Candida auris Enfeksiyonlarının Kontrolü İçin Önlemler
Özet
C. auris sağlık bakım ortamlarında kolayca yayılır ve salgınlara neden olabilir. C. auris hastaları aylarca kolonize edebilir, yüzeylerde kalabilir. Hastanelerde yaygın olarak kullanılan bazı dezenfektanlar C. auris'e karşı etkili değildir. Toplanan veriler, yalnızca kuaterner amonyak bileşiklerine (QAC'ler) bağımlı ürünlerin etkili olmadığını göstermektedir. Centers of Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), C. auris'e karşı etkili, Çevre Koruma Ajansı (EPA) tescilli hastane sınıfı dezenfektanın kullanılmasını önermektedir.
Sağlık hizmeti ortamlarında C. auris bulaşmasının önlenmesine yönelik birincil enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri; el hijyeni, C. auris'e karşı etkili ürünle ortam dezenfeksiyonu, hastanın C. auris durumunu bildiren hasta transferleridir.
C. auris spreads easily in healthcare settings and can cause outbreaks. C. auris can colonize patients for many months, persist on surfaces, and is not killed by some commonly used healthcare facility disinfectants. and control outbreaks. Several common hospital disinfectants are not effective against C. auris. Accumulating data indicate that products solely dependent on quaternary ammonia compounds (QACs) are not effective. Centers of Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the use of an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)–registered hospital-grade disinfectant effective against C. auris.
The primary infection control measures for prevention of C. auris transmission in healthcare settings are hand hygiene, environmental disinfection prevent with product effective against C. auris and patient transfers that communicate patient's C. auris status.
Referanslar
Cristina ML, Spagnolo AM, Sartini M, et al. An overview on Candida auris in healthcare settings. Journal of Fungi (Basel): 2023; 9 (9): 913. doi: 10.3390/jof9090913.
Alp Ş, Arıkan Akdağlı S. Candida auris and mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni 2021; 55 (1): 99-112. doi: 10.5578/mb.20217
Ortiz-Roa C, Valderrama-Rios M.C, Sierra-Umaña S.F, et al. Mortality caused by Candida auris bloodstream ınfections in comparison with other Candida species, a multicentre retrospective cohort. Journal of Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9 (7): 715. doi: 10.3390/jof9070715.
https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/candida-auris/c-auris-surveillance. html
Adams E, Quinn M, Tsay S, et al. Candida auris investigation workgroup. Candida auris in healthcare facilities, New York, USA, 2013-2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2018; 24 (10): 1816-1824. doi: 10.3201/eid2410.180649.
https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/candida-auris/c-auris-screening.html
Pacilli M, Kerins JL, Clegg WJ, et al.. Regional emergence of Candida auris in Chicago and lessons learned from ıntensive follow-up at 1 ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2020; 71 (11): e718-e725. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa435.
Sticchi C, Alberti M, Artioli S, Assensi M, et al. Regional point prevalence study of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals in Liguria, Italy. Journal of Hospital Infection 2017; 99: 8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.12.008.
Karmarkar EN, O'Donnell K, Prestel C, et al. Rapid assessment and containment of Candida auris transmission in postacute care settings-orange county, California, 2019. Annals Internal Medicine 2021; 174 (11): 1554-1562. doi: 10.7326/M21-2013.
https://www.cdc.gov/candida-auris/hcp/infection-control/index.html
Cadnum JL, Shaikh AA, Piedrahita CT, et al. Effectiveness of disinfectants against Candida auris and other Candida species. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 2017; 38 (10): 1240-1243. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.162.
Sexton DJ, Welsh RM, Bentz ML,et al. Evaluation of nine surface disinfectants against Candida auris using a quantitative disk carrier method: EPA SOP-MB-35. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 2020 ; 41 (10): 1219-1221. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.278.
Proctor D.M, Dangana T, Sexton D.J, et al. Integrated genomic, epidemiologic investigation of Candida auris skin colonization in a skilled nursing facility. Nature Medicine 2021; 27: 1401–1409. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01383
Sherry L, Ramage G, Kean R,et al. Biofilm-forming capability of highly virulent, multidrug-resistant Candida auris. Emerging Infectious Disease 2017; 23 (2): 328-331. doi: 10.3201/eid2302.161320.
