Özel Durumlarda Emzirme

Yazarlar

Ekin Dila Topaloğlu Ören
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7665-4524

Özet

Özel durumlarda emzirme; prematüre bebekler, çoğul gebelikler sonucu doğan bebekler, sezaryen operasyonu, afetler, bulaşıcı hastalıklar, kronik hastalıklar, kullanılan ilaçlar ve annenin çalışma yaşamına dönmesi gibi birçok zorlu durumu içermektedir ve bu durumlarda hem anne hem de bebek için emzirme sürecinde benzersiz zorluklar yaşanabilmektedir. Prematüre bebekler, emzirme ve emme ile ilgili yaygın zorluklara, sezaryen operasyonu yaşayan anneler hem fiziksel hem de ruhsal sorunlara, duygu durum bozuklukları, kronik hastalıklar ve ilaçlar emzirmenin geçici olarak durdurulmasını gerektirebileceğinden, annenin hastalığı özel zorlukların ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilmektedir. HIV-pozitif anneler bebeğe bulaşma riskiyle karşı karşıyadır. Güvenli alternatiflere erişimin sınırlı olduğu bölgelerde, antiretroviral tedavinin bulaşma riskini azaltmasıyla birlikte emzirmenin sürdürülmesi ile ilgili yaşanan zorluklar ve bulaşıcı hastalıklarda emzirme sürecinin yönetimi oldukça zorlayıcı olabilmektedir. Bununla birlikte engelli kadınların hem fiziksel, duyuşsal ve nörolojik olarak yaşadıkları sorunlar emzirme konusunda yaşanılan zorlukların diğer bir boyutu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Özel durumlarda emzirme birçok konuyu kapsayan anne-bebek sağlığı ve toplum sağlığını önemli düzeyde etkileyen nultidisipliner ekip çalışması ile emzirmeyi destekleme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi gereken bir alandır. Emzirme danışmanları, sağlık bakım sağlayıcıları ve destek grupları aracılığıyla alınan eğitim, destek, danışmanlık, sabır ve esneklik, özel durumlarda emzirmenin yönlendirilmesinde oldukça etkilidir. Anne- bebek sağlığı ve refahının sağlanması, başarılı emzirme sonuçlarının elde edilmesi için bu eğitim ve destek çok önemlidir ve destekleme stratejilere ve kapsamlı destek sistemlerine duyulan ihtiyacın altını çizmektedir.

Referanslar

Maastrup, R.,Hansen, B. M., Kronborg, H., Bojesen, S. N., Hallum, K., Frandsen, A., ... &Hallström, I. (2014). Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding of preterminfants. Results from a prospectivenationalcohort study. PloSone, 9(2), e89077.

Zachariassen G, Faerk J, Grytter C, Esberg B, Juvonen P, et al. (2010) Factors associated with successful establishment of breastfeeding in very preterm infants. . Acta Paediatr. 99: 1000–1004.

Akerstrom S, Asplund I, Norman M (2007) Successful breastfeeding after discharge of preterm and sick newborn infants. . Acta Paediatr. 96(10): 1450–1454.

Bragelien R, Roekke W, Markestad T (2007) Stimulation of sucking and swallowing to promote oral feeding in premature infants. . Acta Paediatr. 96(10): 1430–1432.

Ikonen, R.,Paavilainen, E., &Kaunonen, M. (2015). Preterminfants' mothers' experiences with milkexpression and breastfeeding: an integrativereview. Advances in NeonatalCare, 15(6), 394-406.

Brødsgaard, A., Andersen, B. L., Skaaning, D., & Petersen, M. (2022). From expressing human milk to breastfeeding—An essential element in the journey to motherhood of mothers of prematurely born infants. Advances in Neonatal Care, 22(6), 560-570.

Çınar, N., Köse, D., & Doğu, Ö. (2012). Çoğul bebeklerin anne sütü ile beslenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 2(3), 115-121.

Didişen, N. A.,& Gerçek, E. (2015). Yardımcı Üreme Teknolojileri Aracılığı ile Oluşan Çoğul Gebeliklerde Emzirme. Journal of Pediatric Research, 2(4).

