Candida auris’in Oluşturduğu Klinik Tablolar Dahili Bilimler
Özet
C. auris hastane ortamında hastalar arasında temas yolu ile kolayca yayılarak hastane enfeksiyonlarına ve salgınlara yol açar. Hastane ortamında yüzeylerde uzun süre canlı kalabilmesi bulaşı kolaylaştırır. C. auris yol açtığı en önemli ve mortalitesi en yüksek klinik tablo kandidemidir. Bunun haricinde, C.auris ile ilişkili üriner sistem enfeksiyonu, cilt yumuşak doku enfeksiyonu, abdominal enfeksiyonlar, cerrahi alan enfeksiyonları, cilt apseleri, otit, menenjit ve kemik enfeksiyonları bildirilmiştir. C. auris enfeksiyonu ile ilişkili risk faktörleri diğer kandida türlerine benzer şekilde yoğun bakım yatışı, venöz kateter varlığı, trakeostomi, beslenme tüpü varlığı, diabetes mellitus, geçirilmiş cerrahi ve sistemik antibiyotik kullanımıdır.
C. auris spreads easily through contact between patients in the hospital environment, causing nosocomial infections and epidemics. Its ability to survive on surfaces for a long time in a hospital environment makes transmission easier. The most important clinical presentation of C. auris is candidemia which has high mortality. Apart from this, C.auris-associated urinary tract infections, skin soft tissue infections, abdominal infections, surgical site infections, skin abscesses, otitis, meningitis and bone infections have been reported. Risk factors associated with C. auris infection, similar to other Candida species, include intensive care unit admission, presence of a central venous catheter, tracheostomy, presence of feeding tube, diabetes mellitus, previous surgery and systemic antibiotic use.
Referanslar
Gülmez D. Candida auris: On yılda dünyaya yayılmayı başaran fungal patojen. Flora Dergisi. 2019; 24.4: 263-271.
Kurt AF, Kuskucu MA, Balkan II, et al. Candida auris fungemia and a local spread taken under control with infection control measures: First report from Turkey. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2021; 39 (2): 228-230. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.03.007.
van Schalkwyk E, Mpembe RS, Thomas J, et al. Epidemiologic Shift in Candidemia Driven by Candida auris, South Africa, 2016-2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2019; 25 (9): 1698-1707. doi: 10.3201/eid2509.190040.
Griffith N, Danziger L. Candida auris Urinary tract ınfections and possible treatment. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020; 9 (12): 898. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9120898
Tsay S, Welsh RM, Adams EH et al. Notes from the field: ongoing transmission of Candida auris in health care facilities-United States, June 2016–May 2017. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 2017; 66: 514-515.
Biswal M, Rudramurthy SM, Jain N et al. Controlling a possible outbreak of Candida auris infection: lessons learnt from multiple interventions. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2017; 97: 363-370. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.09.009.
Forsberg K, Woodworth K, Walters M, et al. Candida auris: The recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen. Medical Mycology. 2019; 57 (1): 1-12. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myy054.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection Prevention and Control for Candida auris. [Online] https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/candida-auris/c-auris-infection-control.html#:~:text=auris%20can%20persist%20on%20surfaces,the%20patient%2C%20such%20as%20windowsills [Accessed: 22.04.2022]
Dire O, Ahmad A, Duze S, et al. Survival of Candida auris on environmental surface materials and low-level resistance to disinfectant. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2023; 137: 17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.04.007.
Piedrahita CT, Cadnum JL, Jencson AL, et al. Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities are a Potential Source for Transmission of Candida auris and Other Candida Species. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2017; 38 (9): 1107-1109. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.127.
Logan C, Martin-Loeches I, Bicanic T. Invasive candidiasis in critical care: challenges and future directions. Intensive Care Med. 2020; 46 (11): 2001-2014. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06240-x.
Kaki R. Risk factors and mortality of the newly emerging Candida auris in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia. Mycology. 2023; 14(3): 256-263. doi: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2227218.
Choi HI, An J, Hwang JJ, et al. Otomastoiditis caused by Candida auris: Case report and literature review. Mycoses. 2017; 60 (8): 488-492. doi: 10.1111/myc.12617.
Ayhancı T, Altındiş M. Rapidly spreading multi-drug resistant yeast: Candida auris. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2020; 77 (1): 123-136. doi: 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2019.26879.
Ozalp O, Komec S, Unsel M, et al. Analysis of candidemia cases in a city hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2024; 28 (6): 2558-2568. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35762.