Biswal M, Rudramurthy S, Jain N, et al. Controlling a possible outbreak of Candida auris infection: Lessons learnt from multiple interventions. Journal of Hospital Infection 2017;97:363–370. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.09.009
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Candida auris Outbreak in Healthcare in Northern Italy, 2019–2021. ECDC; Stockholm, Sweden: 2022.
Eyre DW, Sheppard AE, Madder H, et al. A Candida auris Outbreak and Its Control in an Intensive Care Setting. New Englang Journal of Medicine 2018; 379:1322. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714373.
Referanslar
Cristina ML, Spagnolo AM, Sartini M, et al. An overview on Candida auris in healthcare settings. Journal of Fungi (Basel): 2023; 9 (9): 913. doi: 10.3390/jof9090913.
Alp Ş, Arıkan Akdağlı S. Candida auris and mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni 2021; 55 (1): 99-112. doi: 10.5578/mb.20217
Ortiz-Roa C, Valderrama-Rios M.C, Sierra-Umaña S.F, et al. Mortality caused by Candida auris bloodstream ınfections in comparison with other Candida species, a multicentre retrospective cohort. Journal of Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9 (7): 715. doi: 10.3390/jof9070715.
https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/candida-auris/c-auris-surveillance. html
Adams E, Quinn M, Tsay S, et al. Candida auris investigation workgroup. Candida auris in healthcare facilities, New York, USA, 2013-2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2018; 24 (10): 1816-1824. doi: 10.3201/eid2410.180649.
https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/candida-auris/c-auris-screening.html
Pacilli M, Kerins JL, Clegg WJ, et al.. Regional emergence of Candida auris in Chicago and lessons learned from ıntensive follow-up at 1 ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility. Clinical Infectious Diseases 2020; 71 (11): e718-e725. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa435.
Sticchi C, Alberti M, Artioli S, Assensi M, et al. Regional point prevalence study of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in acute care hospitals in Liguria, Italy. Journal of Hospital Infection 2017; 99: 8-16. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.12.008.
Karmarkar EN, O'Donnell K, Prestel C, et al. Rapid assessment and containment of Candida auris transmission in postacute care settings-orange county, California, 2019. Annals Internal Medicine 2021; 174 (11): 1554-1562. doi: 10.7326/M21-2013.
https://www.cdc.gov/candida-auris/hcp/infection-control/index.html
Cadnum JL, Shaikh AA, Piedrahita CT, et al. Effectiveness of disinfectants against Candida auris and other Candida species. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 2017; 38 (10): 1240-1243. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.162.
Sexton DJ, Welsh RM, Bentz ML,et al. Evaluation of nine surface disinfectants against Candida auris using a quantitative disk carrier method: EPA SOP-MB-35. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 2020 ; 41 (10): 1219-1221. doi: 10.1017/ice.2020.278.
Proctor D.M, Dangana T, Sexton D.J, et al. Integrated genomic, epidemiologic investigation of Candida auris skin colonization in a skilled nursing facility. Nature Medicine 2021; 27: 1401–1409. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01383
Sherry L, Ramage G, Kean R,et al. Biofilm-forming capability of highly virulent, multidrug-resistant Candida auris. Emerging Infectious Disease 2017; 23 (2): 328-331. doi: 10.3201/eid2302.161320.
Biswal M, Rudramurthy S, Jain N, et al. Controlling a possible outbreak of Candida auris infection: Lessons learnt from multiple interventions. Journal of Hospital Infection 2017;97:363–370. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.09.009
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Candida auris Outbreak in Healthcare in Northern Italy, 2019–2021. ECDC; Stockholm, Sweden: 2022.
Eyre DW, Sheppard AE, Madder H, et al. A Candida auris Outbreak and Its Control in an Intensive Care Setting. New Englang Journal of Medicine 2018; 379:1322. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714373.