Li, L.,Wan, W., &Zhu, C. (2021). Breastfeeding after a cesarean section: A literatüre review. Midwifery, 103, 103117.

Sankar, M. J.,Sinha, B., Chowdhury, R., Bhandari, N., Taneja, S., Martines, J., &Bahl, R. (2015). Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and childmortality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Actapaediatrica, 104, 3-13.

World HealthOrganization. (2017). Guideline: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilitiesprovidingmaternity and newborn services. World HealthOrganization.

Khan, J.,Vesel, L., Bahl, R., &Martines, J. C. (2015). Timing of breastfeedinginitiation and exclusivity of breastfeedingduringthe first month of life: effects on neonatalmortality and morbidity—a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Maternal and childhealthjournal, 19, 468-479.

Cooklin, A. R., Amir, L. H., Nguyen, C. D., Buck, M. L., Cullinane, M., Fisher, J. R. W., ... & CASTLE Study Team. (2018). Physicalhealth, breastfeedingproblems and maternalmood in theearlypostpartum: a prospectivecohort study. Archives of women'smentalhealth, 21, 365-374.

Stuebe, A. M.,Meltzer-Brody, S., Propper, C., Pearson, B., Beiler, P., Elam, M., ... &Grewen, K. (2019). The mood, mother, and infant study: associationsbetweenmaternalmood in pregnancy and breastfeedingoutcome. BreastfeedingMedicine, 14(8), 551-559.

Yuen, M.,Hall, O. J., Masters, G. A., Nephew, B. C., Carr, C., Leung, K., ... &MooreSimas, T. A. (2022). The effects of breastfeeding on maternalmentalhealth: a systematicreview. Journal of women'shealth, 31(6), 787-807.

Jantzer, A. M.,Anderson, J., &Kuehl, R. A. (2018). Breastfeedingsupport in theworkplace: therelationshipsamong breastfeeding support, work–life balance, and job satisfaction. Journal of Human Lactation, 34(2), 379-385.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Breastfeeding report card. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2016breastfeedingreportcard.pdf

Spitzmueller, C.,Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Thomas, C. L., Fisher, G. G., Matthews, R. A., &Strathearn, L. (2016). Got milk? Workplacefactorsrelated to breastfeeding among working mothers. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 37(5), 692-718.

Vilar-Compte, M.,Hernández-Cordero, S., Ancira-Moreno, M., Burrola-Méndez, S., Ferre-Eguiluz, I., Omaña, I., &PérezNavarro, C. (2021). Breastfeeding at theworkplace: a systematicreview of interventions to improveworkplaceenvironments to facilitatebreastfeedingamongworkingwomen. International journal for equity in health, 20(1), 110.

Gouveri, E.,Papanas, N., I Hatzitolios, A., &Maltezos, E. (2011). Breastfeeding and diabetes. Currentdiabetesreviews, 7(2), 135-142.

Nguyen, P. T. H.,Pham, N. M., Chu, K. T., Van Duong, D., & Van Do, D. (2019). Gestationaldiabetes and breastfeedingoutcomes: a systematicreview. Asia Pacific Journal of PublicHealth, 31(3), 183-198.

Park, S.,&Choi, N. K. (2018). Breastfeeding and maternalhypertension. Americanjournal of hypertension, 31(5), 615-621.

Qu, G.,Wang, L., Tang, X., Wu, W., & Sun, Y. (2018). Associationbetweenduration of breastfeeding and maternalhypertension: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. BreastfeedingMedicine, 13(5), 318-326.

Sokou, R.,Parastatidou, S., Iliodromiti, Z., Lampropoulou, K., Vrachnis, D., Boutsikou, T., ... &Iacovidou, N. (2023). Knowledge gaps and currentevidenceregardingbreastfeedingissues in mothers with chronicdiseases. Nutrients, 15(13), 2822.