Kömeç S, Karabıçak N, Ceylan AN, et al. Türkiye İstanbul’dan bildirilen üç Candida auris olgusu. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni. 2021; 55 (3): 452-460. doi: 10.5578/mb.20219814.
Kulaklı K, Arslan N, Gürsan O et al. İzmir’den ilk Candida auris izolasyonu: Amputasyon ile sonuçlanan polimikrobiyal diyabetik ayak enfeksiyonu. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi. 2023; 53(1), 47-54. doi:10.54453/TMCD.2023.81894.
Bölükbaşı Y, Erköse Genç G, Orhun G, et al. Türkiye’de İlk COVID-19 pozitif Candida auris fungemi olgusu. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni. 2021; 55 (4): 648-655. doi: 10.5578/mb.20219716.
Mulet Bayona JV, Tormo Palop N, Salvador García C, et al. Candida auris from colonisation to candidemia: A four-year study. Mycoses. 2023; 66 (10): 882-890. doi: 10.1111/myc.13626.
Hu S, Zhu F, Jiang W, et al. Retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of Candida auris Infection worldwide from 2009 to 2020. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021; 12: 658329. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658329.
Khan Z, Ahmad S, Al-Sweih N, et al. Increasing prevalence, molecular characterization and antifungal drug susceptibility of serial Candida auris isolates in Kuwait. PLoS One. 2018; 13 (4): e0195743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195743.
Benedict K, Forsberg K, Gold JAW, Baggs J, Lyman M. Candida auris‒Associated Hospitalizations, United States, 2017-2022. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2023; 29 (7): 1485-1487. doi: 10.3201/eid2907.
Bing J, Du H, Guo P, et al. Candida auris-associated hospitalizations and outbreaks, China, 2018-2023. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 2024; 13 (1): 2302843. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2302843.
Sokou R, Palioura AE, Kopanou Taliaka P, et al. Candida auris infection, a rapidly emerging threat in the neonatal ıntensive care units: a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13 (6): 1586. doi: 10.3390/jcm13061586.
Ruiz-Gaitán A, Martínez H, Moret AM, et al. Detection and treatment of Candida auris in an outbreak situation: risk factors for developing colonization and candidemia by this new species in critically ill patients. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 2019; 17 (4): 295-305. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1592675.
Garcia-Bustos V, Salavert M, Ruiz-Gaitán AC, et al. A clinical predictive model of candidaemia by Candida auris in previously colonized critically ill patients. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2020; 26 (11): 1507-1513. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.02.00.1
Sayeed MA, Farooqi J, Jabeen K, et al. Comparison of risk factors and outcomes of Candida auris candidemia with non-Candida auris candidemia: a retrospective study from Pakistan. Medical Mycology. 2020; 58 (6): 721-729. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myz112.
Briano F, Magnasco L, Sepulcri C, et al. Candida auris candidemia in critically ill, colonized patients: cumulative incidence and risk factors. Infectious Diseases and Therapy. 2022; 11 (3): 1149-1160. doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00625-9.
Referanslar
Gülmez D. Candida auris: On yılda dünyaya yayılmayı başaran fungal patojen. Flora Dergisi. 2019; 24.4: 263-271.
Kurt AF, Kuskucu MA, Balkan II, et al. Candida auris fungemia and a local spread taken under control with infection control measures: First report from Turkey. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2021; 39 (2): 228-230. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.03.007.
van Schalkwyk E, Mpembe RS, Thomas J, et al. Epidemiologic Shift in Candidemia Driven by Candida auris, South Africa, 2016-2017. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2019; 25 (9): 1698-1707. doi: 10.3201/eid2509.190040.
Griffith N, Danziger L. Candida auris Urinary tract ınfections and possible treatment. Antibiotics (Basel). 2020; 9 (12): 898. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9120898
Tsay S, Welsh RM, Adams EH et al. Notes from the field: ongoing transmission of Candida auris in health care facilities-United States, June 2016–May 2017. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 2017; 66: 514-515.
Biswal M, Rudramurthy SM, Jain N et al. Controlling a possible outbreak of Candida auris infection: lessons learnt from multiple interventions. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2017; 97: 363-370. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2017.09.009.
Forsberg K, Woodworth K, Walters M, et al. Candida auris: The recent emergence of a multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen. Medical Mycology. 2019; 57 (1): 1-12. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myy054.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infection Prevention and Control for Candida auris. [Online] https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/candida-auris/c-auris-infection-control.html#:~:text=auris%20can%20persist%20on%20surfaces,the%20patient%2C%20such%20as%20windowsills [Accessed: 22.04.2022]
Dire O, Ahmad A, Duze S, et al. Survival of Candida auris on environmental surface materials and low-level resistance to disinfectant. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2023; 137: 17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.04.007.
