, Markwald RR. Hurst’s The Heart. ( Ömer Kozan, Çev. Ed.) Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri; 2014
Markwald RR, Trusk T, Gittenberger- de Groot AC, et al. Cardiac morphogenesis: formation and septation of primary heart tube. In: Karlock R, Datson G, eds. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Berlin, Germany: Springer- Verlag; 1998:11-40.
Markwald RR, Mjaatvedt CH, Krug EL, et al. Inductive interaction in heart development: role of cardiac adherons in cushion tissue formation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;588:13-25.
Patan S. Vasculogenesis and anjiogenesis. Cancer Treat Res. 2004;117:3-32
Gittenberger- de Groot AC, Bartelings MM, Derutier MC, et al. Basics of cardiac development for the understanding of congenital heart malformations. Pediatr Res. 2005; 57(2): 169-176
Webb S, Quayyum SR, Anderson RH, et al. Septation and separation within the outflow tract of the developing heart. J Anat. 2003;202(4):327-342
Wang Y, Dur O, Patrick MJ, et al.Aortic arch morphogenesis and flow modeling in the chick embryo. Ann Biomed Eng. 2009; 37:1069-1081
Pansky,B. Review of Medical Embryology, Macmillan: 1982.
Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi. (4. Baskı) Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri; 2005.
Edwards WD. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System: Clinical Medicine. Vol 6. Philadelphia, PA: Harper and Row; 1984:1-24.
Akar AR, Eryılmaz S, Elalmış AÖ. Aort Anatomisi. Eren NT, ed. Aort Cerrahisi. Çağdaş Medikal Kitapevi, 2003: 27-42
Devarajan J, Subramaniam B. Applied Anatomy of the Aorta. In: Subramaniam K, Park KW, Subramaniam B. (eds.) Anesthesia and Perioperative Care for Aortic Surgery. New York: Springer;2011. p 1-15.
Braverman AC, Thompson RW, Sachez LA. Braunwald Kalp Hastalıkları. (Murat Sezer, Emre Aslanger, Çev. Ed.).İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri: 2015
Aggarwal B, Thamilarasan M. Kardiyovasküler Hastalıklar El Kitabı. ( Ömer Kozan, Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevi: 2021