Dall’Oglio I, Marchetti F, Mascolo R, Amadio P, Gawronski O, Clement M., ... &Giusti A. (2020). Breastfeedingprotection, promotion, and support in humanitarianemergencies: a systematicreview of literature. Journal of Human Lactation, 36(4), 687-698.

Demirbaş H, Sezer A, Ergun A. Afet Yönetiminde Halk Sağlığı Hemşiresinin Rol ve Sorumlulukları. FlorenceNightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2013;21(2): 122-8. DOI: 10.31125/hunhemsire.763162

Feitosa ALF, Torres KCDC. (2023). Breastfeeding in emergencies and naturaldisasters: whathealthprofessionalsneed to know. Revista CEFAC, 25, e10023.

Yeo, S.,Yang, L., Ong, K., &Yong, T. T. (2022). Breastfeeding with infectiousdiseases. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 31, 20101058221123395.

Vrazo, A. C.,Golin, R., Fernando, N. B., Killam, W. P., Sharifi, S., Phelps, B. R., ... &Srivastava, M. (2020). Adapting HIV services for pregnant and breastfeedingwomen, infants, children, adolescents and families in resource‐constrainedsettingsduringthe COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 23(9), e25622.

Kimberlin, D. W.,&Puopolo, K. M. (2021). Breastmilk and COVID-19: what do weknow?.ClinicalInfectiousDiseases, 72(1), 131-132.

Yang, N., Che, S., Zhang, J., Wang, X., Tang, Y., Wang, J., ... &Chen, Y. (2020). Breastfeeding of infantsborn to mothers with COVID-19: a rapidreview. Annals of translationalmedicine, 8(10).

Powell, R. M.,Mitra, M., Smeltzer, S. C., Long-Bellil, L. M., Smith, L. D., Rosenthal, E., &Iezzoni, L. I. (2018). Breastfeedingamongwomen with physicaldisabilities in the United States. Journal of Human Lactation, 34(2), 253-261.

Andrews, E. E.,Powell, R. M., &Ayers, K. B. (2021). Experiences of breastfeedingamongdisabledwomen. Women'sHealthIssues, 31(1), 82-89.

Topaloğlu Ören, E. D.,& Ertem, G. (2023). Experiences of Women with Visual and OrthopedicDisabilities in Obstetrics and GynecologyUnits: A Phenomenological Study. Journal of Ege UniversityNursingFaculty (JEUNF), 39(3).

Ririn, R.,Mufdlilah, M., &Suryaningsih, E. K. (2024). Experience of Breastfeeding And ExclusiveBreastfeeding For Women With PhysicalDisabilities: ScopingReview. Jurnal HealthSains, 5(5), 347-353.

Ramer, S.,Nguyen, A. T., Nelson, J. M., Whiteman, M. K., Warner, L., Thierry, J. M., ... &Kortsmit, K. (2024). BreastfeedingbyDisabilityStatus in the United States: Pregnancy Risk AssessmentMonitoringSystem, 2018–2020. AmericanJournal of PublicHealth, 114(1), 108-117.

Topaloğlu Ören, E. D.,& Ertem, G. (2022). Fiziksel Engelli Anneler Arasında Emzirmeyi Destekleyen ve Bariyer Oluşturan Faktörler. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 33(2), 669-686.

Referanslar

Maastrup, R.,Hansen, B. M., Kronborg, H., Bojesen, S. N., Hallum, K., Frandsen, A., ... &Hallström, I. (2014). Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding of preterminfants. Results from a prospectivenationalcohort study. PloSone, 9(2), e89077.

Zachariassen G, Faerk J, Grytter C, Esberg B, Juvonen P, et al. (2010) Factors associated with successful establishment of breastfeeding in very preterm infants. . Acta Paediatr. 99: 1000–1004.

Akerstrom S, Asplund I, Norman M (2007) Successful breastfeeding after discharge of preterm and sick newborn infants. . Acta Paediatr. 96(10): 1450–1454.

Bragelien R, Roekke W, Markestad T (2007) Stimulation of sucking and swallowing to promote oral feeding in premature infants. . Acta Paediatr. 96(10): 1430–1432.