Piedrahita CT, Cadnum JL, Jencson AL, et al. Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities are a Potential Source for Transmission of Candida auris and Other Candida Species. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2017; 38 (9): 1107-1109. doi: 10.1017/ice.2017.127.
Logan C, Martin-Loeches I, Bicanic T. Invasive candidiasis in critical care: challenges and future directions. Intensive Care Med. 2020; 46 (11): 2001-2014. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06240-x.
Kaki R. Risk factors and mortality of the newly emerging Candida auris in a university hospital in Saudi Arabia. Mycology. 2023; 14(3): 256-263. doi: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2227218.
Choi HI, An J, Hwang JJ, et al. Otomastoiditis caused by Candida auris: Case report and literature review. Mycoses. 2017; 60 (8): 488-492. doi: 10.1111/myc.12617.
Ayhancı T, Altındiş M. Rapidly spreading multi-drug resistant yeast: Candida auris. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2020; 77 (1): 123-136. doi: 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2019.26879.
Ozalp O, Komec S, Unsel M, et al. Analysis of candidemia cases in a city hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences. 2024; 28 (6): 2558-2568. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202403_35762.
Kömeç S, Karabıçak N, Ceylan AN, et al. Türkiye İstanbul’dan bildirilen üç Candida auris olgusu. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni. 2021; 55 (3): 452-460. doi: 10.5578/mb.20219814.
Kulaklı K, Arslan N, Gürsan O et al. İzmir’den ilk Candida auris izolasyonu: Amputasyon ile sonuçlanan polimikrobiyal diyabetik ayak enfeksiyonu. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Cemiyeti Dergisi. 2023; 53(1), 47-54. doi:10.54453/TMCD.2023.81894.
Bölükbaşı Y, Erköse Genç G, Orhun G, et al. Türkiye’de İlk COVID-19 pozitif Candida auris fungemi olgusu. Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni. 2021; 55 (4): 648-655. doi: 10.5578/mb.20219716.
Mulet Bayona JV, Tormo Palop N, Salvador García C, et al. Candida auris from colonisation to candidemia: A four-year study. Mycoses. 2023; 66 (10): 882-890. doi: 10.1111/myc.13626.
Hu S, Zhu F, Jiang W, et al. Retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of Candida auris Infection worldwide from 2009 to 2020. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021; 12: 658329. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.658329.
Khan Z, Ahmad S, Al-Sweih N, et al. Increasing prevalence, molecular characterization and antifungal drug susceptibility of serial Candida auris isolates in Kuwait. PLoS One. 2018; 13 (4): e0195743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195743.
Benedict K, Forsberg K, Gold JAW, Baggs J, Lyman M. Candida auris‒Associated Hospitalizations, United States, 2017-2022. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2023; 29 (7): 1485-1487. doi: 10.3201/eid2907.
Bing J, Du H, Guo P, et al. Candida auris-associated hospitalizations and outbreaks, China, 2018-2023. Emerging Microbes & Infections. 2024; 13 (1): 2302843. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2302843.
Sokou R, Palioura AE, Kopanou Taliaka P, et al. Candida auris infection, a rapidly emerging threat in the neonatal ıntensive care units: a systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13 (6): 1586. doi: 10.3390/jcm13061586.
Ruiz-Gaitán A, Martínez H, Moret AM, et al. Detection and treatment of Candida auris in an outbreak situation: risk factors for developing colonization and candidemia by this new species in critically ill patients. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 2019; 17 (4): 295-305. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1592675.
Garcia-Bustos V, Salavert M, Ruiz-Gaitán AC, et al. A clinical predictive model of candidaemia by Candida auris in previously colonized critically ill patients. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2020; 26 (11): 1507-1513. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.02.00.1
Sayeed MA, Farooqi J, Jabeen K, et al. Comparison of risk factors and outcomes of Candida auris candidemia with non-Candida auris candidemia: a retrospective study from Pakistan. Medical Mycology. 2020; 58 (6): 721-729. doi: 10.1093/mmy/myz112.
Briano F, Magnasco L, Sepulcri C, et al. Candida auris candidemia in critically ill, colonized patients: cumulative incidence and risk factors. Infectious Diseases and Therapy. 2022; 11 (3): 1149-1160. doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00625-9.