Ikonen, R.,Paavilainen, E., &Kaunonen, M. (2015). Preterminfants' mothers' experiences with milkexpression and breastfeeding: an integrativereview. Advances in NeonatalCare, 15(6), 394-406.

Brødsgaard, A., Andersen, B. L., Skaaning, D., & Petersen, M. (2022). From expressing human milk to breastfeeding—An essential element in the journey to motherhood of mothers of prematurely born infants. Advances in Neonatal Care, 22(6), 560-570.

Çınar, N., Köse, D., & Doğu, Ö. (2012). Çoğul bebeklerin anne sütü ile beslenmesi. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 2(3), 115-121.

Didişen, N. A.,& Gerçek, E. (2015). Yardımcı Üreme Teknolojileri Aracılığı ile Oluşan Çoğul Gebeliklerde Emzirme. Journal of Pediatric Research, 2(4).

Li, L.,Wan, W., &Zhu, C. (2021). Breastfeeding after a cesarean section: A literatüre review. Midwifery, 103, 103117.

Sankar, M. J.,Sinha, B., Chowdhury, R., Bhandari, N., Taneja, S., Martines, J., &Bahl, R. (2015). Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and childmortality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Actapaediatrica, 104, 3-13.

World HealthOrganization. (2017). Guideline: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilitiesprovidingmaternity and newborn services. World HealthOrganization.

Khan, J.,Vesel, L., Bahl, R., &Martines, J. C. (2015). Timing of breastfeedinginitiation and exclusivity of breastfeedingduringthe first month of life: effects on neonatalmortality and morbidity—a systematicreview and meta-analysis. Maternal and childhealthjournal, 19, 468-479.

Cooklin, A. R., Amir, L. H., Nguyen, C. D., Buck, M. L., Cullinane, M., Fisher, J. R. W., ... & CASTLE Study Team. (2018). Physicalhealth, breastfeedingproblems and maternalmood in theearlypostpartum: a prospectivecohort study. Archives of women'smentalhealth, 21, 365-374.

Stuebe, A. M.,Meltzer-Brody, S., Propper, C., Pearson, B., Beiler, P., Elam, M., ... &Grewen, K. (2019). The mood, mother, and infant study: associationsbetweenmaternalmood in pregnancy and breastfeedingoutcome. BreastfeedingMedicine, 14(8), 551-559.

Yuen, M.,Hall, O. J., Masters, G. A., Nephew, B. C., Carr, C., Leung, K., ... &MooreSimas, T. A. (2022). The effects of breastfeeding on maternalmentalhealth: a systematicreview. Journal of women'shealth, 31(6), 787-807.

Jantzer, A. M.,Anderson, J., &Kuehl, R. A. (2018). Breastfeedingsupport in theworkplace: therelationshipsamong breastfeeding support, work–life balance, and job satisfaction. Journal of Human Lactation, 34(2), 379-385.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Breastfeeding report card. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/pdf/2016breastfeedingreportcard.pdf

Spitzmueller, C.,Wang, Z., Zhang, J., Thomas, C. L., Fisher, G. G., Matthews, R. A., &Strathearn, L. (2016). Got milk? Workplacefactorsrelated to breastfeeding among working mothers. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 37(5), 692-718.

Vilar-Compte, M.,Hernández-Cordero, S., Ancira-Moreno, M., Burrola-Méndez, S., Ferre-Eguiluz, I., Omaña, I., &PérezNavarro, C. (2021). Breastfeeding at theworkplace: a systematicreview of interventions to improveworkplaceenvironments to facilitatebreastfeedingamongworkingwomen. International journal for equity in health, 20(1), 110.

Gouveri, E.,Papanas, N., I Hatzitolios, A., &Maltezos, E. (2011). Breastfeeding and diabetes. Currentdiabetesreviews, 7(2), 135-142.

Nguyen, P. T. H.,Pham, N. M., Chu, K. T., Van Duong, D., & Van Do, D. (2019). Gestationaldiabetes and breastfeedingoutcomes: a systematicreview. Asia Pacific Journal of PublicHealth, 31(3), 183-198.

Park, S.,&Choi, N. K. (2018). Breastfeeding and maternalhypertension. Americanjournal of hypertension, 31(5), 615-621.

Qu, G.,Wang, L., Tang, X., Wu, W., & Sun, Y. (2018). Associationbetweenduration of breastfeeding and maternalhypertension: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. BreastfeedingMedicine, 13(5), 318-326.

Sokou, R.,Parastatidou, S., Iliodromiti, Z., Lampropoulou, K., Vrachnis, D., Boutsikou, T., ... &Iacovidou, N. (2023). Knowledge gaps and currentevidenceregardingbreastfeedingissues in mothers with chronicdiseases. Nutrients, 15(13), 2822.

Dall’Oglio I, Marchetti F, Mascolo R, Amadio P, Gawronski O, Clement M., ... &Giusti A. (2020). Breastfeedingprotection, promotion, and support in humanitarianemergencies: a systematicreview of literature. Journal of Human Lactation, 36(4), 687-698.

Demirbaş H, Sezer A, Ergun A. Afet Yönetiminde Halk Sağlığı Hemşiresinin Rol ve Sorumlulukları. FlorenceNightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2013;21(2): 122-8. DOI: 10.31125/hunhemsire.763162

Feitosa ALF, Torres KCDC. (2023). Breastfeeding in emergencies and naturaldisasters: whathealthprofessionalsneed to know. Revista CEFAC, 25, e10023.

Yeo, S.,Yang, L., Ong, K., &Yong, T. T. (2022). Breastfeeding with infectiousdiseases. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 31, 20101058221123395.

Vrazo, A. C.,Golin, R., Fernando, N. B., Killam, W. P., Sharifi, S., Phelps, B. R., ... &Srivastava, M. (2020). Adapting HIV services for pregnant and breastfeedingwomen, infants, children, adolescents and families in resource‐constrainedsettingsduringthe COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 23(9), e25622.

Kimberlin, D. W.,&Puopolo, K. M. (2021). Breastmilk and COVID-19: what do weknow?.ClinicalInfectiousDiseases, 72(1), 131-132.

Yang, N., Che, S., Zhang, J., Wang, X., Tang, Y., Wang, J., ... &Chen, Y. (2020). Breastfeeding of infantsborn to mothers with COVID-19: a rapidreview. Annals of translationalmedicine, 8(10).

Powell, R. M.,Mitra, M., Smeltzer, S. C., Long-Bellil, L. M., Smith, L. D., Rosenthal, E., &Iezzoni, L. I. (2018). Breastfeedingamongwomen with physicaldisabilities in the United States. Journal of Human Lactation, 34(2), 253-261.

Andrews, E. E.,Powell, R. M., &Ayers, K. B. (2021). Experiences of breastfeedingamongdisabledwomen. Women'sHealthIssues, 31(1), 82-89.

Topaloğlu Ören, E. D.,& Ertem, G. (2023). Experiences of Women with Visual and OrthopedicDisabilities in Obstetrics and GynecologyUnits: A Phenomenological Study. Journal of Ege UniversityNursingFaculty (JEUNF), 39(3).

Ririn, R.,Mufdlilah, M., &Suryaningsih, E. K. (2024). Experience of Breastfeeding And ExclusiveBreastfeeding For Women With PhysicalDisabilities: ScopingReview. Jurnal HealthSains, 5(5), 347-353.

Ramer, S.,Nguyen, A. T., Nelson, J. M., Whiteman, M. K., Warner, L., Thierry, J. M., ... &Kortsmit, K. (2024). BreastfeedingbyDisabilityStatus in the United States: Pregnancy Risk AssessmentMonitoringSystem, 2018–2020. AmericanJournal of PublicHealth, 114(1), 108-117.

Topaloğlu Ören, E. D.,& Ertem, G. (2022). Fiziksel Engelli Anneler Arasında Emzirmeyi Destekleyen ve Bariyer Oluşturan Faktörler. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 33(2), 669-686.

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1 Ağustos 2024

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